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Chapter 7: Local Government in Georgia

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Name: _________________________ Class: ____________________ Date: ________________
GUIDED READING
Georgia Studies for Georgia Students
Chapter 7: Local Government in Georgia
Section 1
County Government
Directions:
Use the information from pages 140 - 145 to complete the
following.
1. Each ______________ can decide how it wishes to carve up its land and create
administrative __________________.
2. ________________, and most other states, chose to call its local districts
___________________.
3. Georgia's Constitution of 1777 created _________________ counties. They [counties]
served as districts from which members of the newly formed state legislature were
________________.
4. There was little else for the counties to do, other than to ________________ laws, keep
____________________ records, hold _________________ sessions, and probate
________________.
5. The earliest county structures in each county were a ___________________ and a
______________.
6. The courthouse was where people came to pay their _______________, record
property ______________, and go to court.
7. The town chosen for the courthouse came to be called the _____________ _________.
8. It was also the market center for _________________, buying __________________,
selling farm ___________________, and for social gatherings and sharing news.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!2!of!5
9. Those who lived in rural communities were glad to see the courthouses built because
the county seats were usually near enough to travel to ________________ and back
within the same ____________.
10. Creating more counties also gave _______________ Georgians more
______________________ in state government, since each county had a certain
number of representatives in the legislature.
11. Today, Georgia has _____________ counties.
12. Counties serve as _______________ of the state in each local area.
13. County officials carry out basic state _________________ and enforce state
_____________________ within the boundaries of the county.
14. Some examples are: A county ____________________ conducts Georgia's elections
and voter registration; County _______________ are built and maintained as part of
Georgia's highway system; County ____________ commissioners collect Georgia's
motor vehicle taxes and issue state car tags; and, County ________________
departments carry out disease-prevention measures (vaccines, flu shots).
15. Every citizen of Georgia lives in a ________________, but not all of them live in a
_______________.
16. An _____________________________ area is an area of the county that is not
included in any city boundary.
17. Residents of unincorporated areas look to _________________ government to provide
basic services.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!3!of!5
18. The Georgia Constitution of ___________ gave county governments the authority to
provide such ____________________ services as ________________ and fire
protection, ______________ and storm water collection and disposal, ______________
utilities, and libraries.
19. When it began creating counties, the Georgia constitution established several positions
to be filled by __________________ officials.
20. Like state officials, these positions are called "__________________________ officers"
because they are specifically _______________ in the constitution.
21. The county constitutional officers are _________________, judge of the
_________________ court, ____________ of the superior court, and ___________
commissioner.
22. County constitutional officers are elected for _____________-year terms.
23. In Georgia, the _________________ is designated as the "______________ officer" of
the county - the officer responsible for preserving the peace and carrying out the order
of the county ___________________.
24. Sheriff's department duties include operating the county ____________, delivering
_____________________ (orders to appear in court), enforcing county
_____________________ (local laws), __________________ the county, responding
to _______________________, and enforcing traffic laws in cooperation with the
Georgia State Patrol.
25. Some counties have a _________________ department. County police may carry out
some law enforcement duties, but they do not __________________ the sheriff.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!4!of!5
26. The office of the __________ commissioner receives all tax ________________ and
maintains the county's tax records. The tax commissioner also _______________ and
pays tax ______________ (mainly property taxes and motor vehicle registration fees) to
the state and local governments.
27. The _____________ of superior court is the primary record keeper for the county. The
clerk maintains all of the _______________ records and supervises the registration of
property _____________________.
28. The ________________ of probate court oversees matters concerning property
________________, marriage _________________, guardianships, and wills.
29. In 1868, the state began creating the position of county _______________________.
30. Most have a ______________ of commissioners, which has from three to nine
members.
31. The board of commissioners has the _____________ to establish county policies,
_____________ county ordinances, establish the county _______________, establish
_____________ rates, and provide services for the citizens of the county.
32. Sometimes, a county __________________, appointed by the board of commissioners,
serves as the chief administrative officer. The county administrator manages the
_________-to___________ operations of the county and implements county policies
33. Local governments - both counties and cities- have the power to provide services for
their __________________- as long as those services do not violate _____________
and ___________________ laws. This is known as ____________ ___________.
34. However, the state can require the county to provide certain services and
_______________ it from handling other services.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!5!of!5
35. For example, county commissioners cannot _______________ court rules or interfere
with the operation of the public ____________________ system.
36. The Georgia Department of _____________________ Affairs (DCA) was created to
help _________________ governments.
37. DCA provides technical and research assistance, and it is the state's key agency in
housing ____________________ and development, comprehensive planning, and solid
_________________ reduction.
38. Even closer to home are Georgia's twelve ________________ commissions.
39. Ranging in size from ________ to _________ counties, the regional commissions help
local governments with services that they may not be able to ______________
themselves.
40. For example, the regional commission may help a county draw up land use plans for its
future _________________, write grants to finance ___________________
___________________________ (restoring older buildings that are significant in a
community's history), and provide expertise in the use of __________________
information systems (GIS).
Name: ______________________________ Class: ________________ Date: _______________
GUIDED READING
Georgia Studies for Georgia Students
Chapter 7: Local Government in Georgia
Section 2
City Government and Special-Purpose Districts
Directions:
Use the information from pages 147 - 151 to complete the
following.
1. Georgia's first cities - ____________________, then Augusta and communities along
the coast - were originally needed as _________________ outposts.
2. City is a term we like to use, but the correct legal term is ____________________
corporation, or municipality.
3. A city is a municipality that has been _______________________ (created) by the
Georgia legislature.
4. Unlike counties, cities are _________________ at the request of the people who live in
a particular geographic _____________.
5. They [residents] formally _____________________ (ask) the ____________________
for a charter to become incorporated.
6. A ____________________ is a written document that gives a municipality the authority
to ________________ and function.
7. There are certain conditions that must be met before a _______________ can call itself
a _______________.
8. The area wanting to be incorporated as a city (a) must have at least ____________
residents; and (b) at least 60 percent of its area must be divided into
________________ (parcels of land) for residential, ________________________,
industrial, institutional, governmental, or _____________________ purposes.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!2!of!7
9. Since ________, state law has required those municipal corporations - new and existing
ones - provide certain ____________ services.
10. To keep its charter active, a municipality must provide at least ____________ of the
following services, either directly or by contracting it out to other governments or private
companies: _______________ enforcement; _____________ supply and/or
distribution; _____________ or gas utility service; planning and _______________;
and, ___________________ facilities.
11. In Georgia, cities have adopted one of the following forms of government: (a) strong
_____________ - council form, (b) ___________ mayor-council form, or (c) council -
___________________ form.
12. In the ______________ mayor-council form, the elected mayor is the city's chief
___________________ officer and is ___________________ for seeing that the city's
laws are carried out and its city departments do their jobs.
13. Because of this strong leadership role, the mayor can _________________ department
heads and other city staff, prepare the city's ___________________, and implement it
once it is approved by the city council.
14. Georgia cities usually hold their municipal elections in ____________ - numbered
years.
15. The elected city _______________ sets policies by enacting ordinances and
_____________________ (informal statements of opinion). Although the mayor can
____________ city council actions, the city's charter may allow the council to
_________________ the mayor's veto.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!3!of!7
16. ___________________ and ________________ have a strong mayor-council form of
government.
17. Under the weak _______________ - council form of government, the elected city
council has more ____________________ than the mayor.
18. Not only does the _________________ enact ordinances and set policy, it also shares
the job of carrying out ______________ through its system of committees. The council
also takes the lead in developing the city __________________.
19. Under this form, the mayor's role is primarily _____________________.
20. The mayor ____________ have some authority to appoint department heads, but they
must be __________________ by the city council.
21. _________________ has a weak mayor-council form of government.
22. In the council-manager form of ______________________, the city's
______________________ elect a city council that enacts city ordinances and sets the
city's policies.
23. The council hires a _____________________ manager who is responsible for the city's
day-to-day operations.
24. The city manager can _______________ and ______________ department heads and
develop the city's annual budget.
25. The __________________ of a council-manager form may be elected
_____________________ or ___________________ by the city council from among its
members. He or she is usually a member of the city council and can _____________
over its meetings.
26. __________________ and Savannah have a council-manager form of government.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!4!of!7
27. A ______________________________ government is one that has formally
_________________ its county operations and governance with one or ____________
of the cities in the county.
28. Consolidated governments reduce _________________ by eliminating duplicated
services. Combining __________ enforcement personnel, ______________ protection,
solid waste (________________________) collection, land use planning, and zoning
functions are examples.
29. There are a number of ___________________-purpose governments in Georgia.
30. A special-purpose ____________________ is a "mini-government" that is set up for a
________________________ purpose or a particular service area.
31. _____________________ districts are the most common form of special-purpose
districts.
32. Georgia has ________ county school systems and _________ independent city school
systems. They are governed by locally elected boards of ___________________.
33. Within the guidelines set by ____________ law, local school systems can establish
starting and stopping _________________ for the school day, spell out standards of
___________________ and punishment, determine _______________ codes, and
schedule students' time during the school day.
34. The ________________________ and operation of public schools are
________________ through taxes on __________________ within the county.
35. The Georgia legislature can also establish local _____________________ authorities,
which are special-purpose governments that generate their own
______________________ through revenue bonds.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!5!of!7
36. _______________________ bonds are long-term _________________ that are repaid
by the revenue received from _____________ for the use of facilities or services
provided by the authority.
37. Another type of special-purpose district is the central __________________
improvement district (CBID). The CBID imposes property _________________ on the
commercial _________________________ in the district and uses the revenue to make
improvements such as street ____________________ and parking or
__________________ that will attract new business to the area.
(The answers to these questions are found on pages 152 - 153)
38. Just as in government at the state level, ________________ governments must
____________ for the services they provide.
39. _________________ and _____________________ collect several types of taxes.
40. The one relied upon by counties throughout Georgia is the __________________ tax.
41. _____________________ taxes are called _______ __________________ taxes,
which means "according to the value."
42. Ad Valorem taxes are based on a property's ____________ _______________ value,
which is what it could be ______________ for.
43. Property taxes are levied on real property, _____________ and buildings that are
considered permanent or not easily ________________ (your family's house) or
personal property, which refers to movable items of value such as _____________
vehicles, boats, industrial machinery, and merchandise in storage (________________
inventory).
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!6!of!7
44. Revenue to _________________ public school systems, administer the courts and
public _____________________, and maintain roads depends upon the
_______________ taxes paid by the owners of real property in a county.
45. The _________________ tax is another source of funds for local government.
46. The state of Georgia collects a _______ percent sales tax on retail sales.
47. Local governments can collect an additional __________ percent general purpose
______________ ______________ sales tax ((LOST).
48. "Local option" means that ______________ in the county or city may decide upon that
additional sales tax amount through a referendum.
49. LOST funds are used for ___________________________ in infrastructure (basic
facilities such as roads and bridges) and projects that serve the entire county.
50. In addition, counties may ask the voters for permission to ________________ an
additional 1 percent ________________ __________________ local option sales tax
(SPLOST).
51. Examples of SPLOST projects include a new county ____________________ or jail,
water system improvements, new __________ stations, civic centers,
_________________, parks and recreation facilities.
52. Local governments collect a number of other taxes: special use, franchise, insurance,
______________________, occupational.
53. Counties and cities may decide to charge the _______________ of delivering specific
services not to the public at large, but to those people who actually ___________ the
services.
54. This form of "pay-per-use" is called a ____________ fee.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!7!-!2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!7!of!7
55. Other examples of user fees are those for ___________________ collection,
__________________ and the use of recreational facilities.
56. Cities and counties are partners with state government in providing many services, so
they rely upon ____________________________________ revenues, financial aid
from state and federal agencies.
57. The intergovernmental revenues include funds to pay for the operating costs for health
______________________ and hospitals, road and __________________
construction, regional landfill operations, _____________________ prevention, and
public housing.
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Chapter 7: Local Government in Georgia

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