CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
THE PROGRESSIVE ERA
VISUAL SUMMARY
SOCIAL & MORAL
INDUSTRY
women fight for the right to vote
Eighteenth Amendment bans
alcoholic beverages
Social services for women,
children, and the poor
National Child Labor Committee
organizes to end child labor
reformers improve workplace
conditions and set maximum
working hours
Roosevelt establishes a Square
Deal
new tax system is instituted
Roosevelt breaks up trusts
ECONOMIC
POLITICAL
elections are reformed
citizens given greater voice in
government: recall, initiative,
referendum
conservationists establish wilder-
ness conservation areas and
preserve natural resources
Pure Food and Drug Act protects
consumers
HEALTH & ENVIRONMENT
P
ROGRESSIVISM
TERMS & NAMES
For each term or name below, write a sentence explain-
ing its connection to the Progressive Era.
1. progressive movement 7. Gifford Pinchot
2. muckraker 8. Woodrow Wilson
3. suffrage 9. Clayton Antitrust
4. Susan B. Anthony Act
5. Theodore Roosevelt 10. Federal Reserve
6. NAACP System
MAIN IDEAS
Use your notes and the information in the chapter to
answer the following questions.
The Origins of Progressivism (pages 512–518)
1. What were the four goals that various progressive
reform movements struggled to achieve?
2. What kind of state labor laws resulted from progres-
sives’ lobbying to protect workers?
3. How did government change during the Progressive
Era? How were these changes important?
Women in Public Life (pages 519–522)
4. In the late 1890s, what job opportunities were avail-
able to uneducated women without industrial skills?
5. Give two examples of national women’s organizations
committed to social activism. Briefly describe their
progressive missions.
Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal (pages 523–531)
6. What scandalous practices did Upton Sinclair expose
in his novel The Jungle? How did the American public,
Roosevelt, and Congress respond?
7. How did Roosevelt earn his reputation as a trust-
buster?
Progressivism Under Taft (pages 534–537)
8. As a progressive, how did Taft compare with
Roosevelt?
9. Why did the Republican Party split during Taft’s
administration?
Wilson’s New Freedom (pages 538–543)
10. How did the Clayton Antitrust Act benefit labor?
11. Cite two examples of social welfare legislation that
Wilson opposed during his presidency and the argu-
ments he used to defend his position.
CRITICAL THINKING
1. USING YOUR NOTES Create a Venn diagram to show
some of the similarities and differences between
Roosevelt’s Square Deal and Wilson’s New Freedom.
2. DEVELOPING HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE What social,
political, and economic trends in American life do you
think caused the reform impulse during the Progressive
Era? Support your answer with details from the text.
544
New
Freedom
Square
Deal
Both
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The Progressive Era 545
ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
1. Recall your discussion of
the question on page 511:
What kinds of actions can bring
about social change?
Now that you have read Chapter 17, use your
knowledge of the Progressive Era to answer these
questions:
• How did Progressive Era reformers recruit
others?
• How did progressive reformers bring about
changes in government?
• What did progressives do to bring about changes
in business?
• What else might Progressive Era reformers have
done to be more effective?
Explain your answers with examples.
2. LEARNING FROM MEDIA View the
American Stories video, “A Child on
Strike.” Discuss the following questions in a group;
then do the activity.
• What was your reaction to Camella Teoli’s
accident?
• What labor practices are taken for granted today
that were not afforded to people living in 1910?
Cooperative Learning Activity In your group, imag-
ine you are reporters covering the congressional
hearing. Write two articles—one that objectively
reports on the findings of the hearings, and one
that shows bias in favor of the mill. Share the arti-
cles with the class and analyze how language can
affect the reporting of information.
INTERACT
INTERACT
WITH HISTORY
WITH HISTORY
Use the quotation and your knowledge of U.S.
history to answer question 1.
Labor began to organize itself in Trade Unions
and to confront the industrialists with a stiff bar-
gaining power. These developments were to lead
to a period of protest and reform in the early twen-
tieth century. The gains conferred by large-scale
industry were great and lasting, but the wrongs
that had accompanied their making were only
gradually righted.
Winston Churchill, The Great Republic:
A History of America
1. In the passage, Winston Churchill attempts to
explain what prompted Progressive Era reformers.
The passage explains the actions of which of
the following labor reform leaders?
A Maria Mitchell
B Carry Nation
C Susan B. Anthony
D Florence Kelley
2. The muckrakers served Progressivism by —
F informing people about abuses so that they
could protest.
G enacting legislation to prevent political
corruption.
H cleaning up unhealthy meat processing plants.
J filing and prosecuting antitrust lawsuits.
3. In the presidential election of 1912, three candi-
dates attempted to win the liberal, progressive
vote. Which candidate for president in 1912 ran
on a conservative platform?
A Woodrow Wilson
B William Taft
C Theodore Roosevelt
D Eugene V. Debs
Standardized Test Practice
ADDITIONAL TEST PRACTICE, pages S1–S33.
ITEST PRACTICE
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