478 C
HAPTER 15
CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
TERMS & NAMES
For each term or name below, write a sentence explain-
ing its connection to immigration and urbanization.
1. Ellis Island 6. graft
2. Gentlemen’s Agreement 7. Boss Tweed
3. Americanization movement 8. patronage
4. Jane Addams 9. Rutherford B. Hayes
5. political machine 10. Pendleton Civil
Service Act
MAIN IDEAS
Use your notes and the information in the chapter to
answer the following questions.
The New Immigrants (pages 460–465)
1. What trends or events in other countries prompted
people to move to the United States in the late 19th
and early 20th centuries?
2. What difficulties did many of these new immigrants
face?
The Challenges of Urbanization
(pages 468–472)
3.Why did cities in the United States grow rapidly in the
decades following the Civil War?
4. What problems did this rapid growth pose for cities?
5. What solutions to urban problems did the settlement-
house movement propose?
Politics in the Gilded Age (pages 473–477)
6. Why did machine politics become common in big
cities in the late 19th century?
7. What government problems arose as a result of
patronage?
8. Summarize the views of Grover Cleveland and
Benjamin Harrison on tariffs.
CRITICAL THINKING
1. USING YOUR NOTES In a diagram like the one below,
show one result of and one reaction against (a) the
increase in immigration and (b) the increase in
machine politics.
2. EVALUATING In the 1860s, Horace Greeley—editor of
the New York Tribune—remarked, “We cannot all live in
the cities, yet nearly all seem determined to do so.”
Why do you think this was true at the end of the 19th
century? Do you think it is still true? Why or why not?
3. COMPARING How were politicians like Boss Tweed
similar to industrial magnates like Carnegie and
Rockefeller?
Result Reaction
Increased
Immigration
Increased
Machine Politics
IMMIGRANTS AND URBANIZATION
VISUAL SUMMARY
POLITICS
• Political machines develop to
take advantage of the needs of
immigrants and the urban poor.
• City politicians use fraud and
graft to maintain political power.
• Corruption in national politics
results in the call for civil
service jobs to be awarded on
the basis of merit.
• Big business’s growing influence
on politics defeats tariff reform
that would aid wage-earners.
• The influx of immigrants and
migrants causes a population
boom in cities.
• City services, such as housing,
transportation, water, and
sanitation, are stretched to the
limit.
• Reformers try to fix urban
problems through education,
training, charity, and political
action.
URBANIZATION
IMMIGRATION AND MIGRATION
• Poverty and persecution cause
millions of people to leave
Europe, China, Japan, the
Caribbean, and Mexico for the
United States.
• Immigrants are forced to adapt
to a new language and culture.
• Changes in agriculture cause
people to migrate from the
rural U.S. to the cities in
search of work.
• Many immigrants and
migrants face discrimination
in their efforts to find jobs
and housing.
