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Chapter 5: Georgia's Judicial Branch (Clairmont Press)

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Name: ____________________________ Class: ________________ Date: ________________
GUIDED READING
Georgia Studies for Georgia Students
Chapter 5: Georgia's Judicial Branch
Section 1
Georgia’s Court System
Directions:
Use the information from pages 110- 117 to complete the
following.
1. The authority of the court to decide a case is called __________________. There are
two types of courts- __________ courts and ______________ courts.
2. Trial courts have _____________ jurisdiction, the authority to hear a case for the first
time. This usually means a ____________ with witnesses, evidence, a
_____________, and a jury.
3. A __________ is a group of citizens chosen to hear evidence in a legal case and make
a decision based on that __________________.
4. Courts with ______________ jurisdiction can hear cases that were decided by a court
of original jurisdiction but are being ____________ (taken to a higher level for
rehearing).
5. The _____________ review the lower court decisions and determine if they should be
________or ________________.
6. At the top of the trial courts are the __________________ courts.
7. __________ ____________ have limited jurisdiction within one county. ________ of
state courts are elected to ________-_______ terms in countywide elections.
8. ____________ courts deal with wills and estates and issue marriage licenses and
licenses to carry firearms.
9. Every county has a _________________ court. The ____________ magistrate is either
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!5!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!2!of!2
elected or appointed, as determined by the local laws.
10. Because the state of Georgia makes a distinction between adult and youth offenders in
its criminal justice system, there is also a ___________court in each county.
11. _______________ ____________ are those established by cities and towns to deal
with traffic violations, violations of local _____________, and sometimes to hear
______________ cases such as shoplifting.
12. The Georgia ___________ ___ _________ is the second-ranking court in Georgia.
The ____________ judges of this court have the same requirements for qualifications
as the Georgia Supreme Court _____________.
13. The highest court of the state is the Georgia ______________ _____________. To
be a justice, a judge must be a resident of Georgia and have been _______________
to the practice of law _________ years.
14. The ___________ of the ___________ branch that operates through these courts is to
______________ the laws of Georgia.
Use page 117 to answer the following questions.
15. When _________ ________ became chief justice of the _____________ Supreme
Court in 2005, she was the first ______________ _________________ woman to serve
as chief justice of any state supreme court in the _____________ _____________.
16. At the age of thirty-six, she was the youngest ________________ and the first
_____________ to serve on the high court.
Name: ____________________________ Class: ________________ Date: ________________
GUIDED READING
Georgia Studies for Georgia Students
Chapter 5: Georgia's Judicial Branch
Section 2
Ensuring Justice
Directions:
Use the information from pages 118-119 to complete the
following.
1. In a nation that _______________ by the law, government has a major role in settling
___________________.
2. The judicial branch of government - at the federal, state, and local levels - uses
_______________ systems to ___________________ matters. This means that both
sides of a _______________ argument are heard, and a decision is made - to
solve the _________________________ (in a civil case) or serve
_________________ (in a criminal case).
3. The laws of the state are divided into two ____________________. _______________
laws protect society from the wrongdoing of an individual. ______________ laws deal
with the relationships between and among individuals.
4. A _________________ is a serious offense, regarded as an injury to_______________.
5. When a crime is committed, the state - in the person of a ___________________ - will
start legal action against the person who is accused of the crime in a
_________________ court.
6. In contrast, a ______________ is an injury or wrong done to a person that can be
_______________________ with the payment of money (called ________________).
7. For example, someone may have been wronged in some way that does not involve the
__________________ of a criminal law or statute. In that case, the _______________
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!5!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!2!of!3
individual is the one who must start the legal action (called a __________________) in
a civil court.
8. Sometimes, a single act may be both a ________________ and a _____________.
9. This driver [crashed into your family's front porch, causing roof to collapse] violated
criminal statutes and must face _________________.
10. Your family, as _________________ of the property damaged in the incident, has a
_________________of _______________, or a civil case, against the driver.
11. Usually __________________ covers the cost of repairing your front porch. If it does
not, your family, as _______________________, can __________ (file a lawsuit
against) the driver to recover repair costs in a civil court. The driver is called
the ______________.
12. _________________ are sorted into categories, ranging from very ______________
crimes, which carry ________________ punishment and are tried by a ____________,
to those that are less serious and call for an appearance before a judge.
13. A __________________ is a very serious crime. It is punishable by a _____________
sentence of more than one year. Examples of felonies under Georgia law include
arson, kidnapping, __________________, rape, burglary, selling _________________
substances (drugs), and motor vehicle theft.
14. A ________________ felony is a crime that is punishable by ______________.
___________________ is a capital felony.
15. All other __________________ are misdemeanors. A ______________________
carries less severe punishment: one to _____________ months in jail and/or a
_______________ set by the court.
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16. Examples of misdemeanors are trespassing, ___________________, cruelty to
animals, and assault and battery (_________ fights) with minor injuries.
Name: ____________________________ Class: _________________ Date:________________
GUIDED READING
Georgia Studies for Georgia Students
Chapter 5: Georgia's Judicial Branch
Section 3
Steps in the Criminal Justice Process
Directions:
Use the information from pages 120 - 122 to complete the
following.
1. Suppose that your _________________is broken into [offices are trashed and
equipment stolen] over the weekend when no one is in the building.
2. When the break-in is discovered, ________________ and security personnel come
immediately.
3. Crime scene investigators ___________________the area carefully, collecting and
recording evidence.
4. From the ___________________ (fingerprints and shoeprints) and from the reports of
____________________ (joggers on the athletic field behind the school), police officers
arrest three adult __________________ (people who are thought to have committed
the crime).
5. When the suspects are arrested, law enforcement authorities take the suspects into
__________________.
6. Once the suspects are in custody, law enforcement authorities make an official
________________ of the arrest and place the suspects in a holding ____________.
This is called ___________________.
7. The suspects make a first appearance before a ___________________ judge.
8. The judge makes sure that _________ _______________ (the rules established by the
courts to protect a person's rights) is followed for each suspect.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!5!-!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!2!of!4
9. Each suspect has the right to an _____________________. The ________________
against each suspect (burglary, vandalism) are explained, and the judge decides
whether or not to allow a suspect out on ________________ (money paid to ensure a
suspect's appearance in court at a later date).
10. Next is the ________________________ hearing. In this hearing, the magistrate judge
determines if there was, in fact, a __________________ committed, and if there is
____________________ cause (sufficient reason) to believe that each suspect
committed the crime.
11. The ________________ _____________ is a group of citizens chosen from among
eligible ________________ in a county or judicial circuit.
12. Their [grand jury’s] job is to examine the case record and evidence that may link the
_________________ to the crime committed.
13. The grand jury _________________ whether there is sufficient evidence to charge the
suspect with a crime. If it does, the grand jury issues an __________________ (a
formal accusation of a serious crime).
14. Someone who is indicted by the grand jury is then __________________, called before
a superior court judge who reads the charges and allows the suspect to enter a
____________ of guilty or not guilty.
15. If the plea is ________________, the next step is ______________________.
16. If the accused person agrees to _______________ guilty to a less serious charge, and
the ______________________ agrees, there will be no _____________.
17. This process of negotiating is called plea _______________________.
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18. If the suspect pleads not guilty, he or she becomes the ___________________ (the
person who answers the charges) in a criminal trial.
19. The trial process begins with the ______________ selection.
20. __________________ jurors and at least one ___________________ are selected to
hear the case.
21. In determining who will serve on the jury, the judge, the prosecutor, or the
_________________ for the defendant may ask __________________ of the potential
juror. This process is called _____________ ______________.
22. Once a jury is selected, the prosecutor and the attorney for the defendant
____________ directly to the jury and state what they expect to prove. These are
called opening ______________________.
23. Next is the presentation of ___________________. The __________________ (the
attorney for the state) goes first.
24. Most of the evidence is presented by witnesses who ________________ under oath.
25. The judge then calls upon the _________________ attorney to ______________-
__________________ (question) the witnesses.
26. Once all the witnesses have testified and been cross-examined, the defense attorney
and the prosecutor make closing ___________________ (or final arguments) to the
jury.
27. Next, the judge will ___________________ the jurors and point out the question they
must decide.
28. The jurors then ___________________ (discuss among themselves) the case and
reach a _________________ (decision).
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29. If the verdict is guilty, the judge proceeds with _____________________ (the length of
time to be served in prison) and sets the amount of any fines or ___________________
(payment for damages).
30. There are several _________________ that can take place after a trial.
31. If the defendant was found guilty by the jury, his or her lawyer may file a
_________________ for a new trial. This motion is usually __________ granted except
in unusual circumstances.
32. The defense attorney can then file a notice of ________________ to the appellate court
and give reasons why the case should be reviewed.
33. If the appellate court ___________________ (reverses the previous decision), the case
goes back to superior court.
34. If the court __________________ the guilty verdict, the _________________ (prison
term and restitution) is carried out.
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