Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Biology 9 Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction
Section: The Cell Cycle
Read the passage below. Then answer the questions that follow.
The cell cycle is a repeating sequence of cellular growth and divi-
sion during the life of an organism. A cell spends 90 percent of its
time in the first three phases of the cycle, which are collectively
called interphase. A cell will enter the last two phases of the cell
cycle only if it is about to divide.
The five phases of the cell cycle are as follows:
First growth (G
1
)phase: During the G
1
phase, a cell grows
rapidly and carries out its routine functions. For most organisms,
this phase occupies the major portion of the cell’s life.
Synthesis (S) phase: A cell’s DNA is copied during this
phase. At the end of this phase, each individual chromosome con-
sists of two chromatids attached at the centromere.
Second growth (G
2
) phase: In the G
2
phase, preparations
are made for the nucleus to divide. Mitochondria and other
organelles replicate. Hollow protein fibers called microtubules are
assembled. The microtubules are used to move the chromosomes
during mitosis.
Mitosis: The process during cell division in which the nucleus
of a cell is divided into two nuclei is called mitosis. Each nucleus
ends up with the same number and kinds of chromosomes.
Cytokinesis: The process during cell division in which the
cytoplasm divides is called cytokinesis.
SKILL: READING EFFECTIVELY
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
1. What two key terms are contained in the first paragraph of this passage?
2. Give the meaning of these two terms.
3. A cell viewed under a high-powered microscope appears to be in the fourth
phase of the cell cycle. What does this indicate about the cell?
Name Class Date
Active Reading
Skills Worksheet
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Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt Biology 10 Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction
Name Class Date
Active Reading continued
SKILL: SEQUENCING INFORMATION
Match each statement with the phase of the cell cycle it describes. Write the letter
of the correct phase in the space provided. Some choices may be used more than
once.
______ 4. nucleus divides
______
5. makes up a major portion of
most cells’ lives
______
6. cytoplasm divides
______
7. mitochondria replicate
______
8. cell grows rapidly
______
9. two identical nuclei are produced
______
10. DNA is copied
______
11. microtubules are assembled
______
12. forms two chromatids attached at the centromere
______
13. cell carries out its routine functions
______
14. microtubules move chromosomes
Read the question, and write your answer in the space provided.
15. How are mitosis and cytokinesis alike? How do they differ?
An analogy is a comparison. In the space provided, write the letter of the term or
phrase that best completes the analogy.
______16. G
2
phase is to mitochondria as S phase is to
a. chromatids.
b. centromere.
c. microtubules.
d. DNA.
a. first growth phase
b. synthesis phase
c. second growth phase
d. mitosis
e. cytokinesis
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SECTION: THE CELL CYCLE
1. cell cycle, interphase
2. cell cycle: repeating sequence of
growth and division during the life of a
cell; interphase: first three phases of
the cell cycle
3. It is in the process of dividing.
4. d
5. a
6. e
7. c
8. a
9. d
10. b
11. c
12. b
13. a
14. d
15. Both are phases of the cell cycle in
which a cell part divides. However, dur-
ing mitosis, a nucleus divides, while
during cytokinesis, cytoplasm divides.
16. d
SECTION: MITOSIS AND
CYTOKINESIS
1. p 5. b
2. b 6. p
3. a 7. d
4. p
Vocabulary Review
1. c 11. b
2. a 12. c
3. b 13. b
4. d 14. a
5. c 15. b
6. d 16. c
7. a 17. a
8. c 18. c
9. a 19. d
10. b
Concept Mapping
1. prokaryotes
2. eukaryotes
3. growth
4. repair
5. asexual reproduction
6. sexual reproduction
7. first growth phase
8. synthesis phase
9. second growth phase
10. cytokinesis
(Items 3–6 are interchangeable. Items 7–10
are interchangeable.)
Science Skills
SEQUENCING
1. b
2. e
3. g
4. a
5. d
6. h
7. c
8. f
9. anaphase
10. telophase
11. metaphase
12. prophase
13. 3
14. 2
15. 4
16. 1
Critical Thinking
1. a 14. b
2. d 15. a
3. e 16. f
4. b 17. b, f
5. c 18. i, d
6. e 19. j, h
7. a 20. g, a
8. c 21. c, e
9. d 22. c
10. b 23. c
11. d 24. b
12. e 25. a
13. c
Test Prep Pretest
1. c
2. b
3. b
4. d
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. gene
9. Down syndrome
10. autosomes
11. sex chromosomes
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Holt Biology 83 Chromosomes and Cell Reproduction
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