INDEX
afterburner xi, xiv, 144, 222–255, 262–268,
276–278
air superiority 221, 222
Airbus Industrie
A330 and 340 4–6, 11, 20, 21, 311, 332
A380 vii, 4, 109, 332
A350 5–12, 332, 341
angle of attack 22–24
aspect ratio xi, 22, 127, 128, 131, 132, 134
atmosphere 16
attained maximum turn rate 231
axial compressor 115–123, 129–134, 156–158,
305–307
axial turbine 115–129, 169–172, 307, 308
banked turn 231, 232, 241
blades xi, 64–66, 115–117
Boeing
707 3, 4, 9, 326
747 4, 5, 35, 109, 332
767 5, 6, 11, 326, 332
777 5–10, 311, 312, 332
787 5–14, 19, 24–32, 38, 58, 60, 227, 228
booster xi, 62, 63, 82–88, 98, 120–122, 197–203
Breguet range equation 27–32
bypass ratio xi, 4, 34, 82–99
CFM-56 167, 332
choked nozzle 74–76, 103, 145, 169, 170
chord, blade xi, 116, 118
climb 28, 30, 31, 46, 79, 80, 235–237, 323–325,
328
close air support 321, 224
combat rating 260, 348
off design 284, 297
combustor 159–168
pressure loss 209, 211, 319, 328
Committee for Aviation Environmental Protection
(CAEP) see ICAO
compressor
bleed 99, 158, 173, 176, 189, 196, 199, 201, 306
operation off-design 156–158
overall performance 150–152
stall and surge 156–158
spanwise effect 133, 134
solidity 131
Concorde 191, 248, 326
convergent-divergent nozzle 75, 76, 249, 250
cooling 51, 52, 64–68, 171, 172, 254, 257, 263–267,
313–318, see turbine cooling
core compressor xi, 129–132, 151–158
core xi
corrected mass flow and speed 108, 149
decibel 335, 338
deviation 115–117
diffusion factor 131
dimensional analysis 99–113
discharge coefficient 145
drag xi, xii, 5, 20–33, 36, 91–95, 104, 106, 220, 221,
230–234, 236–239, 311, 312
coefficient 21, 22, 232–234
polar 232, 233
dynamic pressure 70, 71, 116, 125, 126, 230
dynamic scaling 99–113
dynamic scaling, practical parameters 103
efficiency
combustion 161, 162, 165, 168, 173, 266, 268
cycle 47–51
isentropic 45–47, 50, 153–155
overall 27, 37–39
polytropic 153–155
propulsive 34–37, 82–87, 98, 200, 206, 211, 319,
321, 341
thermal 37, 47–51
emission regulations 163–168, 173–174
emissions 163–168
energy state 235–237
environmental issues 8–9, 19, 331
equivalence ratio 8, 144, 160, 247, 329
ETOPS 5, 7, 331
Euler work equation 119–120
Eurofighter (Typhoon) 221, 224, 227, 228
F-14 221
F-15 221, 223, 227, 251, 252
F-16 221, 227, 228, 232, 233, 250–251, 281
F-22 221, 223, 240
F-35 220, 221, 227–228, 240
fan xii, 5, 43, 60–63, 121–123, 131, 137, 148–151, 242,
245, 246
pressure ratio xii, 78–80, 82–99, 262, 269–273,
305
Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 335
flame speed 161
flow coefficient 120–123
fuel consumption
specific, see sfc
fuel–air ratio 114, 160–161
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Nicholas Cumpsty and Andrew Heyes
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350 Index
gas properties
effect of 51–53, 72, 143–145, 168, 313–329
gas turbine cycle 41–57
General Electric
CF6 35, 83, 84, 332
GE90 9, 83, 152
GEnx 38, 60–62, 83, 84, 152, 167, 197
Griffith, A A 191
high-pressure, HP xi
high-speed civil transport 311, 326
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
9, 164
Atmosphere 15
CO
2
33, 330, 331
Emissions 165, 173, 174
Noise 335–338
incidence xi, 22–24, 115–117, 135, 150, 158
inlet for high-speed flight 250–253
inlet stagnation pressure loss 250–253
interception 221, 223, 225, 248
interdiction 221, 223, 248
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
(IPCC) 164, 331
intermediate-pressure, IP xi
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
15–18
jet pipe xii, 179
jet velocity 73–75
Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) see F-35
lift xii, 10, 21–24, 30, 31, 221–232
coefficient 22–26, 230–234, 237, 239
coefficient, optimum 26
lift–drag ratio 12, 23–26, 28, 29, 31, 32, 94, 108, 109,
210, 232, 235, 320, 324
load factor 221, 230–232, 236–238
loss in stagnation pressure 116, 265, 251
loss of thrust at cruise 108–111
loss of thrust at take off 108–111
low-pressure, LP xii
lower calorific value, LCV xii, 27, 28, 37, 43, 47, 102,
103, 168, 178, 206, 266
Mach number 4, 13
maximum-dry rating 260
MIL-E-5007/8 intake loss 251, 252
min fuel consumption (combat) 301, 302
mixed high bypass engine 311–313
mixed military turbofan 245–246
mixing of core and bypass 245, 246, 268
nacelle 91, 92
noise 335–342
Heathrow quota count 338, 339
lateral
certification 335–338
measurement 338
generation 339–341
reduction 341, 342
NO
x
163–168, 173, 174
nozzle
propulsion 145–148
choking 74–76, 103, 145, 169, 170
guide vane, NGV 169, 170
payload xii, 3–7, 11, 12, 19–21, 29, 32
Pratt and Whitney
GTF GT1524 62
JT8D 60, 100
JT9D 83, 84
propulsive nozzle xii, 76, 78, 79, 99–105, 145–148,
176, 177, 239, 242, 245, 249–250
pylon xii, 34–36, 94, 99, 101, 342
Quota Count (QC) 338, 339
ram drag xii, 36, 39, 91, 104, 109, 240, 244, 323
ramjet 244, 256, 269
range 6, 12, 20, 21, 23, 27–32, 108–111
rating of combat aircraft engines 260, 348
reheat factor 154
residence time 162, 165, 166
Rolls Royce
Olympus 38, 58, 59, 191–197
RB211 83, 84, 311, 332
Trent 700/800 10, 311, 312
Trent 1000 38, 61, 62, 83, 84, 197
Trent XWB 83
Viper 58, 59, 177–189
rotor 118, 119
shock wave 12, 24, 251–253, 281, 305
sound pressure level (SPL) 338
spaur range SAR 27, 32
specific energy 235, 236
specific excess power, SEP 235, 236
specific fuel consumption (sfc) xii
bare 93
effective 93
specific thrust 82, 84, 88, 90–93, 242–245
speed of sound 13
spool xii, 58
staged combustion 167
stagnation conditions, definition 71–73
stall
aircraft 22–24
compressor 156–158
static conditions, definition 71–73
stator 118, 119
stoichiometric combustion 144, 145
supercruise 223, 226, 240, 301
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Index 351
surge 115, 132, 135, 150, 156–258
sustained maximum turn rate 234
take off
civil aircraft 4–7, 11, 12, 21–23, 323, 324, 328
combat aircraft 220, 227, 228, 231, 241, 257, 286
technology standard, combat engine 262, 263
thermodynamics
1st law of 54–57
2nd law of 54–57
thrust
lapse 244
gross xi, 36, 39
net xii, 36, 39
tropopause 15, 17, 225, 226, 241, 255
turbine
choking 74–76, 103, 145, 169, 170
cooling 51, 52, 64–68, 254, 257, 263–267, 313–318,
171, 172
cooling effectiveness 67
creep 65, 68
inlet temperature 65
overall performance 169, 170
turbofan xi, 60–62
turbojet xi, 59
units (measurement) 13
velocity triangles 123, 124
von Ohain, Hans 159
weight
military aircraft 227
powerplant 93–95
weight, civil aircraft 6, 12
Whittle, Frank 26, 159
wing
lift 21–23, 230, 231
loading 21–23, 230, 231
sizing 21–23
work coefficient 120–122
working line 150–158, 184–196, 206, 209, 212, 213,
293
zoom 225, 235
Zweifel coefficient 126, 127, 129
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Nicholas Cumpsty and Andrew Heyes
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