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THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK
Equality and
Diversity
The CARE CERTIFICATE
4
Standard
What you need to know
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
1
Equality and
Diversity,
Inclusion and
Discrimination
Equality is about treating people alike according to their needs. You should make sure that
everyone is given equality of opportunity. For example, you may need to give information
in different formats (for example Braille) or make sure there is access to a building for an
individual in a wheelchair.
Diversity can be described as ‘difference’. All individuals are different; the many different
parts of a person’s character and identity make them unique. Examples of the things that
make up diversity are:
Promoting equality and
respecting diversity are central
to life today. To provide care and
support that meets the needs of
everyone you have to understand
what these terms mean and take
account of them in your work.
Age
Appearance
Ability
Disability
Job role
Health
Background
Gender
Family
Friends
Sexual orientation
Religion
Belief
Values
Culture
Race
National origins
Marital status.
Inclusion is ‘being included within either a group or society as a whole’.
Inclusion links with diversity and equality. It is important to understand someone’s
differences so that you can include them and treat them equally and fairly. People can feel
excluded if they are not able to join in with activities. Excluding people because of their
differences is known as ‘discrimination’. All workers in health and social care must make
sure that they work in an inclusive way to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to take
part when they want to. This is especially true about people taking part in their own care
and support so that it is truly centred on them as a person.
Discrimination is action that is often based on a person’s negative attitude towards
others. The following can all lead to discrimination:
labelling
stereotyping
prejudice.
It involves treating people differently because of assumptions made about a person or
group of people based on their differences. Negative attitudes and behaviours exist in
society that can lead to individuals or groups being oppressed or disadvantaged.
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
2
Labelling
This is to give a group of people a name because of characteristics, for example
‘Goth’. People who self-identify as Goths may well be happy with that ‘label’, but
others may not.
Stereotyping
To have an opinion about a group and applying this to anyone belonging to this
group, for example “No woman can park a car”.
Prejudice
Could mean to not like someone just because of the group they belong to.
Equality of opportunity
Individuals are provided with opportunities that take into account their differences
and provide fair and equal access, that is to be given the same chance as all
individuals.
Some discrimination is on purpose and can be easily noticed. This is known as direct or
deliberate discrimination. Examples include unfairly treating a person differently because
of their race, religion or sexual orientation, and excluding people who use wheelchairs by
not providing access.
Other forms of discrimination can be unintentional or accidental and are not as easy to
see. This is known as indirect discrimination. For example, providing food at times that do
not take into account religious fasting periods may apply equally to everyone but might
disadvantage certain individuals or groups.
Ways of working that reduce the likelihood of discrimination
You can reduce the chances of discrimination happening by the way that you work. As a
health or social care worker it is your duty to work in ways that promote:
equality
diversity
inclusion.
These principles should be included into everything that you do. To achieve this, you
should:
respect diversity by providing person-centred care
treat the individuals you support as unique rather than treating all individuals in the
same way
ensure you work in a non-judgemental way. Do not allow judgemental beliefs to
effect the care and support you provide
follow the agreed ways of working in your workplace to create an environment that is
free from discrimination.
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
3
work in an inclusive way that sees the positive input that all individuals can make to
society and to their own care
be confident to challenge or confront discriminatory practice if you see this in your
workplace.
Person-centred care
There are many aspects to a person that you must understand in order to meet their
individual needs. The person is always the expert on their own care.
Holistic
The term ‘holistic’ means to look at all aspects that make up a person. It means
seeing how all those aspects are integrated and can have an impact on each other.
Therefore, we don’t just view people from one perspective, but we look at all factors,
including their thinking processes and the physical, emotional, social and cultural
aspects of who they are. This helps to provide person-centred care.
Courage
Be courageous to challenge or confront situations that you know are not right and
that do not promote the wellbeing of all individuals.
71
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
4
Valuing diversity
To work in ways that are inclusive you need to understand and value the things that make
people different. The care and support you provide must be specific to each individual’s
needs, wishes and preferences. It should be person-centred care which builds in the likes
and dislikes, beliefs and personal history of an individual to meet their needs in the best
way possible.
The Equality Act 2010 and protected characteristics
Every human being in the UK has rights and freedoms which apply regardless of their
situation or characteristics. Equality and inclusion are basic human rights.
The Equality Act 2010 makes it against the law for people to be treated unfairly because
of the things that make them different. The Act sets out how individuals should experience
equality of opportunity and lists a number of ‘protected characteristics’ that help to
safeguard them from discrimination.
Promoting equality and respecting diversity help to ensure that people are valued and
have the same access to all opportunities whatever their differences.
Protected characteristics
Stated in the Equality Act 2010, they aim to protect
these groups of individuals from experiencing
discrimination. The protected nine characteristics are:
Age
Disability
Gender reassignment
Marriage and civil partnership
Pregnancy and maternity
Race
Religion or belief
Sex
Sexual orientation
www.gov.uk/equality-act-2010-guidance
The Act also provides protection for individuals who experience discrimination by
association with someone who has a protected characteristic.
Other legislation
Your role as a health or care worker is governed by a number of different laws in addition
to the Equality Act 2010.
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
5
The Human Rights Act 1998 sets out the ways that everyone should be treated
by the state and by public authorities.
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/schedule/1
The Mental Capacity Act 2005 is designed to protect people who can’t make
decisions for themselves.
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents
The Care Act 2014 brings care and support legislation together into a single act with
a new wellbeing principle at its heart. It aims to make care and support clearer and
fairer and to put people’s wellbeing at the centre of decisions, and include and develop
personalisation.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/care-act-2014-part-1-factsheets/care-act-
factsheets
The Health and Social Care Act 2012 sets out to modernise NHS care by supporting
new services and giving patients a greater voice in their care.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-and-social-care-act-2012-fact-sheets
Sources of information, advice and support could include:
looking into the ways of working of your organisation
checking out the Care Quality Commission’s Five Key Questions:
http://www.cqc.org.uk/what-we-do/how-we-do-our-job/five-key-questions-we-ask
Useful links
www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/contents
www.gov.uk/government/collections/mental-capacity-act-making-decisions
www.gov.uk/government/publications/health-and-social-care-act-2012-fact-sheets
The code of conduct
Codes conduct or practice or set out the standards and values that care workers must
meet in order to provide effective and supportive care. In England, the Code of Conduct
for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers is overseen by Skills for
Health and Skills for Care. It is available at either of:
www.skillsforhealth.org.uk/code-of-conduct
www.skillsforcare.org.uk/code-of-conduct
The Code of Conduct for Healthcare Support Workers and Adult Social Care Workers
includes the following principles:
Be accountable by making sure you can answer for your actions or omissions
Promote and uphold the privacy, dignity, rights, health and wellbeing of people
who use health and social care services and their carers at all times
Wellbeing principle
The guiding principle of the Care Act 2014 that puts an individual’s wellbeing at the
centre of all care and support.
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
6
Work in collaboration with your colleagues
to ensure the delivery of high quality, safe
and compassionate healthcare, care and
support
Communicate in an open, and effective way
to promote the health, safety and wellbeing
of people who use health and social care
services and their carers
Respect a person’s right to confidentiality
Strive to improve the quality of healthcare,
care and support through continuing
professional development
Uphold and promote equality, diversity
and inclusion.
Reflecting to discover discrimination
It is important to reflect on your work and to think about how you can improve the care
and support that you provide to others. Discrimination is unacceptable and should be
confronted whenever it is found, whether in your own work, or in that of others. Working in
a reflective way is one way that can help you to identify if and where your own values and
beliefs lead to unfair treatment of others. ‘Reflective practice’ means thinking about what
you or others have done, what happened as a result and whether you or they could do
anything differently in future to get a better outcome.
If reflection leads you to see that individuals are being treated unfairly, you should discuss
this with your manager who will be able to take action to make sure that the poor practice
is properly challenged and positive change is encouraged.
Information, advice and support
In the course of your work there may be times when you need to take action to find out
more information about diversity, equality and inclusion. This might be as a result of:
reflecting on your own work and finding that you need to develop your skills and
knowledge
needing to know how to apply the principles of diversity, equality and inclusion to an
unfamiliar situation
witnessing discrimination or unfair treatment in someone else’s work and needing
advice on how to deal with it.
Information, advice and support in relation to diversity, equality, inclusion and
discrimination can be found in a number of places. Reflecting on situations and
experiences will help you to decide if you do need further information, support or advice;
this will help you to develop as a worker.
Sources of information, advice and support could include:
looking into the ways of working of your organisation
checking out the Care Quality Commission’s Essential Standards of quality
and safety
speaking to your manager for advice and guidance and for extra support or for ideas
on where to go or who to speak to for further information
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
7
making use of informal meetings or discussions with other workers and formal
appraisals or supervision with managers for additional guidance or to ask specific
questions
undertaking your own research on the internet, for example looking at the Equality
and Human Rights Commission or your Social Service’s or NHS website.
Reflect
To think over your experiences in a way that will help you to learn for the future.
This may mean you think about how you approach a situation differently next time
or a strategy you will use again because it worked well.
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
8
Equality and
diversity
The CARE CERTIFICATE
4
What do you know now?
Standard
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
9
Activity 4.1a
Complete the table below to
explain the key terminology
in your own words.
Describe - To describe means to create
a picture with words but not simply writing
a list of bullet points.
Explain - to explain something you will
need to provide a clear account of your
understanding, including details like why
and how.
Diversity Equality Inclusion Discrimination
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
10
Activity 4.1b
Discrimination may happen
deliberately or by mistake
within social care or health
settings. For each of the
examples below, describe
the discrimination that
is happening including
whether it is deliberate or
inadvertent (by mistake).
Describe - To describe means to create
a picture with words but not simply writing
a list of bullet points.
Describe - to describe means to create a
picture with words but not simply writing
a list of bullet points.
Example 1:
A community group organises activities in a village hall that does not
have access that is suitable for individuals who are wheelchair users.
Example 2:
In a hospital a volunteer gives smaller portions of food to women
than men because they believe that men have bigger appetites.
Deliberate
Deliberate
Inadvertent
Inadvertent
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
11
Example 3:
A care home has a policy that limits kitchen hours from 8am to 5pm.
A new resident observes Ramadan, meaning they can eat only
before sunrise and after sunset. As a result of the kitchen policy they
are not able to eat proper meals for the month of Ramadan.
Example 4:
A home care worker stays longer at the home of an individual than
they should because they are fond of the individual which means that
the next person has less time for their care and support.
Deliberate
Deliberate
Inadvertent
Inadvertent
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
12
Activity 4.1c
There are a number of ways that
can help to reduce the likelihood
of discrimination happening in a
workplace. Explain how practices
that support equality and diversity,
such as working in a person-
centred way, can help to reduce
discrimination in the workplace.
Working in a person-centred way can help to reduce the likelihood of discrimination because...
Explain - to explain something
you will need to provide a clear
account of your understanding,
including details like why and
how.
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
13
Activity 4.2a
On the diagram below,
identify which legislation
and codes of practice or
conduct relating to equality,
diversity and discrimination
apply to you as a care
worker.
Describe - To describe means to create
a picture with words but not simply writing
a list of bullet points.
Identify - point out, highlight or note
down the main answers or examples
that relate to the subject.
Legislation
and codes of
practice relating
to equality,
diversity and
discrimination
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
14
Activity 4.2c
Reflect on the two
examples of discriminatory
practice below. For each
example, describe how
you could address the
discriminatory practice in
order to encourage positive
change.
An individual you are supporting is unable to reach the counter at the checkout to pay for their
shopping:
You notice a colleague continuously refuses to support or treat an individual and they have said it is
because of the individual’s sexual orientation:
Describe - to describe means to
create a picture with words but not
simply writing a list of bullet points.
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
15
Activity 4.3a
On the diagram below,
identify a range of sources
of information, advice and
support about diversity,
equality and inclusion.
Sources of
information,
advice and
support about
diversity, equality
and inclusion
include...
Identify - point out, highlight or note
down the main answers or examples
that relate to the subject.
THE CARE CERTIFICATE WORKBOOK STANDARD 4
16
Activity 4.3b and c
Think about situations when you may need additional
information, advice and support. Fill in the table below
to demonstrate how you would try to find additional
information, advice and support about diversity,
equality and inclusion. One example situation has
been done for you. For the second example think of a
situation that can happen in your own work.
When would
you access
information, advice
and support?
How would
you access
information, advice
and support?
Whom would you
ask for advice and
support in relation
to this and why?
1. You realise that
your knowledge
of dementia could
be improved in
order to support
an individual’s
specific
communication
needs.
2.
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