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Chapter 14: Expansion and Growth: 1789-1850 1. Under (Clairmont Press)

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Name ______________________ Class ____________________ Date __________________
GUIDED READING
Georgia Studies for Georgia Students
Chapter 14: Expansion and Growth: 1789-1850
Section 1
Georgia's Land and Economic Growth
Directions:
Use the information from pages 324 - 338 to complete the
following.
1. Under new federal and state constitutions, the United States and Georgia began to
________________. (page 325)
2. The key to Georgia's ________________ was still its land. Acquiring __________ from
the _______________ Americans and distributing land to settlers became major
political and _____________________ issues in the period from the Constitution until
1840.
3. Georgia remained an ________________________ state, but new ________________
and new methods of transportation played major roles in making agriculture profitable.
4. One of the main reasons that Georgians supported the new
_______________________ was their desire for more of the land that Native
Americans _____________ inside the state's borders.
5. While they had gotten the ______________________ and some Creek to agree to an
additional grant of land to Georgia, Creek Chief Alexander ___________________ had
refused to sign any _________________.
6. In 1790, President George _______________________ invited McGillivray to come for
talks in New York City, at that time the _________________ of the country.
7. In his [McGillivray] talks with Washington, McGillivray signed the Treaty of _________
_________________, which gave the ______________________ the land they wanted
between the Ogeechee and Oconee rivers.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!14!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!2!of!6
8. In 1796, George Washington appointed North Carolina Senator Benjamin
_______________________ to be the Agent for _______________
________________ in the South.
9. It was his job to carry out a new government policy to "___________________" the
Indians.
10. The goal was to make the Indians into _______________ who would eventually settle
onto individual farms and give up their _________________ lands.
11. In Georgia, the government itself got involved in _________________ land dealings in
what became known as the ________________ land _________________.
12. Many of the ____________________ who voted for the sale had ______________ in
the company. Voting for something from which they were going to _______________
personally is what is known as a ________________ of __________________.
13. When the new Georgia legislature met in 1796, it ____________________ the Yazoo
Act as a fraud.
14. _______________ is the intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage
another person.
15. To prevent another embarrassing event like the Yazoo fraud, the 1798 constitution said
that no public land could be ___________ until the Indians had given up their
_____________ to it and the Georgia government had established counties in it.
16. Throughout the 1790s, Georgia continued to ____________ land to settlers through the
____________________ system.
17. In 1803, Governor John ____________________ called the legislature into a special
session to pass a new land _______________.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!14!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!3!of!6
18. Each ______________ male who had lived in Georgia at least a year and every
family of ___________________ under twenty-one years of age got one chance in a
lottery.
19. A __________________ is a plan to award something - in this case, land - on the basis
of chance.
20. The land lottery meant that the state lost the ______________ it could have made by
___________________ the land at a market price. But it also resulted in very quick
______________________ growth, as people moved into the state so they would be
eligible for the lotteries.
21. Most Georgians made their living by growing ______________.
22. The flower of the cotton plant is called the ____________, and it is a white fiber.
Removing the ______________ from the fiber so it could be made into ____________
thread was very difficult because they stuck to the fiber.
23. He [Eli Whitney] designed a simple device called a _______________ ________ (short
for "engine") to remove the seeds by brushing the fiber through slits too small for the
seeds to go through.
24. Fast seed removal made the production of upland cotton ____________________ and
led to its rise as Georgia's major ____________ crop.
25. The white fluffy fiber grew especially well in the rich area of land that ran through the
___________ ______________ from South Carolina to ______________.
26. This "_________________ _____________" as it was called, ran through
__________________ below the mountains and above the less-fertile pine barrens in
the south.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!14!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!4!of!6
27. These crops - _________________, cotton, _____________ ____________, and rice -
all required a considerable amount of _________________ to produce.
28. Those who had ______________ could produce large enough quantities of cash crops
to become _________________.
29. At the top of the __________________ and social ladder were _________________,
those who owned twenty or more slaves.
30. Small ________________ and their families, who owned no slaves, made up most of
the ________________ class in Georgia.
31. The poorest whites in Georgia were ________________.
32. While cotton was the major cash crop in Georgia, _______________ was an equally
important crop for the vast majority of Georgians.
33. In the northwest hills, farmers produced mainly corn and ______________.
34. This northern Georgia area - east and west - had fewer ___________________ and
few slaves.
35. Many of its farmers were living at the ______________________ level, that is, they
were able to produce just enough to _______________.
36. While Georgia's land was the key to Georgia's __________________, the state's quick
economic growth would not have been possible without new inventions that made
_______________________ faster and easier.
37. Until the 1800s, river boats were ______________-powered, with people poling or
rowing.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!14!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!5!of!6
38. In 1807, in New York's Hudson River, inventor _____________ ________________
successfully used a ________________ engine to power paddle wheels on the sides of
a boat.
39. By 1816, the first ______________________ were on the ________________ River.
40. Because ______________ transportation was faster and _________________, many
states became interested in building canals.
41. ________________ are manmade waterways that connect one body of water to
another, such as a river to a river or lake to a lake.
42. In ________________, steam power was being used on ___________ to haul cars
along rails.
43. With so many goods to get to market, the _______________ immediately began to
build _________________.
44. Not to be left behind, Savannahians began a company to build a railroad in
___________, which eventually became the _____________ of Georgia.
45. The state of Georgia itself chartered a railroad to ____________________ called the
Western and Atlantic. It was part of a grand plan to connect the _______________ with
the West as far as the Tennessee River.
46. Although farming occupied most Georgians, some ________________ did develop.
47. By the 1820s, Georgians Augustin Clayton in Athens and William Schley in Augusta
began to process cotton in small _________________ mills using water power.
48. When the country went through ______________________ (a severe economic
downturn) in the late 1830s, others were attracted to building ______________ to help
strengthen the economy.
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students!!!!!!!!!!Chapter!14!-!1!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Page!6!of!6
49. In Georgia's ________________, citizen's had others ways of making a
_______________ as they had in the colonial period.
50. The wealthy in towns were professionals and ____________________.
51. Some merchants were ________________, the men who took a farmer's crops and
arranged for their _________________ to other places.
.
,
Name ______________________ Class ____________________ Date __________________
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students(Chapter(14(-(2(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Page(1(of(4
GUIDED READING
Georgia Studies for Georgia Students
Chapter 14: Expansion and Growth: 1789-1850
Section 2
The War of 1812 and Indian Removal
Directions:
Use the information from pages 340 - 349 to complete the
following.
1. By the time Thomas ___________________ became president in 1800, the
_______________ and ________________ were once again at odds with the other.
2. The United states did not want to become involved, but it was ______________ with
both countries. Both Great Britain and France were trying to ______________ the
United states from trading with the other.
3. So both the French and the British were _________________ U.S. ships and
sometimes __________________ goods that they thought might be going to the
enemy.
4. The British were also ______________ American sailors from the ships, claiming they
were British citizens, and putting them into the British ___________. This practice was
called ___________________.
5. The trade conflicts with Great Britain, their taking of American sailors, and the belief that
they were supporting the ___________________, led to President James
__________________ to ask for a declaration of ____________ in 1812.
6. The United States had many _________________ going into the war, including a small
navy and small army. They had to rely on their citizens to _________________ as
soldiers.
7. In spite of these difficulties, the United State went into war with the major
_______________________ of the time - Great Britain.
Name ______________________ Class ____________________ Date __________________
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students(Chapter(14(-(2(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Page(2(of(4
8. Georgia was concerned about the _______________ Indians and the influence the
______________ might have over the Indians.
9. Many of the Creek, known as the "_________ _____________" had joined Tecumseh's
resistance and were receiving _____________ from the British.
10. In August 1813, the Red Stick Creek attacked and __________________ about four
_______________ Americans at Fort Mims in Alabama Territory. This led to the
__________________ called the Red stick War, part of the __________ of
____________ in this area.
11. In March 1814, troops led by General Andrew ____________________ soundly
defeated the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama.
12. Jackson forced the Creek to _____________ the Treaty of Fort Jackson, in which they
gave up a large area in South ___________________ all the way to the Florida border.
13. Those who ____________ the most in the War of 1812 were the ______________
__________________.
14. None, however, lost more in the long term than the _______________ of Georgia.
15. An important leader of the Lower Creek at this time was William
___________________, Jr.
16. In 1821, McIntosh was one of the ____________________ for the Creek in the first
Treaty of Indian Springs.
17. In 1825, McIntosh was involved in the Second Treaty of Indian Springs, in which the
Creek gave up the ______________ of their land. Most Creek did __________ agree
to the treaty, and McIntosh paid for his support of it with his ______________.
Name ______________________ Class ____________________ Date __________________
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students(Chapter(14(-(2(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Page(3(of(4
18. The ____________________ were also targets of efforts to "civilize" the Native
Americans.
19. Foremost among these [Cherokee] leaders was John ______________, whose
heritage was ___________ and Cherokee. He was well ________________ at an
academy in Tennessee.
20. In 1827, he established a ___________ and _______________ near Lookout Mountain
in Tennessee. Ross's Landing, as it was called, would later be renamed
_____________________.
21. By the 1820s, the Cherokee were __________________ from the other Native
Americans in a major way. They could ____________ and _____________ in their own
language thanks to the work of a Cherokee named ____________________.
22. He [Sequoyah] had been impressed by the ability of whites to "___________" with each
other over long distances through their _______________ on paper. So, in 1821, he
developed a ______________________, a set of over eighty written symbols that
represented the syllables of the Cherokee ___________________.
23. In 1830, President Andrew ___________________ supported and Congress passed
the Indian ____________________ Act, which set aside land west of the Mississippi
River as Indian ___________________ (present day __________________).
24. The ______________________ wanted to give this land to the Native Americans in
exchange for their lands ____________ of the Mississippi River.
25. In 1831, the Cherokee Nation ___________ the State of ______________ for intruding
on its land, but the __________________ Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation had no
_______________ to sue before the court.
Name ______________________ Class ____________________ Date __________________
Georgia(Studies(for(Georgia(Students(Chapter(14(-(2(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Page(4(of(4
26. In 1832, _______________________ living in ___________________ territory brought
another lawsuit.
27. In this _____________________ v. Georgia, Chief Justice John ________________ of
the U.S. Supreme Court said the land ___________________ to the Cherokee and
their law, not Georgia law, was in force within their boundaries. Unfortunately, for the
Cherokee, President Jackson ________________ to enforce the decision.
28. In 1835, Ridge and a small group signed the Treaty of __________ ______________,
agreeing to ____________ in return for land in the Indian Territory and ________
million.
29. John Ross and the other Cherokee tried to ______________ removal, arguing that the
treaty was not _____________.
30.In the summer of 1838, the army loaded several _____________________ Cherokee
onto crowded boats and sent them on the Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas rivers
to their new _____________.
31. In the late fall, the rest began a 700-800 mile ____________ to Indian Territory. They
endured bad roads, _______________, blizzards, sickness, and ______________.
32. Over _____________ thousand died along this ____________ of ______________.
33. Once they reached Indian Territory, John Ross was reelected principal ____________,
and worked to ________________________ his people in their new land.
34. In the five decades after Georgia became the _______________ state to ratify the
United States Constitution, the state went through great expansion and ____________.
35. By the 1840s, Georgia was becoming the "_________________ State of the South."
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