Fill - Free fillable - V5.4 Level 1 Binder (BACK-UP) PDF form

!"

#

$

%

&

'

!(

)

*

#

+

'

ﺧ

َ

ﻴ

ْ

ﺮ

ُ

ﻛ

ُ

ﻢ

ْ

ﻣ

َ

ﻦ

ْ

ﺗ

َ

ﻌ

َ

ﻠ

ﱠ

ﻢ

َ

اﻟﻘ

ُ

ﺮ

ْ

آن

َ

و

َ

ﻋ

َ

ﻠ

ﱠ

ﻤ

َ

ﻪ

ُ

The best of you are those who learn the Qur’ān and teach it.

~ Prophet Muḥammad

ﷺ

(Bukhārī)

19

LESSON 1 | VOCABULARY LIST

TRANSLATION

PLURAL

SINGULAR

lord

!

"

#

$

%

"

&'

(

#

"

'

)

messenger

#

*

+

*

,

(

#

"

+

*

-.

(

person; human being

(rare)

/

0

1

$

2

"

&3

(

house

4

*

5

*

-6

(

4

"

5

$

7

(

thing

!

"

8

$

5

"

&9

*

:

"

$

9

(

believer

;

*

<

$

=

0

>

*

-3

"

;

*

<

$

=

0

?

(

from

=

0

?

$

to

/

0

@

"

in

A

with by;

'

0

to write

B

0

C&D

"

E

(

writing (n.)

F

"

G

$

C

*

H

*

writes he

B

"

C

"

H

"

wrote he

Memrise – All vocabulary provided at the beginning of each lesson are available as a

“vocabulary lesson” within the Memrise, Fawakih Level 1 Deck.

20

LESSON 1 | GRAMMAR | ARABIC WORDS ( !"#

$

%

&'( )

Grammar and Morphology

Knowledge of grammar is essential to understanding any language. At Fawakih, grammar will

generally involve the study of rules that explain how words function in a sentence. Morphology,

on the other hand, will involve the study of how individual words are formed.

Classification of Words

Every word in Arabic can be classified into exactly one of three categories:

INDEPENDENT

MEANING

TIME

ENGLISH

EQUIVALENT

TYPE OF WORD

NOUN

pronoun,

adjective

I

0

+

$

J

(

(pl. !

"

+

$

K&9

(

)

VERB

L

0

M

$

,

(

(pl.

!

"

L

$

M&.

(

)

PARTICLE

N

"

O

$

P

(

(pl. N

*

O

*

QP

(

)

I

0

+

$

J

(

An ism is a word ( R

"

0

K

"

E

(

) that conveys meaning without the need for other words, e.g.

=

*

ST

"

K

U

V

(

= Muhammad

#

"

+

*

-.

(

= messenger

W

"

0

5

$

,

(

= beautiful

L

0

M

$

,

(

A fi‘l is a R

"

0

K

"

E

(

that conveys meaning, yet is restricted to a given time (e.g. past or present), e.g.

B

"

C

"

H

"

= he wrote

F

"

G

$

C

*

H

*

= he writes

I

*

X

$

C

*

H

$

= write!

O

$

P

(

N

"

A harf is a R

"

0

K

"

E

(

that is dependent on either an ism or a fi‘l to convey meaning. Any word that is

not an ism or a fi’l must be a harf. This is a broad category, and includes words such as:

Q

"

= and

/

0

@ = to

/

0

3

U

= indeed

21

Recognition

Even without knowing the meaning of a word, it is often possible to determine which one of

the three categories it belongs to. The table below presents some of these recognition tips.

RECOGNITION TIPS

ENDING VOWEL

TYPE OF

MEANING

ENGLISH

EQUIVALENT

TYPE OF

WORD

Can be preceded by

S IY

NOT:

,,

%

,

SS

Z

SS

[

SS

(

entity or attribute

no time

noun,

pronoun,

adjective

I

0

+

$

J

(

present tense verbs are

preceded by one of:

! 3 \ 6

NOT: S SS

[

SS

(

S

Z

occurrence

in time

(past / present/ future)

verb

L

0

M

$

,

(

• Often only 1-2 letters

long

• Single letter hurūf are

connected to

following word

-

no independent

meaning without an

J+

$

I

0

or ,M

$

L

0

particle

(including:

conjunctions,

some prepositions)

N

"

O

$

P

(

Most Arabic nouns and verbs have 3 root letters. So, a word that seems to have more than

three letters probably has a prefix and/or suffix and/or inserted letters.

Activity: Look at Sūrat al-Fātiḥa below, and classify each word as an either an ism, fi`l or harf.

(Answers given in Lesson 1 | Grammar | Answer Key).

- ./0

#

1

2

34

2

./0

#

5 .6

#

2

7

8 ."

9

2:;

2

:

)

<

=

>

2

?

2

@

)

A

B

2

C ./0

#

1

2

34

2

./0

#

5 D .E

=

F

)

A

B

)

G

2

H

)

$

)

I

9

2

62

#

2

.J

=

)

G

=

K

'

L

)

B

)

3

=

M

2

4

=

N

)

O

=

P

)

G

=

Q

)

.R

#

2:;

)

S

2

T

)

A

U

)

V ./

=

G

'

W

=

X

)

Y

2

34

)

./Z

9

2

T

)

A

U

)

.[

=

K

2

\

)

] ^ _

)

W

=

X

)

P

2

H

'

`:

#

]a

)

O

)

P

=

b

'

K

'

c

2

:

#

]a

)

d ./e

#

fE

9

2H

)

*

)

g

)

L

)

B

)

3

=

M

2

4

=

./

=

G

)

h

=

e

'

<I

2

i

)

j

=

2

Notice that the first half of the sūra contains only nouns. Think about what this conveys, given

what you have learned about the difference between an 4

k

l

%

!2 and a m

k

P

%

n2 .

22

Fātiḥa Takeaways

At this beginner stage, the following takeaways can give an appreciation as to how the

language adds value to understanding the sūra.

1) Breaking down a word into its parts

]

"

S2

$

C

"

M

0

^

$

"

]

"

S

+

S2

$

C

"

S

+

_

0

^

$

"

WE

SEEK

HELP

It takes three English words to break down this one word in al-Fātiḥa.

2) What’s Not There

Question: How does the omission of /

0

@ (“to”) from the verse affect the meaning?

V ./

=

G

'

W

=

X

)

Y

2

34

)

./Z

9

2

T

)

A

U

)

{ /

0

@ } .[

=

K

2

\

)

]

I

0

`

$

V

0

]& + /

0

@ = ”)path the on not“ (implies “to” us guide

I

0

`

$

V

0

]& = ”)path the on“ (implies ”on“ us guide

See the following verses that demonstrate how /

0

@ is generally used following the

verb “to guide”: 3:101, 5:17, 6:87, 6:161, 10:25, 16:121, 42:52.

23

Introduction to Noun Case

Arabic has a grammatical case system, which means that nouns have variable endings

depending on their grammatical function in a sentence.

In English, only traces of such a system can be found, e.g.

• “Me ate an apple” is incorrect, because the subject form of the pronoun is “I”

• “He saw I” is incorrect, because the direct object form of the pronoun is “me”

In Arabic, nouns typically change their ending based on their grammatical function within the

sentence.

There are three noun cases in Arabic, each of which is associated with a specific default vowel

on the end of the noun. This concept is introduced gradually throughout these lessons.

DEFAULT

VOWEL

A WORD IN THIS CASE

IS DESCRIBED AS

MEANING

ARABIC CASE

NAME

SS

(

S

*

S

;

"

O

$

L

*

-a

(

nominative

e.g. subject of sentence

#

U

b

$

c

(

SS

Z

S

"

S

=

"

>

$

d

*

-'

(

accusative

e.g. direct object of sentence

]

"

d

$

H

(

SS

[

S

0

S

=S

"

e

$

O

*

Q#

(

genitive

e.g. after a preposition

f

"

SSO

)

DID YOU

KNOW

Caliph `Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, motivated by the spread of ungrammatical speech, was

the first to put Arabic grammar down in writing. He started by presenting the

three categories of words, and definitions of each.

24

LESSON 1 | GRAMMAR | ANSWER KEY

- ./0

#

1

2

34

2

./0

#

5 .6

#

2

7

8 ."

9

2:;

2

:

)

<

=

>

2

@

)

A

B

2

?

2

C ./0

#

1

2

34

2

./0

#

5 D B

)

G

2

H

)

.E

=

F

)

A

$

)

I

9

2

62

#

2

G

=

K

'

.J

=

)

c

2

:

#

]a

)

O

)

P

=

b

'

K

'

`:

#

]a

)

_

)

W

=

X

)

P

2

H

'

^.[

=

K

2

\

)

] ./Z

9

2

T

)

A

U

)

./

=

G

'

W

=

X

)

Y

2

34

)

V S

2

T

)

A

U

)

.R

#

2:;

)

N

)

O

=

P

)

G

=

Q

)

L

)

B

)

3

=

M

2

4

=

i

)

j

=

2

./

=

G

)

h

=

e

'

<I

2

L

)

B

)

3

=

M

2

4

=

*

)

g

)

./e

#

fE

9

2H

)

1A: Word Classification

Classify each of the following words as ism, fi`l or harf by placing a check in the appropriate

box. Use Lesson 1 Vocabulary List or the recognition tips to help.

N

"

O

$

P

L

0

M

$

,

I

0

+

$

J

N

"

O

$

P

L

0

M

$

,

I

0

+

$

J

✓

;

*

<

$

=

0

>

*

-3

"

6

✓

/

0

@

1

✓

/

0

1

$

2

"

&3

(

7

✓

#

"

'

)

2

✓

g

"

G

$

C

*

H

*

8

✓

Ih

*

5-

*

6

*

3

✓

D

0

&ij

0

C&D

"

E

0

9

✓

B

"

C

"

H

"

4

✓

#

*

+

*

,

[

10

✓

A

5

H

I

H

I

F

I

H

F

I

F

H

I

H

I

H

I

26

1B: Qur’ānic Application

For each āya below, classify each word in the āya as ism (I), fi`l (F) or harf (H). If only specific

words are underlined, then classify only those words.

Ik

U

*

Iid

U

K

"

V

*

112:2

1

I I

Q

"

Ik

U

*

l

"

V

0

FO

(

Q

"

Ik

U

*

m

"

n

*

-#

(

#

U

N

0

5J

(

7

:

60

2

H I I H I I I

/

0

]

U

& o

"

$

?

*

o

*

$

p

0

Ii

$

K

"

-

$

q

"

r

Q

"

]

"

G

$

C

*

H

*

=

"

& l

"

V

U

;

*

-I Q

"

st

"

&#

"

`

*

J

$

36:12

3

F

l

*

,

$

i

0

u

K

"

? =

U

& A

0

Ii2

U

K

"

&Q

"

I6

0

Q

"

Iv

$

"

#

$

w

0

l

*

,

$

k

0

u

U

0

B

"

C

"

H

"

x

"

r

y

"

n

$

2

0

z

0

IiO

U

{

$

"

E

"

6:12

4

H I H I H I F H I

l

*

,

$

!

"

_

*

-|

*

D

0

O

"

'

0

u

IY

$

n

"

}

"

~

0

113:1

5

F

27

LESSON 1 | MORPHOLOGY | DETACHED PRONOUNS ( !")

*

&'+

%

,

-

!"&

-

.

/

0

$

1

%

2

$

3

-

)

Pronouns

A pronoun ( •

"

K

0

€

$

(

) is a word that refers to some entity (person, place or thing) previously

mentioned in speech. In Arabic, pronouns can be divided into two categories: detached and

attached. Attached pronouns will be discussed in Lesson 10.

Detached Pronouns

The detached pronouns ( •

"

K&•

0

O

*

=

*

>

$

n

"

d

0

}

"

E

(

) are definite ( =

"

M

$

O

0

L

"

E

(

– more about this in Lesson 2). They

are generally used as the subject pronouns in a given sentence. Verbs can be conjugated for

each of these pronouns.

Examples of Usage

The following examples demonstrate how detached pronouns are used in the Qur’ān.

TRANSLATION

ĀYA

Say, He is Allah, One. (111:1)

l

*

,

$

4

-

5

$

Ik

U

*

!

"

N

"

V

(

Peace, it is until the emergence of dawn. (97:5)

+

"

‚

"

ƒ

(

6%

$

N

"

„

U

r

=

"

…

$

}

"

c

0

IY

$

n

"

e

$

O

0

They, in it, will abide eternally. (2:39)

4

-

7

/

b

0

5†

"

& ‡

"

&ˆ

0

*

Q3

"

You [O Muḥammad], are not but a warner. (35:23)

/

0

3

$

8

$

9:

$

/

0

‰

U

]

"

Š

0

FO

(

Nor are you worshippers of what I worship. (109:3)

Q

"

‰

"

8

$

9;

-

7

/

‹

"

D

0

V

*

Q3

"

=

"

& !

"

Œ

$

•

*

V

*

I am Allah. There is no god but I. (20:14)

8

$

9

$

' Ik

U

*

‰

"

/

0

Y

"

S

r

z

"

/

0

‰

U

8

$

9

$

'

We are more knowledgeable of what they say. (50:45)

9

$

<=

/

>

-

!

"

_

$

}

"

J

*

D

0

K

"

& Ž

"

•

*

-i

*

-3

"

“W

e” for Allah

Throughout the Qur’ān, Allah is sometimes referred to with the pronoun ]

"

ST

$

?

*

, “We,” known as

the “royal” we or the “majestic plural.” This linguistic device is used to refer to a single entity

holding a high position. Though rarely used in today’s speech, many of the āyā t in the Qur’ān

that employ the majestic plural speak about Allah’s great power and majesty.

28

LESSON 1 | MORPHOLOGY | EXERCISES

1C: Meaning

Write the meaning of each pronoun, as shown in the example below.

W

"

$

c

(

Plural

=

*

•

"

>

u

S‘

Z

Dual

=

*

n

$

O

"

’

(

Singular

(3)

`

*

J

$

________________

(2)

`

*

K&

________________

(1)

`

*

-

"

_____he_____

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IY“&•

0

H

*

Third person

(6)

`

*

?

U

________________

(5)

`

*

K&

________________

(4)

”

0

"

________________

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

(9)

!

"

y

$

C

*

J

$

________________

(8)

!

"

y

$

C

*

K&

________________

(7)

!

"

]

$

7

"

________________

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IiK

*

S–

"

&—

"

H

*

Second

person

(12)

!

"

]

$

˜

*

U

________________

(11)

!

"

y

$

C

*

K&

________________

(10)

!

"

]

$

7

0

________________

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

(14)

o

"

$

?

*

_______________

_

(13)

!

"

]&

_______________

_

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

!

"

Q

$

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Masculine or

Feminine

IiK

*

C

"

™

"

š

J

*

First person

29

1D: Copy the Chart

Copy the pronoun chart for practice.

W

"

$

c

(

Plural

=

*

•

"

>

u

S‘

Z

Dual

=

*

n

$

O

"

’

(

Singular

(3)

(2)

(1)

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IY“&•

0

H

*

Third person

(6)

(5)

(4)

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

(9)

(8)

(7)

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IiK

*

S–

"

&—

"

H

*

Second person

(12)

(11)

(10)

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

(14)

(13)

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

!

"

Q

$

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Masculine or

Feminine

IiK

*

C

"

™

"

š

J

*

First person

30

Note: switch your keyboard layout to Arabic for

typing the pronouns

1E: Translate

In each of the āyāt, circle the detached pronoun(s) and translate them by filling in the

blank(s).

1.

o

'

m

%

[

'

<

)

!6

#

'

p

)

1

)

K

k

-

(111:1) One.” the Allah, is ______ “Say:

2. *

)

q

2

]r

%

s

2

0

)

t

2

[

'

4

%

:

'

<o2u

'

<v

)

8

(2:4) certain.” are ______ hereafter, the about “…and

3. :

)

] wx

)

>

'

!l

%

y

'

;

%

p

)

\Q

)

*

)

z

)

*

%

{

'

?

)

!|

%

)

u

#

}

)

(2:35) paradise” in spouse your and _______ live, Adam, “…O

4. N

)

\

)

] !6

#

'

$

)

I

~

!E

%

P

)

]/

)

G

2

H

)

“_______ am Allah, Lord of the Worlds.” (28:30)

5. c

2

\

#

] •

)

%

;

'

\

)

€

#

•

%

)

] L

)

B

)

3

%

?

)

!E

%

Y

'

0

%

wv

)

‚

)

ƒ

2

„…

†

‡

“Indeed ________ have revealed the Qur’ān upon you progressively.” (76:23)

6.*

)

!6

#

'

!E

%

h

)

ˆ

2

~

*

)

p

)

\X

'

4

'

!E

%

‰

'

Y

)

0

)

!Š

'

“…and Allah is free of need, while _________ are poor.” (47:38)

7. [

'

<

)

!R

#

2‹ p

)

\€

)

+

)

L

)

B

)

3

%

?

)

!E

%

Œ

2

X

)

]I

)

•2u

%

Ž

'

w:

)

]•

k

•

~

%

Œ

)

G

)

]•

k

[

'

;

#

p

'

>

~

!E

%

Œ

2

X

)

]I

2

foundation the are _______ precise. are that verses are it In Book. the you unto revealed who one the is “______

(3:7) book.” the of )umm(

8. ‘

2

f:

)

]‚2u

)

] p

)

\X

'

G

)

] *

)

•

)

;

2

!’

#

b

)

P

)

Œ

'

G

)

] !E

%

h

)

]“2

'

<v

)

(28:35) victorious.” be will (both) you follow who those and _______ signs, our “…with

9. c

2

”

%

[

'

G

)

] •

2

!E

%

h

)

]$

2

c

2

”

%

–

)

Y

'

<+

'

/2Z

)

]1

2

b

2

Ž2 g

)

—

)

%

€

)

v

%

(9:40) grieve’….” otn ‘Do companion: his to said he and cave the in were ________ “When

10. *

)

p

)

\] !˜

#

<

#

!I

'

!/0

#

1

2

3

%

4

'

(2:160) Merciful.” the repentance, of Acceptor the am ______ “and

31

LESSON 1 | MORPHOLOGY | ANSWER KEY

1D: Copy the Chart

Copy the pronoun chart for practice.

W

"

$

c

(

Plural

=

*

•

"

>

u

S‘

Z

Dual

=

*

n

$

O

"

’

(

Singular

(3)

`

*

J

$

They

(3+, m or mix)

(2)

`

*

K&

They

(2, m or mix)

(1)

`

*

-

"

He

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IY“&•

0

H

*

Third person

(6)

`

*

?

U

They

(3+, f)

(5)

`

*

K&

They

(2, f)

(4)

”

0

"

She

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

(9)

!

"

y

$

C

*

J

$

You

(3+, m or mix)

(8)

!

"

y

$

C

*

K&

You

(2, m or mix)

(7)

!

"

]

$

7

"

You

(m)

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IiK

*

S–

"

&—

"

H

*

Second person

(12)

!

"

]

$

˜

*

U

You

(3+, f)

(11)

!

"

y

$

C

*

K&

You

(2, f)

(10)

!

"

]

$

7

0

You

(f)

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

(14)

o

"

$

?

*

We

(13)

!

"

]&

I

IiK

*

C

"

™

"

š

J

*

First person

32

1E: Translate

In each of the āyāt, circle the detached pronoun(s) and translate them by filling in the blank(s).

11. o

'

m

%

[

'

<

)

!6

#

'

p

)

1

)

K

k

-

(111:1) .”One the Allah, is __He__ “Say:

12. *

)

q

2

]r

%

s

2

0

)

t

2

[

'

4

%

:

'

<o2u

'

<v

)

8

(2:4) certain.” are __They__ hereafter, the about “…and

13. :

)

] wx

)

>

'

!l

%

y

'

;

%

p

)

\Q

)

*

)

z

)

*

%

{

'

?

)

!|

%

)

u

#

}

)

(2:35) paradise” in spouse your and __You__ live, Adam, “…O

14. N

)

\

)

] !6

#

'

$

)

I

~

!E

%

P

)

]/

)

G

2

H

)

“__I__ am Allah, Lord of the Worlds.” (28:30)

15. c

2

\

#

] •

)

%

;

'

\

)

€

#

•

%

)

] L

)

B

)

3

%

?

)

!E

%

Y

'

0

%

wv

)

‚

)

ƒ

2

„…

†

‡

“Indeed __We__ have revealed the Qur’ān upon you progressively.” (76:23)

16. *

)

!6

#

'

!E

%

h

)

ˆ

2

~

*

)

p

)

\X

'

4

'

!E

%

‰

'

Y

)

0

)

!Š

'

“…and Allah is free of need, while __you (3+)__ are poor.” (47:38)

17. [

'

<

)

!R

#

2‹ p

)

\€

)

+

)

L

)

B

)

3

%

?

)

!E

%

Œ

2

X

)

]I

)

•2u

%

Ž

'

w:

)

]•

k

•

~

%

Œ

)

G

)

]•

k

[

'

;

#

p

'

>

~

!E

%

Œ

2

X

)

]I

2

__They__ precise. are that verses are it In Book. the you unto revealed who one the is _He“__

(3:7) book.” the fo )umm( foundation the are

18. ‘

2

f:

)

]‚2u

)

] p

)

\X

'

G

)

] *

)

•

)

;

2

!’

#

b

)

P

)

Œ

'

G

)

] !E

%

h

)

]“2

'

<v

)

(28:35) victorious.” be will (both) you follow who those and _(2) you__ signs, our “…with

19. c

2

”

%

[

'

G

)

] •

2

!E

%

h

)

]$

2

c

2

”

%

–

)

Y

'

<+

'

/2Z

)

]1

2

b

2

Ž2 g

)

—

)

%

€

)

v

%

(9:40) ….”grieve’ not ‘Do companion: his to said he and cave the in were _(2)_ they__ “When

20. *

)

p

)

\] !˜

#

<

#

!I

'

!/0

#

1

2

3

%

4

'

(2:160) Merciful.” the repentance, of Acceptor the am __I__ “and

33

LESSON 1 | TEXT ANALYSIS

READING COMPREHENSION 3-STEP METHODOLOGY

The process by which we will approach reading content in this course is trifold and should be

adhered to closely to progress through the stages of comprehension.

1 Skim for Word Recognition

Circle (or otherwise identify) words you know, and use these as 'pegs' to try to figure out the

general gist or theme of the reading passage.

2 Educated Guessing

Look more closely at words you did not recognize, and try to guess their meaning (even if only

partially) based on:

• Context: If you know most of the words in a sentence, you can often take an educated

guess at the meaning of the one or two words that you did not recognize.

• Root letters: Even if you do not know the meaning of a word, you might get some sense

of its meaning if you recognize the root letters. For example, you can guess that the

word /

0

B

š

5

$

,

(

probably has something to do with eating.

• Morphological patterns: You may recognize a specific pattern of a word (e.g.

ا

ِ

ﺳْﻢ

ُ

اﻟﻔﺎﻋ

ِ

ﻞ )

and, similarly the tense and mood of verbs (even if you don't know the meaning of the

verb, you can recognize its 'shape' as !

"

;

$

O

/ ;

*

›&#

0

a / =&œ 0 ).

3 Translation

Based on stages 1 and 2, figure out the structure and syntax of sentences, and utilize the

accompanying vocabulary list to confirm or change your educated guesses from Step 2.

Note about Vocabulary

The accompanying vocabulary lists for each text are given to aid in comprehension of the text

being studied. Students are not responsible for committing these words to memory each

week. However, students will naturally pick up these words through context and repetition

throughout the story.

34

LESSON 1 | TEXT ANALYSIS

!?

*

@

A

!B

$

C

*

D

-

- E

-

5

/

F

$

G

-

!H0'I

%

<=

$

3

%

™

2

W

%

4

2

!6

#

2

!/0

#

š

%

)

,

A

;

2

!/0

#

1

2

34

2

-

!J

%

)

G

%

K

'

62

#

2

$

)

I

2

9

!E

%

P

)

]/

)

G

2

H

)

D !/0

#

š

%

)

,

A

;

2

!/0

#

1

2

34

2

C •

)

]/2?

2

:

)

<

%

>

2

!"2

9

:;

2

8

c

2

:

#

]a

)

O

)

P

%

b

'

K

'

`:

#

]a

)

_

)

W

%

X

)

P

2

H

'

^ ![

%

K

2

\

)

] !/›

2

9

)

!U

)

!/

%

G

'

W

%

X

)

Y

2

34

)

V

œ

2

)

!U

)

!R

#

2:;

)

N

)

O

%

P

)

G

%

Q

)

L

)

B

)

3

%

M

2

4

%

i

)

j

%

2

!/

%

G

)

h

%

e

'

<I

2

L

)

B

)

3

%

M

2

4

%

*

)

g

)

!/e

#

]E2

9

H

)

d

35

LESSON 1 | TEXT ANALYSIS | VOCABULARY LIST

TRANSLATION

PLURAL

SINGULAR

world

_

"

-Ii

0

J

*

\ ‹i

"

K

*

-3

"

‹i

"

J

(

start, beginning, opening

L

"

-Ig

0

•

L&ž

0

"

E

(

TRANSLATION

VERB

he blessed, granted

!

"

y

$

M

"

J

"

we seek help

1

"

2

$

C

"

M

0

^

$

*

guide (command/request)

I

0

`

$

V

0

36

LESSON 1 | TEXT ANALYSIS | TRANSLATION

!?

*

@

A

!B

$

C

*

D

-

- E

-

5

/

F

$

G

-

!H0'I

%

<=

$

3

%

The First Text – The Chapter of the Opening

™

2

W

%

4

2

!6

#

2

!/0

#

š

%

)

,

A

;

2

!/0

#

1

2

34

2

-

Merciful.-In the name of Allah, the Source of Mercy, the All

1

!J

%

)

G

%

K

'

62

#

2

$

)

I

2

9

!E

%

P

)

]/

)

G

2

H

)

D

All praise and thanks are for Allah, the Lord of the Worlds,

2

!/0

#

š

%

)

,

A

;

2

!/0

#

1

2

34

2

C

,Merciful-the Source of Mercy, the All

3

•

)

]/2?

2

:

)

<

%

>

2

!"2

9

:;

2

8

Owner of the day of Recompense.

4

c

2

:

#

]a

)

O

)

P

%

b

'

K

'

`:

#

]a

)

_

)

W

%

X

)

P

2

H

'

^

You [alone] we worship and You [alone] we ask for help.

5

![

%

K

2

\

)

] !/›

2

9

)

!U

)

!/

%

G

'

W

%

X

)

Y

2

34

)

V

Guide us [upon] the straight path,

6

œ

2

)

!U

)

!R

#

2:;

)

N

)

O

%

P

)

G

%

Q

)

L

)

B

)

3

%

M

2

4

%

i

)

j

%

2

!/

%

G

)

h

%

e

'

<I

2

L

)

B

)

3

%

M

2

4

%

*

)

g

)

!/e

#

]E2

9

H

)

d

the path of those whom you have blessed, not those who have earned your anger,

7

nor those who are astray.

Quiz Reminder – Make sure to take any quizzes assigned for Lesson 1. Quiz links

are listed in the student resource portal on the Fawakih website and also sent

directly via email.

37

38

SCAN TO ACCESS LESSON 1 QUIZ

Iˆ

U

#

$

Ÿ

*

I

U

&¡

0

ﻣ

َ

ﻦ

ْ

ﺟ

َ

ﺪ

ﱠ

و

َ

ﺟ

َ

ﺪ

َ

Whoever is serious shall find.

~ Arab Proverb

39

LESSON 2 | VOCABULARY LIST

TRANSLATION

PLURAL

SINGULAR

truth

-

N

"

~

)

hour; time

+

"

&‹

"

6

(

+&_

"

E

(

day (24 hours)

!

"

F

U

&ƒ

(

F

"

-

$

ƒ

(

month

8

*

†-#

(

| !

"

8

$

†

*

O

(

8

"

†

$

O

(

night

¢

"

&.

[

| Ii}

U

5&£

¢

"

$

}

"

E

(

daytime (from dawn to

dusk)

-

y

"

†

"

&#

(

mountain

f

0

•

"

&.

(

f

"

•

"

,

(

river

!

"

]

$

S†&#

(

y

"

†

$

O

(

affair; matter

!

*

;

*

-#

(

!

"

;

$

O

(

command

!

"

Q

"

I;

0

O

*

!

"

;

$

O

(

Subtleties of Arabic Vocabulary

The words for daytime ( ]

"

†&# ) and river ( y

"

†

$

O ) share the same three letter roots: 3 – ¤- # . Classical

Arabic dictionaries suggest the roots indicate the opening or emergence of a thing, e.g.

]

"

†&#

(

= emergence of light from darkness y

"

†

$

O

(

= flow causes an opening in the earth

40

LESSON 2 | GRAMMAR | DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ( !?

*

J

%

,

$

G C!"&

$

K

/

,

%

L

$

3 )

Definite or Indefinite

Nouns can be either definite ( =

"

M

$

O

0

L

"

E

(

) or indefinite ( ]

"

G

0

O

"

¥

(

). This is the difference between “the”

and “a.” In Arabic, definite nouns are usually recognized by the presence of the definite article

( IYS ) at the beginning of the word. If a noun does not have S IY at the beginning, it will usually

end with a doubled vowel known as a tanwīn ( ¦

"

>

$

-

0

§

$

?

(

).

TERM

MEANING

DEFAULT

MARKER

EXAMPLES

definite

•

)

P

%

0

2

n

)

}

k

“the...”

a specific person / thing

2

, !E

!/0

#

{

'

m

'

man” “the

indefinite

\

)

y

2

0

)

t

k

“a... / “some...”

non-specific

,,

k

,

$

)

{

'

m

k

$

)

{

'

…

†

$

)

{

'

m

•

“a man”

,,

†

,

,,

•

,

Points to Consider

1) A noun cannot be both definite and indefinite at the same time. Therefore, a word

cannot have both the prefix S IY and a ¦

"

>

$

-

0

§

$

? ending at the same time.

2) Some definite nouns do not take the prefix S IY , such as:

a. Proper name ( IYM

"

}

"

J I

0

+

$

J

*

) e.g.

T

"

K

U

V

(

S=

*

, V

(

§

$

¨

"

These examples have ;

k

„

%

<

2

u

%

’

)

, but refer to a specific entity and are definite.

b. Personal pronoun ( •

"

K

0

€

$

) e.g.

`

*

-

"

, !

"

]&

Th

ese examples have no S IY or ¦

"

>

$

-

0

§

$

? , but refer to a specific entity and are definite.

2

The meaning of S IY is not restricted to the English use of “the.” Another common usage of S IY is the “generic.” For example, the

religion of Islam is referred to as I©

0

+

$

‚ƒ instead of simply /

0

+

$

‚ƒ

(

. Different meanings of IYS are discussed in Level 3.

41

3) When a word has a ¦

"

>

$

-

0

§

$

? and a b

"

C

$

T

"

E , then an !

"

Y

0

ª is usually added, e.g. #

"

f

*

‚

Z

compared to

#

"

f

*

,

(

. If the word ends in a tā’ marbūṭah (¥) then an !

"

Y

0

ª will not be added, e.g. I

0

;

$

O

"

!

"

¥

Z

.

DID YOU

KNOW

Sibawayh, the Persian scholar known as the “father of Arabic grammar”, said

the word !6 is the most definite word in Arabic. It is unlike any other word

and is linguistically impossible to make dual or plural.

DEFINITE-INDEFINITE SPECTRUM

I«

GOD

pronouns (

•

"

K&•

0

O

)

IYS +

noun

word with tanwīn ( SS

(

S )

:

"

$

9

THING

Pronunciation

1) Sun and Moon Letters

The lām ( YS ) of the definite article IYS assimilates to the following letter, which is

pronounced with a shadda (S

u

), in the case of the following letters:

6 ¬ ’ | # ¨ Ÿ - ® w ¯ ° . 3

The “Sun” Letters !M

-

,

-

CN

-

!"O

*

&

/

P

%

Q

*

3

]

"

†&#

(

¬

I±

U

†&#

*

+&_

"

E

(

¬

Ii2

U

&_

"

E

*

8

"

†

$

O

(

¬

Ii²

U

†

$

O

*

pronounced: an-nahāru

pronounced: as-sā‘atu

pronounced: ash-shahru

T

he remaining letters of the alphabet do not assimilate to the following letter when IYS

is added (can hear the lām being pronounced):

! ' ³ ´ µ a ¶ P · ¸ ƒ ¤Q \

Th

e “Moon” Letters !M

-

,

-

CN

-

!HR

$

&

$

,

%

S

*

3

!

"

;

$

O

(

¬

Iv

"

;

$

O

*

F

"

-ƒ

(

¬

I¢

"

-

$

ƒ

*

f

"

•

"

,

(

¬

IYSe

"

•

"

,

*

pronounced: al-’amru

pronounced: al-yawmu

pronounced: al-jabalu

42

DID YOU

KNOW

The word for “sun”, Ii²

U

K

$

¹

*

(ash-shams), embodies the rule for “sun” letters. The word for

“moon”, IY•

"

K

"

O

*

(al-qamar), embodies the rule for “moon” letters.

If you consider the . like stars, it disappears with the “sun” but shines through with the

“moon!”

2) Rules of alif

The alif of IYS is not pronounced when there is a word before it, e.g. º

"

‚¥

*

IYM

"

»

$

0

is

pronounced ṣalātul-`asr (not ṣalātu al-`asr). If the preceding word ends with a sukūn

( +

*

j

*

-3 ) then a temporary “helper” vowel is put on it, to allow joining it to the following

w

ord.

• The helper vowel is usually a B

"

¼

$

"

¥ ( SS

0

S )

e.g. Œ

"

?

$

IY•

"

K

"

O becomes _

"

?

0

IY•

"

K

"

O (pronounced: `anil-qamar

)

• Fo

r =

0

?

$

(meaning 'from'), when followed by IYS , however, the helper vowel is a

b

"

C

$

T

"

E ,

e.g. =

0

?

$

IY•

"

K

"

O becomes =

0

?

"

IY•

"

K

"

O (minal-qamar)

• For the pronoun `

*

J

$

and the attached pronouns S†

*

J SG

*

J SC

*

J (discussed further in

lesson 8), however, the helper vowel is a •

"

K

U

E ( SS

*

S ),

e.g. `

*

J

$

IiK

*

<

$

=

0

>

*

-3

"

becomes `

*

J

*

IiK

*

<

$

=

0

>

*

-3

"

(humul-mu’minūn)

43

LESSON 2 | GRAMMAR | EXERCISES

2A

: Arabic to English

Translate each word or phrase below into English.

TRANSLATION

ARABIC

TRANSLATION

ARABIC

A I±

U

†&#

0

11

Ii2

U

&_E

"

1

A ¢

"

$

}

"

E

[

12

+&_E

[

2

N

"

•

u

&

Z

13

4

"

5

$

7

[

3

#'

)

D

0

&½

"

~

š

14

Ih

"

5

$

7

4

!

"

Q

"

I;

0

O

*

A I±

U

†&#

0

15

D

*

5-6

[

5

¾

0

¿

"

9

[

16

!

"

8

$

†

*

O

[

6

Ii²

U

K

$

¹

*

Q

"

IY•

"

K

"

O

*

17

=

0

?

$

8

"

†

$

O

[

/

0

@ F

"

-

$

ƒ[

7

À

"

K

"

O

(

A ]

"

S†&#

[

18

/

0

1

$

2&3

(

A Ih

$

"

5

$

7

0

8

Ii}

U

5&£

$

Q

"

Iv

"

F

u

&ƒ

*

19

D

0

&iO

Á

+

*

,

0

9

!

*

;-#

(

Q

"

!

"

8

$

5&9

*

20

!

"

#

$

%&'

(

10

2B:

English to Arabic

Translate each word or phrase into Arabic.

ENGLISH

ARABIC

ENGLISH

ARABIC

1

the mountain and

the river

6

messengers to the

human being

2

a mountain and a

river

7

(some) hours

3

Zayd from the

mountain

8

with the things

4

Muhammad from

Makkah

9

the believers in

the night

5

from a believer

10

in a house

44

Note: switch your keyboard layout to Arabic for this exercise

LESSON 2 | GRAMMAR | ANSWER KEY

2A

: Arabic to English

Translate each word or phrase below.

TRANSLATION

ARABIC

TRANSLATION

ARABIC

in the daytime

A I±

U

†&#

0

11

the hour/the time

Ii2

U

&_E

"

1

in a night

A ¢

"

$

}

"

E

[

12

an hour/ a time

+&_E

[

2

truth

N

"

•

u

&

Z

13

a house

4

"

5

$

7

[

3

a lord with the truth

#'

)

D&½

"

~

š

14

the house

Ih

"

5

$

7

4

commands in the

daytime

!

"

Q

"

I;

0

O

*

A I±

U

†&#

0

15

[some] houses

D

*

5-6

[

5

with a thing

¾

0

¿

"

9

[

16

[some] months

!

"

8

$

†

*

O

[

6

the sun and the

moon

Ii²

U

K

$

¹

*

Q

"

IY•

"

K

"

O

*

17

from a month to a

day

=

0

?

$

8

"

†

$

O

[

/

0

@ F

"

-

$

ƒ[

7

a moon in daytime

À

"

K

"

O

(

A ]

"

S†&#

[

18

a person in the

house

/

0

1

$

2&3

(

A Ih

$

"

5

$

7

0

8

the nights and the

days

Ii}

U

5&£

$

Q

"

Iv

"

F

u

&ƒ

*

19

with the messengers

D

0

&iO

Á

+

*

,

0

9

affairs and things

!

*

;-#

(

Q

"

!

"

8

$

5&9

*

20

lords

!

"

#

$

%&'

(

10

2B:

English to Arabic

Translate each word or phrase into Arabic.

ENGLISH

ARABIC

ENGLISH

ARABIC

1

the mountain and

the river

IÂ

"

•

"

,

*

QI±

U

†

$

O

*

6

messengers to the

human being

#

*

+

*

,

(

/

0

@ I©

0

1

$

2&3

2

a mountain and a

river

f

"

•

"

,

(

Q

"

y

"

†

$

O

(

7

(some) hours

+&‹6

(

3

Zayd from the

mountain

¨

"

§

$

V

(

=

0

?

"

IYSe

"

•

"

,

0

8

with the things

D

0

&v

"

8

$

5&9

4

Muhammad from

Makkah

Ã

*

"

K

U

V

(

=

0

?

$

=

"

j

U

E

"

9

the believers in

the night

IiK

*

<

$

=

0

>

*

-3

"

A

0

Ii}

U

5

$

}

"

E

5

from a believer

=

0

?

$

;

*

<

$

=

0

?

[

10

in a house

A 4

"

5

$

7

[

45

46

LESSON 2 | MORPHOLOGY | PAST TENSE VERB ( !H0

%

K

/

T

-

!"&

$

'U

%

)

Types of Verbs

According to tense, verbs can be divided into past tense (the action has already taken place)

and the present tense (the action is being done or will be done). Verbs, like nouns, trace their

meaning to three original root letters. Extra letters are added to indicate more information

(i.e. who is doing the action). This lesson will focus on past tense verbs.

Past Tense ( !H<&'U

%

)

Past tense verbs are generally learned before the present tense because they are simpler in

form. The `

*

-

"

form of a verb is the simplest of all, generally consisting of only three letters, e.g.

’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

= “he studied”

All other past tense forms will add additional letters to the end of the word.

Often, the `

*

-

"

form of a verb is given as the equivalent of the English infinitive meaning, i.e. “to

study,” instead of the past tense, i.e. “he studied.” This is merely a convention to facilitate

memorization of verbs and their meaning. Always remember that a verb in the `

*

-

"

form, is

technically translated as “he.”

Conjugation

Every conjugated form of a verb corresponds to a given pronoun. Therefore, explicitly stating

pronouns is not needed. When it is used, it generally conveys the meaning of emphasis, e.g.

’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

= “he studied” 4

-

5

$

’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

= “he studied,” with emphasis on “he”

Th

e past tense will be covered as follows:

• Lesson 2 – 3

rd

Person

• Lesson 3 – 2

nd

Person

• Lesson 4 – 1

st

Person & Comprehensive Review

Mastering verb conjugation is essential for success in Arabic. Make sure to

allot a few minutes a day to reviewing the conjugation for ’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

. Your

confidence as a student of Arabic will increase when you are able to

conjugate a verb correctly and quickly.

47

LESSON 2 | MORPHOLOGY | EXERCISES

3

RD

PERSON ( !HV'+

%

W

-

)

2C: Fill in the Chart - X

$

F

$

Y

$

Write the translation for each word given in the chart, as shown below.

W

"

$

c

(

Plural

=

*

•

"

>

u

S‘

Z

Dual

=

*

n

$

O

"

’

(

Singular

`

*

J

$

(3)

’

"

#

"

+

*

-

$

I

_________________

`

*

K

"

&

(2)

’

"

#

"

+

"

&

_________________

`

*

-

"

(1)

’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

___h

e studied__

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IY“&•

0

H

*

Third person

`

*

?

U

(6)

’

"

#

"

+

$

?

"

_________________

`

*

K

"

&

(5)

’

"

#

"

+

"

C&

_________________

”

0

"

(4)

’

"

#

"

+7

$

_________________

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

2D:

Copy the Chart

Copy the above chart for practice.

W

"

$

c

(

Plural

=

*

•

"

>

u

S‘

Z

Dual

=

*

n

$

O

"

’

(

Singular

`

*

J

$

(3)

`

*

K

"

&

(2)

`

*

-

"

(1)

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IY“&•

0

H

*

Third person

`

*

?

U

(6)

`

*

K

"

&

(5)

”

0

"

(4)

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

48

select

2E: Translate

Translate the conjugation of ’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

as presented below.

TRANSLATION

!"&

$

'U

Z

/

&

%

!")

*

he studied

x

)

$

)

&

)

4

-

5

$

x

)

$

)

l]

4

-

&

$

'

)[

-

\

$

]

*

,(

x

)

$

)

l<!

4

-

7

/

x

)

$

)

l

)

Q

%

6%

$

x

)

$

)

l

)

X]

4

-

&'

)^

-

_

$

9

*

`(

x

)

$

)

l

%

;

)

4

-

>

*

2F: Conjugate - ]

$

;

$

W

$

Fill out the chart below by conjugating the verb and providing its translation.

TRANSLATION

!"&

$

'U

Z

/

&

%

!")

*

he wrote

4

-

5

$

4

-

&

$

'

)[

-

\

$

]

*

,(

B

"

C

"

•

*

-I

4

-

7

/

6%

$

4

-

&'

)^

-

_

$

9

*

`(

4

-

>

*

49

select

2G: Conjugate - E

$

&

%

a

$

Fill out the chart below by conjugating the verb and providing its translation.

TRANSLATION

!"&

$

'U

Z

/

&

%

!")

*

he heard

4

-

5

$

+

"

K

0

M

"

&

4

-

&

$

'

)[

-

\

$

]

*

,(

4

-

7

/

6%

$

4

-

&'

)^

-

_

$

9

*

`(

4

-

>

*

2H:

Conjugate -

b

$

;

$

c

$

Fill out the chart below by conjugating the verb and providing its translation.

TRANSLATION

!"&

$

'U

Z

/

&

%

!")

*

he opened

b

"

C

"

•

"

4

-

5

$

4

-

&

$

'

)[

-

\

$

]

*

,(

4

-

7

/

6%

$

4

-

&'

)^

-

_

$

9

*

`(

4

-

>

*

50

select

LESSON 2 | MORPHOLOGY | ANSWER KEY

2C:

Fill in the Chart - X

$

F

$

Y

$

Write the appropriate translation for each word given in the chart below as directed.

W

"

$

c

(

Plural

=

*

•

"

>

u

S‘

Z

Dual

=

*

n

$

O

"

’

(

Singular

`

*

J

$

(3)

’

"

#

"

+

*

-

$

I

they

(3+)

studied

`

*

K

"

&

(2)

’

"

#

"

+

"

&

they (2) studied

`

*

-

"

(1)

’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

he

studied

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IY“&•

0

H

*

Third person

`

*

?

U

(6)

’

"

#

"

+

$

?

"

they (3+, f)

studied

`

*

K

"

&

(5)

’

"

#

"

+

"

C&

they

(2, f)

studied

”

0

"

(4)

’

"

#

"

+7

$

sh

e studied

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

2D:

Copy the Chart

Copy the above chart for practice.

W

"

$

c

(

Plural

=

*

•

"

>

u

S‘

Z

Dual

=

*

n

$

O

"

’

(

Singular

`

*

J

$

(3)

’

"

#

"

+

*

-

$

I

they

(3+)

studied

`

*

K

"

&

(2)

’

"

#

"

+

"

&

they (2) studied

`

*

-

"

(1)

’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

he

studied

=

*

Š

"

B

U

O

(

Masculine

IY“&•

0

H

*

Third person

`

*

?

U

(6)

’

"

#

"

+

$

?

"

they (3+, f)

studied

`

*

K

"

&

(5)

’

"

#

"

+

"

C&

they

(2, f)

studied

”

0

"

(4)

’

"

#

"

+7

$

sh

e studied

;

*

<

"

]

U

•

(

Feminine

51

2E: Translate

Translate the conjugation of ’

"

#

"

Ÿ

"

as presented below.

TRANSLATION

!"&

$

'U

Z

/

&

%

!")

*

he studied

x

)

$

)

&

)

4

-

5

$

they (2) studied

x

)

$

)

l]

4

-

&

$

'

)[

-

\

$

]

*

,(

they (3+) studied

x

)

$

)

l

'

<

%

!

4

-

7

/

she studied

x

)

$

)

l

)

Q

%

6%

$

they (2, f) studied

x

)

$

)

l

)

X]

4

-

&'

)^

-

_

$

9

*

`(

they (3+, f) studied

x

)

$

)

l

%

;

)

4

-

>

*

2F: Conjugate - ]

$

;

$

W

$

Fill out the chart below by conjugating the verb and providing its translation.

TRANSLATION

!"&

$

'U

Z

/

&

%

!")

*

he wrote

B

"

C

"

H

"

4

-

5

$

they (2) wrote

B

"

C

"

•&

4

-

&

$

'

)[

-

\

$

]

*

,(

they (3+) wrote

B

"

C

"

•

*

-

$

I

4

-

7

/

she wrote

B

"

C

"

•

"

7

$

6%

$

they (2, f) wrote

B

"

C

"

Ä

"

C&

4

-

&'

)^

-

_

$

9

*

`(

they (3+, f) wrote

B

"

C

"

Å

$

"

4

-

>

*

52

2G: Conjugate - E

$

&

%

a

$

Fill out the chart below by conjugating the verb and providing its translation.

TRANSLATION

!"&

$

'U

Z

/

&

%

!")

*

he heard

+

"

K

0

c

"

4

-

5

$

they (2) heard

+

"

K

0

M

"

&

4

-

&

$

'

)[

-

\

$

]

*

,(

they (3+) heard

+

"

K

0

M

*

-

$

I

4

-

7

/

she heard

+

"

K

0

M

"

7

$

6%

$

they (2, f) heard

+

"

K

0

M

"

C&

4

-

&'

)^

-

_

$

9

*

`(

they (3+, f) heard

+

"

K

0

M

$

?

"

4

-

>

*

2H: C

onjugate -

b

$

;

$

c

$

Fill out the chart below by conjugating the verb and providing its translation.

TRANSLATION

!"&

$

'U

Z

/

&

%

!")

*

he opened

b

"

C

"

•

"

4

-

5

$

they (2) opened

b

"

C

"

T&

4

-

&

$

'

)[

-

\

$

]

*

,(

they (3+) opened

b

"

C

"

T

*

-

$

I

4

-

7

/

she opened

b

"

C

"

T

"

7

$

6%

$

they (2, f) opened

b

"

C

"

T

"

C&

4

-

&'

)^

-

_

$

9

*

`(

they (3+, f) opened

b

"

C

"

T

$

?

"

4

-

>

*

53

LESSON 2 | TEXT ANALYSIS

!?

*

@

A

!d

*

'e

%

– !f

A

gh

-

i

$

K

/

j

$

!"1

*

2

$

5!(

%

!k

%

l

/

,!4

%

Q

/

&

%

Q

*

3

%

Q

"

l

*

,

$

4

"

M

$

V

"

Iid

U

}

"

-I6

0

I©

0

D

$

OI`

0

5K

0

5

U

E

0

:

#

"

%

U

>

"

& sg

0

>

"

& A

0

Iˆ

Á

y

$

5

"

& N

"

2

"

>

"

E

Z

Q

"

Æ

0

IÇ‡

0

O

"

¥

0

N

"

2

"

>

"

E

Z

Q

"

l

0

>

"

& _

"

Š

"

I'

"

I±

U

&#

0

Q

"

l

0

>& _

"

ŠI'

"

IY•

"

È

$

0

Q

"

l

0

>&

_

"

ŠI'

"

IYST

"

É

$

0

Q

"

l

0

>& _

"

ŠI'

"

IiK

0

Ê

$

I3

0

.

!

"

Q

$

Ž

"

•

*

-.

*

:

Ii}†

*

J

U

/

0

¡

š

!

"

_

*

-|

*

D

0

Ë

"

=

0

?

$

_

"

ŠI'

0

f

"

†

"

>

U

J

"

Q

"

=

0

?

$

_

"

ŠI'

0

IY•

"

È

$

0

Q

"

=

0

?

$

L

0

C

$

>

"

E

0

IiK

"

T

$

5& Q

"

IiK

"

K&6

0

Q

"

=

0

?

$

Ì

"

š

L

0

C

$

>

"

E

0

IiK

"

2

0

5•

0

Iˆ

U

f

U

&.

0

54

LESSON 2 | TEXT ANALYSIS | VOCABULARY LIST

TRANSLATION

PLURAL

SINGULAR

gathering, resurrection

-

N

"

É

$

(

grave

À

*

•

*

-#

(

l

"

È

"

(

trial, tribulation

L

0

˜

"

(

L

0

C

$

>

"

E

(

scale

;

"

-I¨

0

§?

*

;

0

Ê

$

I3

(

TRANSLATION

VERB

grant us

sg

0

>&

protect us

l

0

>&

55

LESSON 2 | TEXT ANALYSIS | ANSWER KEY

!kl

/

,!4

%

Q

/

&

%

Q

*

3

%

!"1

*

25!(

%

i

$

K

/

j

$

!f

A

gh - !d

*

'e

%

!?

*

@

“The Second Text – The Supplication after the Abrahamic Prayers”

Q

"

l

*

,

$

4

"

M

$

V

"

Iid

U

}-I6

0

I©

0

D

$

OI`

0

5

$

K

0

5

U

E

0

:

And say after the Abrahamic Prayers:

#

"

%

U

>

"

&

sg

0

>

"

& A

0

Iˆ

Á

y

$

5

"

& N

"

2

"

>

"

E

Z

Q

"

Æ

0

IÇ‡

0

O

"

¥

0

N

"

2

"

>

"

E

Z

“O Our Lord, grant us in [this] world good, and in the hereafter good,

Q

"

l

0

>

"

&

_

"

Š

"

I'

"

I±

U

&#

0

Q

"

l

0

>& _

"

ŠI'

"

IY•

"

È

$

0

and protect us [from] the punishment of the fire, protect us [from] the punishment of the

grave

Q

"

l

0

>&

_

"

ŠI'

"

IYST

"

É

$

0

Q

"

l

0

>& _

"

ŠI'

"

IiK

0

Ê

$

I3

0

and protect us [from] the punishment of the gathering, and protect us [from] the

punishment of the scale.”

!

"

Q

$

Ž

"

•

*

-.

*

:

Ii}†

*

J

U

/

0

¡

š

!

"

_

*

-|

*

D

0

Ë

"

=

0

?

$

_

"

ŠI'

0

f

"

†

"

>

U

J

"

Or [one can] say: “O Allah, indeed I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hell-Fire,

Q

"

=

0

?

$

_

"

ŠI'

0

IY•

"

È

$

0

Q

"

=

0

?

$

L

0

C

$

>

"

E

0

IiK

"

T

$

5& Q

"

IiK

"

K&6

and from the punishment of the grave, and from the trial of life and death,

Q

"

=

0

?

$

Ì

"

š

L

0

C

$

>

"

E

0

IiK

"

2

0

5•

0

Iˆ

U

f

U

&.

0

and from the evil of the trial of the Anti-Christ.”

Quiz Reminder – Make sure to take any quizzes assigned for Lesson 2. Quiz links

are listed in the student resource portal on the Fawakih website and also sent

directly via email.

56

SCAN TO ACCESS LESSON 2 QUIZ

Iˆ

U

#

$

Ÿ

*

!ž

#

]E

2

Ÿ

'

ﻣ

َ

ﻦ

ْ

ﻃ

َ

ﻠ

َ

ﺐ

َ

اﻟﻌ

ُ

ﻼ ﺳ

َ

ﻬ

ِ

ﺮ

َ

اﻟﻠ

ﱠ

ﻴﺎﻟ

ِ

ﻲ

Whoever seeks loftiness will stay up at night.

~ Imām al-Shāfi‘ī

#

"

{

0

"

z

*

I«

*

57

LESSON 3 | VOCABULARY LIST

TRANSLATION

PLURAL

SINGULAR

sky; heavens (f.)

+

"

K

"

&QI6

(

+

"

K

"

&9

(

earth, land (f.)

!

"

#Iw

[

| Iv

"

#Iœ0

!

"

#

$

w

(

wind (f.)

#

0

§

"

&´

(

#

0

§

$

•

(

water

=

0

5

"

&Í

(

=

"

&9

(

fire (f.)

]

0

€I3

(

]&#

(

garden

f

"

>

U

&6

(

f

"

>

U

E

(

self, soul, person (f.)

y

*

n

*

-Ÿ

(

| !

"

y

$

n

*

¹

(

y

"

n

$

¹

(

heart

l

*

}-'

(

l

"

}

$

H

(

Subtleties of Arabic Vocabulary

Below are 3 words for garden with subtle differences.

LUSH

LARGE

GARDEN TYPE

f

"

>

U

&6

f

"

>

U

E

(rare)

¾

*

2

$

C&3

N

"

VI•~

N

"

V

0

Ž

$

•

"

E

58

LESSON 3 | GRAMMAR | GENDER ( !"&

-

\

$

]

*

, C

$

!"&

-

_

$

9

*

` )

Gender of Words

All nouns and adjectives ( !

"

+

$

K&9 ) in Arabic are either masculine ( =

*

Š

"

B

U

O ) or feminine ( ;

*

<

"

]

U

• ).

There is no neuter category, which corresponds to the English “it”, in Arabic. Every word is

assigned a gender. The “default” gender of a word is masculine. A word will usually be

considered feminine if it has a feminine ending.

DID YOU

KNOW

In Muslim belief, Allah is neither male nor female. Due to the limitations of

language, however, the word I« is treated as grammatically masculine. This

is also how He chose to refer to Himself in the Qur’ān.

Feminine Word Endings

Feminine words are normally recognized by their ending:

FEMININE ENDINGS

EXAMPLES

Ending in G (ta marbūṭa)

Note: Some words end in ¥ but are m

asculine.

This can be realized by looking at the meaning,

e.g.

;

*

2

$

}

0

K

"

E

(

= female Muslim

I

0

4

$

>

"

E

(

= daughter

B

"

•

0

€

$

"

¥

(

= big / great (f.)

N

"

2

"

>

"

E

(

= good / beautiful (f.)

‡

"

}

0

5

$

n

"

E

(

= caliph

{

"

$

Î

"

¥

*

= male name

_

"

‚=

"

E

(

= learned male scholar

Ending in m (alif maqṣūra)

3

= most beautiful (f.) N

*

2

$

Ï

Ð

B

*

È

$

"

Ñ = greatest (f.)

Ending in !h (alif mamdūda)

¨

"

`

$

OI9

*

= radiant (f.)

º

"

T

$

OI9

*

= desert

3

This is true when the alif maqsūra is additional to the three root letters.

4

Sometimes, a small alif will be written above the alif maqṣūra. Whether or not it is written, it is still pronounced.

59

Feminine by Convention (“because the Arabs said so!”): E

$

&'n

%

^

-

_

$

9

*

`

Some words are feminine without showing any obvious external sign of it. Sometimes, the

gender is clear from the meaning (e.g. !

*

ƒ

)

= mother), while other words must be learned via

category, or on a case-by-case basis.

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