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Laboratory Risk Assessment Tool
The Stanford Laboratory Risk Assessment Tool provides a framework for risk
assessment that maps onto the scientific method, melding with the process
researchers already use to answer scientific questions.
This tool allows researchers to systematically identify and control
hazards to reduce risk of injuries and incidents. Conduct a risk
assessment prior to conducting an experiment for the first time.
The risk assessment process involves rating the risk of the
experiment, from lowto unacceptablerisk. Consult with your
PI/supervisor and EH&S if your risk rating is “high” or “unacceptable
to redesign the experiment and/or implement additional controls to reduce
risk.
Procedure:
Lab Group:
Completed By: Date:
Identify your research question and approach. What question are you trying to answer? What
are you trying to measure or learn? What is your hypothesis? What approach or method will you use
to answer your question? Are there alternative approaches?
Research Question(s)
Approach(s) or Method
E
XPLORE
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Identify the general hazards (check all that apply). Perform background research to identify known risks of the
reagents, reactions, or processes. Review protocols, Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), and safety information for hazardous
chemicals, agents, or processes. Review accident histories within your laboratory/department and Lessons Learned at
Stanford or other institutions.
Hazardous Agents
Physical Hazards of Chemicals
Compressed gases
Cryogens
Explosives
Flammables
Organic peroxides
Oxidizers
Peroxide formers
Pyrophorics
Self-heating substances
Self-reactive substances
Substances which, in contact
with water, emit flammable
gases
Health Hazards of Chemicals
Acute toxicity
Carcinogens
Eye damage/irritation
Germ cell mutagens
Nanomaterials
Reproductive toxins
Respiratory or skin
sensitization
Simple asphyxiant
Skin corrosion/irritation
Specific target organ toxicity
Hazards not otherwise
classified
Ionizing Radiation
Irradiator
Radionuclide
Radionuclide sealed
source
X-ray machine
Non-Ionizing Radiation
Lasers, Class 3 or 4
Lasers, Class 2
Magnetic fields (e.g.,
NMR, MRI)
RF/microwaves
UV lamps
Biohazards
BSL-2 Biological agents
BSL-3 Biological agents
Human cells, blood, BBP
NHPs/cells/blood
Non-exempt rDNA
Animal field work
High risk animals (RC1)
Other (list):
Hazardous Conditions or Processes
Reaction Hazards
Explosive
Exothermic, with potential for fire,
excessive heat, or runaway reaction
Endothermic, with potential for freezing
solvents decreased solubility or
heterogeneous mixtures
Gases produced
Hazardous reaction
intermediates/products
Hazardous side reactions
Generation of air contaminants
(gases, aerosols, or
particulates)
Heating chemicals
Large mass or volume
Pressure > atmospheric
Pressure < atmospheric
Scale-up of reaction
Other Hazards
Hand/power tools
Moving equipment/parts
Electrical
Noise > 80 dBA
Heat/hot surfaces
Ergonomic hazards
Needles/sharps
Other (list):
General Hazards
Equipment Hazards
Unguarded moving parts
Cranes/lifts/hoists
Ladders
Energized equipment
De-energized equipment
High voltage (>50 volts)
DC equipment (>800 Amperes)
Maintenance/Modification of
electrical equipment
Robotics
Home-built equipment
Soldering
Lithium batteries
Pressure or vacuum vessels
Repetitive motion
Contact stress
Cold environment
Awkward postures
Lifting
>30 pounds
Awkward lifts (e.g., poor grip,
long distance, uneven weight
distribution)
Vibration
Personal risk factors
Strenuous physical activity
Site Hazards
Confined spaces
Slippery surfaces
Working at elevated locations
Oxygen deficiency potential
Slip/trip/fall
Other Hazards
Mental demands (e.g., long days, high
stress environment, language
barriers)
Lack of experience
Other (list):
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Outline the Procedure. List the steps or tasks for your procedure and the hazard/potential
consequences of each. Include set-up and clean-up steps or tasks. Define the hazard controls to
minimize the risk of each step using the hierarchy of controls starting with the most effective (i.e.,
elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment). List the
hazard control measure you would use for each step or task (e.g., run at a micro scale, work in a fume hood, wear face
shield and goggles).
A hierarchy of controls should be applied
starting with the most effective controls (i.e.,
elimination and substitution) at the top of the
graphic and moving down. While personal
protective equipment (PPE) should always be
used, it should be considered the last line of
defense from potential hazards.
1
For guidance on selection of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE), use Stanford’s
Laboratory PPE
Assessment Tool.
2
For guidance on selection of chemical-resistant
gloves, see
Stanford’s Laboratory Chemical Glove
Selection Guide.
Field Hazards
*may also use sections above (as needed) for specific tasks/processes
Environmental Hazards
Inclement weather
Temperature extremes
Sun exposure
Darkness/low light
Altitude
Smoke/dust
Fire
Animals/insects
Plants/allergens
Hygiene/water-borne and
food-borne illness
Vector-borne or other
endemic diseases (list):
Site Hazards
Uneven/slippery surfaces
Snow/ice
Slide Hazards
(mudslide/avalanche)
Heights/drop-offs
Falling objects
Tight spaces/overhangs
Boating/swimming/water
hazards (waves, tides, current,
depth)
Navigation challenges
Limited communication
Remote area/limited medical
services
Personal Security
Crime/theft
Risk of
harassment/violence
US State Department
active travel alert
Traveling alone
Entering personal
residences
Unfamiliar with area
(roads,
neighborhoods,
terrain, etc.)
Unfamiliar with local
customs/cultural
norms
Task/Equipment Hazards
Driving/vehicle
operation/traffic
Drone use
Lifting/carrying
Digging/trenching
Hand tools/power tools
Sharp objects
Loud noises
Strenuous physical activity
Mental demands (e.g., long
days, high stress
environment, language
barriers)
Other (list):
P
LAN
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Outline the Procedure.
Steps or Tasks Hazard Hazard Control Measure(s)
PLAN
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Select the appropriate PPE and safety supplies for the procedure (check all that apply).
Laboratory PPE/Safety Supplies
Appropriate street clothing (long pants, closed-toed shoes)
Gloves; indicate type: ________________________
Safety glasses
Safety goggles
Face shield and googles
Lab coat
Flame-resistant lab coat
Other (list):
Fire extinguisher
Eyewash/safety shower
First aid kit
Spill kit
Specialized medical supplies (e.g., calcium gluconate for
hydrofluoric acid)
General Safety Supplies
Proper clothing (long pants, long sleeve shirt, warm layers,
rain/wind protection, sun protection, hat etc.)
Proper footwear (list): _________________________
Communication device
Eye protection (safety glasses and/or sunglasses)
Work gloves
Hardhat
Hearing protection
First aid kit
Map (and GPS)
Sunscreen
Anti-animal devices (e.g., bear bell, whistle, bear
canister)
Personal floatation device
Fall protection
Road flares
Safety vests
Extra food, water/water treatment method
Personal medications
Other (list all):
Identify the appropriate training (check all that apply). Identify the general safety and procedure
based/specific training appropriate for your procedure.
General Safety
General Safety
General Safety & Emergency Preparedness
(EHS-4200)
Laboratory Ergonomics (EHS-4800)
Confined Space Entry or Awareness (EHS-
2300 or EHS-2450)
Electrical Safety Awareness (EHS-2800)
Fire Extinguisher Use in Labs (EHS-3825)
Chemical Safety
Chemical Safety for Laboratories (EHS-1900)
Compressed Gas Safety (EHS-2200)
Cryogenic Liquids and Dry Ice Safety
(EHS-2480):
Radiation Safety
Radiation Safety and Radiation Safety
Hands-On (EHS-5250 and 5251)
Radiation Safety SAIF (Small Animal Imaging
Facility) (EHS-5255)
Sealed Sources, Non-Irradiator (EHS-5265)
Research Cabinet X-ray or Irradiator (EHS-
1755) and Refresher (EHS-1756)
Irradiator Security Training (EHS-4780) and
Refresher (EHS-4781)
Laser Safety (EHS-4820) and Refresher
(EHS- 4821)
Biosafety
Biosafety (EHS-1500)
Bloodborne Pathogens (EHS-
1600) and Refresher (EHS-
1601)
Field Safety
CPR
Wilderness First Aid
SCUBA certification/diving
safety
Driving safety
Other (list):
Procedure Based/Job Specific Training
Lab/job-specific training
Lab SOP(s) to review (list):
Emergency plans or field evacuation plans
Equipment SOP(s) to review (list):
Other (list):
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Question your methods. What have you missed and who can advise you? Challenge your hazard
control measures by asking “What if…?” questions. “What if” questions should challenge you to
find the gaps in your knowledge or logic. Factors to consider are human error, equipment failures, and deviations
from the planned/expected parameters (e.g., temperature, pressure, time, flow rate, and scale/concentration).
Assign a risk rating to the
experiment. Based on your
procedure outline and the what if
analysis, determine the risk rating
for the experiment or procedure.
Risk Rating: ___ __________
Revise plan if the risk rating is too high.
Are these risks acceptable? Use the table
below to determine the action to take
based on the risk rating. What are the
highest risk steps? What more can you do
to control the risks? Return to planning
and use the hierarchy of controls to design
a safer experiment.
PI/Supervisor Approval: ________________________________________________________
*Signature required for High risk ratings.
NOTE: Unacceptable risk rating experiments may not proceed. Introduce further controls to reduce risk.
What If Analysis
What if…? Examples: there is a loss of cooling? …valves/stopcocks are left open/closed? …there is unexpected over-pressurization?
…a spill occurs? …the laser is misaligned? …weather conditions change?
Then…there may be a runaway reaction. …there may be an unexpected splash potential. …the reaction vessel may fail. …there
may be a dermal exposure. …there may be an eye injury. routes may be inaccessible.
What if…?
Then…
What if…?
Then…
What if…?
Then…
Risk Rating Table
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Severity of Consequences - Personnel Safety
No
Injuries
Minor
Moderate to
life impacting
Life threatening
from single
exposure
Likelihood of
Occurrence
(Almost) Certain Low High* Unacceptable* Unacceptable*
Likely Low Medium High* Unacceptable*
Possible Low Medium High* High*
Rare Low Low Medium High*
Risk Rating Action Table
Hazard Risk
Rating
Action
Unacceptable*
STOP! Additional controls needed to reduce risk. Consult
with PI and EH&S (650-723-0448).
High*
Additional controls recommended to reduce risk. Consult
with PI and EH&S (650-723-0448).
Medium
Ensure you are following best practices. Consult with peers,
PI, or EH&S, as needed.
Low
Perform work within controls.
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The Risk Rating is subjective. The primary goal is for researchers to pause, think about risk, and differentiate
unacceptable and high-level risk steps from those with a lower level risk. This will help drive additional
consultation and control measures where needed.
CHALLENGE
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Perform a trial run. How you can test your experimental design? Can you do a dry run of the procedure
without hazardous chemicals/reagents/gases to familiarize yourself with equipment and demonstrate your ability
to manipulate the experimental apparatus? Can you run the procedure with a less hazardous material? Can you
test your experimental design at a smaller scale? If your procedure requires multiple people, would a table top
exercise be useful?
Trial Run
Trial Run Procedure:
Did the trial go as expected? Yes
No
Experimental design changes needed (if any):
Perform and evaluate. Run your procedure using the appropriate controls you’ve identified.
Evaluate controls and hazards as you work. Critique the controls and process you used by
answering the following questions. If changes to controls are needed, update your risk assessment tool and re-
evaluate any time you revise your process (e.g., changes in scale, reagent, equipment, or conditions that might
increase the hazard/risk). Share your assessment with your PI/colleagues for the next iteration of the experiment.
Evaluate Your Procedure
What went well?
Did the controls perform as expected?
Did anything unexpected occur?
Did a hazard manifest itself that was not previously identified?
Were there any close-calls or near misses that indicate areas of needed improvement?
Did something go exceptionally well that others could learn from?
I plan to evolve my procedure by...
A
SSESS