Counseling—DietandExercise
Behavioraldietarycounselinginpatientswithhyperlipidemia,risksforCHDandotherdie
‐related
chronicdisease
Regularphysicalactivity(atleast30minutesperdaymostdaysoftheweek)
Intensivecounseling/behavioralinterventionsforobesepatients
AAA = abdominal aortic aneurysm; BRCA = breast cancer susceptibility gene; CHD = coronary heart disease.
* Based on recommendations from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
KeyPoints
TheU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForcerecommendsroutineperiodicscreeningforhypertension,
obesity,dyslipidemia(men≥35years),osteoporosis(women≥65years),abdominalaorticaneurysm
(one‐time‐screening),depression,andHIVinfection.
TheU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForcerecommendsroutineperiodicscreeningforcolorectalcancer
(persons50‐74yearsofage),breastcancer(women≥40years),andcervicalcancer.
TheU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForcerecommendsthatallpregnantwomenbescreenedfor
asymptomaticbacteriuria,iron‐deficiencyanemia,hepatitisBvirus,andsyphilis.
TheU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForcerecommendsagainstscreeningforhemochromatosis;carotid
arterystenosis;coronaryarterydisease;herpessimplexvirus;ortesticular,ovarian,pancreatic,or
bladdercancer.
Outsideofprenatal,preconception,andnewborncare,genetictestingshouldnotbeperformedin
unselectedpopulationsbecauseoflowerclinicalvalidity;potentialforfalsepositives;andpotentialfor
harm,including“geneticlabeling.”
Forpatientsforwhomgenetictestingmaybeappropriate,referralforgeneticcounselingshouldbe
providedbeforeandaftertesting.
Ahumanpapillomavirusvaccineseriesisindicatedinfemalesages9through26years,regardlessof
sexualactivity,forpreventionofcervicalcancer.
Asingledoseoftetanus‐diphtheria–acellularpertussis(Tdap)vaccineshouldbegiventoadultsages19
through64yearstoreplacethenexttetanus‐diphtheriatoxoid(Td)booster.
Azoster(shingles)vaccineisgiventoallpatients60yearsandolderregardlessofhistoryofprior
shinglesorvaricellainfection.
Asymptomaticadultswhoplantobephysicallyactiveattherecommendedlevelsdonotneedto
consultwithaphysicianpriortobeginningexerciseunlesstheyhaveaspecificmedicalquestion.
Smokingstatusshouldbedeterminedforallpatients.
Patientswhowanttoquitsmokingshouldbeofferedpharmacologictherapyinadditiontocounseling,
includingtelephonequitlines.
Routinescreeningisrecommendedtoidentifypersonswhosealcoholuseputsthematrisk.
Formanagementofalcoholabuseanddependence,referralforspecialtytreatmentisrecommended;
formanagementofalcoholmisuse,briefbehavioralcounselingmaybeuseful.