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Administrative Services  Division of Fire Safety

Hazardous Materials Response  Massachusetts Firefighting Academy

CHARLES D. BAKER

GOVERNOR

KARYN E. POLITO

LT. GOVERNOR

DANIEL BENNETT

SECRETARY

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Executive Office of Public Safety and Security

Department of Fire Services

P.O. Box 1025 State Road

Stow, Massachusetts 01775

(978) 5673100 Fax: (978) 5673121

www.mass.gov/dfs

PETER J. OSTROSKEY

STATE FIRE MARSHAL

To: Heads of Fire Departments

From: Peter J. Ostroskey, State Fire Marshal

Date: January 1, 2017

RE: Keep Warm, Keep Safe Public Awareness Campaign

Together, we have been promoting a group of winter fire safety messages under the Keep

Warm, Keep Safe campaign that have reduced winter heating fires by 46% since 2007.

The messages come in the fall as people are getting their homes ready for winter, and then

again when the cold weather really hits.

Media Campaign

Starting in January and running into February, the Department of Fire Services (DFS) will

be supporting local fire department community education efforts with transit ads and

television and radio public service announcements. These will reinforce local messages as

they have in past years.

Toolkit for Fire Departments

There is a Keep Warm Keep Safe campaign toolkit for local fire departments on the DFS

website: www.mass.gov/KeepWarmKeepSafe and click on Toolkit. It includes:

 A new customizable local press release;

 An op-ed to submit to your local paper;

 The television PSA;

 An English/Spanish bi-lingual handout (available in quantity from Health Promotion

Clearinghouse http://massclearinghouse.ehs.state.ma.us/OX/FR4504.html );

 A KWKS handout in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Vietnamese, Russian, Chinese, Haitian

Creole;

 Links to DFS pamphlets and FireFactors on winter heating, general fire safety and CO

poison prevention;

 An updated PowerPoint™ presentation for use at local events;

 The KWKS logo;

 Referral information for fuel and heating system maintenance assistance.

Administrative Services  Division of Fire Safety

Hazardous Materials Response  Massachusetts Firefighting Academy

CHARLES D. BAKER

GOVERNOR

KARYN E. POLITO

LT. GOVERNOR

DANIEL BENNETT

SECRETARY

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts

Executive Office of Public Safety and Security

Department of Fire Services

P.O. Box 1025 State Road

Stow, Massachusetts 01775

(978) 5673100 Fax: (978) 5673121

www.mass.gov/dfs

PETER J. OSTROSKEY

STATE FIRE MARSHAL

MEMORANDUM

To: Heads of Fire Department

From: Peter J. Ostroskey

State Fire Marshal

Date: January 1, 2017

RE: Massachusetts Firefighter Service Award Nominations

______________________________________________________________________________

The Massachusetts Fire Service Commission and the Department of Fire Services would like to

thank the Fire Service Community for their participation in the Massachusetts Firefighter Service

Award Program. This award is available to any Massachusetts firefighter who has served for any

period of time totaling 20 or more years, in five year increments, i.e., (20, 25, 30, etc.). This

length-of-service award is available to call, career and volunteer members of your department

who meet the applicable criteria for their respective award. Enclosed please find the Firefighter

Service Award Package, which includes the following:

1. Nomination form

2. Appeal for reconsideration form

3. Criteria for nomination of call, career or volunteer firefighters;

4. Order form from V.H. Blackinton & Co., Inc. for insignia (order direct from your local

dealer).

The nomination forms should be filled out and returned to Justine Lambert, c/o the Department

of Fire Services, PO Box 1025, State Road, Stow, MA 01775. Upon review and acceptance of

your nomination form, a certificate in the name of the nominee will be returned to you so that you

may sign and award it, along with the service pin (ordered at your cost directly from your local

Blackinton dealer) to the nominee.

This award will be signed by the Chairman of the Fire Service Commission as well as the State

Fire Marshal. It is our suggestion that the service pin be worn on the right side of the uniform,

above the pocket flap on the dress uniform shirt, and in the corresponding location on the dress

blouse or uniform jacket.

In closing, we would like to thank you in advance for your cooperation in ensuring the success of

this very worthwhile recognition award.

If you have any general questions involving this award, please contact Justine Lambert at

(978) 567-3722, as all forms and certificates will be processed by the Department of Fire

Services.

Recipients can be viewed on our website at http://mfa.chs.state.ma.us/mfsa/search.asp

Massachusetts Firefighter Service Award

Nomination Form

(Please print or type)

Name of Fire Department

Head of Fire Department

Name of Nominee

Rank First Name Middle Initial Last Name

Nominated for: (check one)

 Massachusetts Call Firefighter Service Award

 Massachusetts Career Firefighter Service Award

 Massachusetts Volunteer Firefighter Service Award

Total Years of Service years

All nominees must have 20 or more years of service in Massachusetts or out-of-state (given in five-year increments)

Date requested on Award

I, as head of the

Fire Department hereby certify that the above named individual is a member in

good standing and is qualified by virtue of length of service as provided for in the

Massachusetts Firefighter Service Award Criteria.

Date Signature

 Please reproduce this blank form and use one form for each nominee.

 Please send completed form to:

Justine Lambert, Department of Fire Services, PO Box 1025, State Road, Stow, MA 01775

or Fax to (978) 567-3121

Appeal for Reconsideration

I, ________________________, a firefighter on the____________________ Fire

Department hereby appeal the decision of___________________________, head of

the department, in failing to submit my name as nominee for the Massachusetts

Firefighter Service Award based upon ____ years of service as a  Call,  Career,

 Volunteer, Massachusetts firefighter (attach statement as necessary).

_________________________ _______________________________

Date Firefighter

I, _________________________, head of the ______________________________Fire

Department certify that I have reviewed the criteria for the Massachusetts

Firefighter Service Award and in my opinion the above named firefighter is not

qualified based upon years of service for the following reason(s):

________________________________________________________________________

_________________ ______________________________

Date Head of Fire Department

Please submit this form along with any attachments to Justine Lambert, Department of Fire

Services, PO Box 1025, State Road, Stow, MA 01775

Note: Reconsideration for denial of the Massachusetts Firefighter Service Award is limited

solely to issues of length or service as provided in the criteria for respective award, i.e., call,

career or volunteer.

Criteria for

Massachusetts Firefighter Service Award

Below is the criteria to be applied by the head of the fire department wishing to nominate

any firefighter (call, career, volunteer) for a length of service award. Please review all

criteria carefully before submitting nomination for consideration. All nominees must

have 20 or more years of service in Massachusetts or out-of-state (given in five-year

increments) and be a member in good standing as a call, career or volunteer firefighter.

Massachusetts Call Firefighter Award

Service may include:

 Call firefighter service in one or more departments.

 Prior service as a volunteer or career firefighter in the same or any other

department.

Massachusetts Career Firefighter Award

Service may include:

 Prior service as volunteer or call firefighter in the same department.

 Prior service as a career firefighter in any other fire department.

Massachusetts Volunteer Firefighter Award

Service may include:

 Volunteer or call firefighter service in one or more department(s).

 Prior service as a call or career firefighter in the same or any other department.

This length of service award may not include years served as an auxiliary or military

firefighter and is applicable only to active Massachusetts firefighters. All information

used in applying the above criteria is subject to verification and approval by the current

head of the fire department. Any firefighter aggrieved by the decision of the chief may

submit may submit an appeal for reconsideration form.

Note: No person convicted of any felony crime in any state or under the laws of any

country shall be eligible for the Massachusetts Firefighter Service Award.

SENDORDERTO:

STATE,ZIP: STATE,ZIP:

$19.00

DIE# YRS FINISH QTY DIE# YRS QTY DIE# YRS FINISH QTY

A9846H 5 GOLD A9847J 5 A9848 20 GOLD

5 SILVER 5 20 SILVER

A9846 20 GOLD A9847G 10 A9848A 25 GOLD

20 SILVER 10 25 SILVER

A9846A 25 GOLD A9847H 15 A9848B 30 GOLD

25 SILVER 15 30 SILVER

A9846B 30 GOLD A9847 20 A9848C 35 GOLD

30 SILVER 20 35 SILVER

A9846C 35 GOLD A9847A 25 A9848D 40 GOLD

35 SILVER 25 40 SILVER

A9846D 40 GOLD A9847B 30 A9848E 45 GOLD

40 SILVER 30 45 SILVER

A9846E 45 GOLD A9847C 35 A9848F 50 GOLD

45 SILVER 35 50 SILVER

A9846F 50 GOLD A9847D 40

50 SILVER 40

A9847E 45

A9847F 50

TOTALQUANTITY:

PricingeffectivethroughDecember31,2017

TOTALCOST:

MASSACHUSETTS

AllordersmustbeforwardedtoaparticipatingAuthorizedBlackinton®DealerONLY.

ORDERFROM:

FIREDEPT.:

Participating DEALER:

STREET:

TOWN/CITY:

GOLD

FORDEALERUSEONLY

SHIPTO:

VolunteerFirefighterAward

MASSACHUSETTS

FINISH

MASSACHUSETTS

CareerFirefighterAward

FORDEALERUSEONLY

STREET:

2017PricePerAward=

(PlusShipping)

TELEPHONE#:

SILVER

GOLD

SILVER

GOLD

SILVER

GOLD

SILVER

GOLD

TOTALQTY:

SUBTOTAL:

TOWN/CITY:

DEPT.P.O.#:P.O.#:

SILVER

GOLD

CallFirefighterAward

BILLTO:

(BLACKINTON®DEALER#)

GOLD

GOLD

SILVER

TOTALQTY:

SUBTOTAL:

TOTALQTY:

SUBTOTAL:

GOLD

SILVER

Massachusetts FirefighterAwardForm

$0.00

Registration

Application and mail to: Registrar, Massachusetts Firefighting Academy, P.O. Box 1025, State Road, Stow, MA 01775 or fax it

to: (978) 567-3229. To register by email, please scan and email applications to mfa.registration@state.ma.us.

Department of Fire Services

Massachusetts Firefighting Academy

NIGHTCLUB FIRE SAFETY

This class is designed to deliver an overview of nightclub fire safety laws and

regulations to fire officials and inspectors, building commissioners and

inspectors, nightclub owners and operators, Massachusetts ABCC officials,

and nightclub crowd managers. The focal point of the training will be to

provide a better understanding of what type of conditions to look for when

conducting an inspection, a clearer picture of how code violations impact

nightclubs and similar regulated venues, and insight on how to reduce or

eliminate violations, with the main focus on occupant safety. Through the use

of lecture, case studies, exercises, and a knowledge assessment, the attendees

will build upon their basic knowledge of the safety codes to develop a more

thorough understanding of the specific risks associated with these special

occupancies and the steps necessary to properly conduct inspections.

Please share this flyer with, and invite the building officials and nightclub owners,

operators and crowd managers from your jurisdiction to register and attend.

This training is supported by federally awarded Assistance to Firefighters Grant Program - Fire

Prevention and Safety Grant funds under award number EMW-2014-FP-00247.

Course Code

200-023-960-2016-SP-B

Date: January 05, 2017

Time: 0800-1600

Location: Massachusetts Firefighting Academy, Link 105

One State Road, Stow, MA

Course Code:

200-023-960-2016-SP-C

Date: January 11, 2017

Time: 0800-1600

Location: Bourne Fire Dept., Sagamore Station

51 Meetinghouse Lane, Bourne

Course Code: 200-023-960-2016-SP-A

Date: January 19, 2017

Time: 0800-1600

Location: Department of Fire Services, Rm. 119

100 Grochmal Avenue, Springfield, MA

Course Code:

200-023-960-2016-SP-D

Date: January 24, 2017

Time: 0800-1600

Location: Andover Fire Dept.

32 Main Street, Andover

Department of Fire Services

Massachusetts Firefighting Academy

Notes:

This course consists of

eight (8) hours of

instructor-led classroom

training. Program

materials will be provided.

Prerequisite: There are no

prerequisites to take this

course.

Credits

FCC = TBD

FPO = TBD

OEMS = 0

December 19, 2016

The courses listed below are available at the time this calendar is created. The Massachusetts Firefighting Academy is constantly updating

our offerings and you should check the

date, it may have been removed due to an overwhelming amount of applications or registration has been closed.

MFA Course Calendar • January 2017

~ January 2017 ~

Sun

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

NIghtclub Fire Safety

ICS for Structure Collapse

Commanding &

Controlling the

Mayday

-Day 1

High Voltage Emergency

Awareness

NFA Campus Fire &

Life Safety I

NIghtclub Fire Safety

Protective Breathing

Search &

Rescue

CO Fundamentals of Transitional

Fire Attack

Surface Ice Rescue

Real World Approach to ICS

Nightclub Fire Safety

Public Fire & Life Safety Educator

NIghtclub Fire Safety

HazMat OLR 8

-hour Refresher

Company Officer I

HazMat OLR 8

-hour Refresher

Commanding & Controlling the

Mayday

-Day 1

Surface Ice Rescue

HazMat OLR 8

-hour Refresher

Company Officer I

December 19, 2016

The courses listed below are available at the time this calendar is created. The Massachusetts Firefighting Academy is constantly updating

our offerings and you should check the

date, it may have been removed due to an overwhelming amount of applications or registration has been closed.

MFA Course Calendar • February 2017

~ February 2017 ~

Sun

Mon

Tue

Wed

Thu

Fri

Sat

HazMat OLR 4

-hour Refresher

Surface Ice Rescue

HazMat OLR 8

-hour Refresher

HazMat OLR 4

-hour Refresher

ICS for Structure Collapse

NFA Campus Fire & Life Safety

II: Pub Ed

HazMat OLR 4

-hour Refresher

Surface Ice Rescue

Aerial Ladders

Firefighter Survival Skills SOS

HazMat OLR 8

-hour Refresher

Fire Instructor I

Advanced Structural

Firefighting Practices

ICS for Structure Collapse

HazMat Technician

Fire SaFety

2/16

DEPARTMENT OF FIRE SERVICES

Division of Fire Safety

978-567-3380 • www.mass.gov/dfs

DEPARTMENT OF FIRE SERVICES

Peter J. Ostroskey • State Fire Marshal

• Make a home escape plan

• Test smoke alarms

• Purchase and install carbon

monoxide detectors

• When you change your clocks,

change your smoke alarm batteries

• Use cold water to cool a burn

• Don’t overload outlets or power strips

• Store ammable liquids outdoors in

approved containers

• Never use gasoline to start a re

• Leave reworks to the professionals

• Teach children that matches and

lighters are tools, not toys

• Keep space heaters 3 feet away from

things that can burn

• Never leave candles burning

unattended

Quick Fire Safety Tips

Calendar of Fire Safety

“PRACTICE FIRE SAFETY EVERY DAY”

MAY

• Electrical Safety Month

• Replace worn, cracked cords

• Don’t overload

outlets or

power strips

FEBRUARY

• Burn Awareness Week

• Keep water heaters set below

130 degrees F.

• Be careful with hot liquids

• Treat burns

with cool water

OCTOBER

• Fire Prevention Month

• Test smoke alarms monthly

• Be safe at night on Halloween

• Use battery operated candles.

MARCH

• When you change your clocks,

change your smoke alarm

batteries

• Test smoke alarms monthly

• Vacuum dust from alarms

monthly

• Replace smoke

alarms after

10 years.

JULY

• Leave reworks to the

professionals

• If your car overheats don’t open

the radiator cap until it cools;

then use a rag to open it slowly

• When fueling your vehicle shut

off the engine

NOVEMBER

• Keep space heaters 3 feet

away from things that will burn

• Avoid using

extension

cords with

heaters

• Dispose of ashes

in metal cans

with lids

APRIL

• Spring Cleaning Time

• Conduct a hunt for home

hazards

• Store ammable liquids

outdoors in approved

containers

• Keep combustibles

away from heat or

ame

AUGUST

• Keep all matches and lighters

away from children

• Teach children that matches

and lighters are tools not toys

• Smoke outdoors.

Put it out. All the way.

Every time.

DECEMBER

• Keep Christmas trees away

from heat and open ames

• Never leave candles burning

unattended

• Keep off the ice

on ponds

and streams

JANUARY

• Make a home escape plan

• Know two (2) ways out of

each room

• Practice exit drills during the

day and at night

• Have a family meeting

place outside

JUNE

• Keep barbecue grills at least

10 feet away from the house

• Never use gasoline to

start a re

• Allow lawn

mowers to

cool before

refueling

SEPTEMBER

• Have your heating appliances

serviced

• Have chimneys

inspected & cleaned

• Purchase and

install carbon

monoxide detectors

Department of Fire Services

PREVENT

BURNS!

Always turn off

an iron when it’s

unattended.

Stay away from burner

or ame. Don’t wear

loose clothing near re.

Don’t let

appliance cords

dangle where

children can

reach them.

Keep children away from

stoves, outdoor grills,

campres, and replaces.

Lock up dangerous

items. Keep out of

children’s reach.

Fire kills. Fire can

hurt for life.

Keep hot liquids

out of reach of

children.

Turn down water

heater to less

than 130°. Higher

temperatures can

cause third degree

burns (the worst) in

two seconds!

FIRST DEGREE: Epidermis (top layer

of skin) is damaged. Skin is red and

may swell. Victim feels pressure and

pain.

SECOND

DEGREE:

Epidermis and

dermis (second

layer of skin)

damaged.

Blistering may

occur.

THIRD DEGREE:

Epidermis, dermis,

and nerve endings

destroyed. Victim

may or may not

feel pain. Skin is discolored (white,

brown, black or red) and leathery in

texture. Muscle, fat, and bone may also

be destroyed.

KINDS

OF BURNS

Protect your skin

from the sun. Use

tanning products

with a high SPF

rating.

Never smoke in bed.

Never use gasoline to

start a re. Use starter

uid with care.

Turn pot handles

toward the back of

the stove.

FIRST AID

FOR BURNS

Cool burn area

with cool water.

Continuously ush

a chemical burn.

Never put

grease, butter,

or ointment on

a burn.

Don’t remove

clothing from the

burn.

Cover burn

with clean

sheet or

towel.

Call 911

immediately.

Remove victim

from area of

danger.

Stop, drop and roll!

BURN

SAFETY

Reprinted with permission from:

The Burn Center

Hennepin County Medical Center

701 Park Avenue

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415

612-873-3000

Ofce of the State Fire Marshal

Department of Fire Services

P.O. Box 1025

Stow, MA 01775

www.mass.gov/dfs

12/08

Please contact the Burn Center for permission to

reproduce any part of this brocure.

National Burn

Awareness Week

February 5 - 11, 2017

12/16

FireFactors

Ofce of the State Fire Marshal • www.mass.gov/dfs • (978) 567-3380

Hot Beverages

• Put coffee down when you hold a baby. A wiggling baby can jiggle your

arm and spill the drink all over himself.

• Put drinks and soups toward the center of the table away from curious

ngers. Babies like to grab things.

• Consider replacing tablecloths with place mats to prevent children from

pulling everything on the table onto themselves.

• Hot beverages caused almost one-quarter of the burns to children under

age ve.

• Seventy percent (74%) of people burned by hot beverages were under ve.

Tap Water

• It takes only one second for water at 155˚F to cause a third degree burn.

• Set your hot water heater to temperatures of 125˚F or less.

(Massachusetts law states that the temperature must be between

110˚F and 130˚F.)

• Always supervise young children in the bath and face them away from

faucets. Babies and toddlers like playing with knobs and levers. They

may turn on the hot water when you turn your back.

Cooking

• Turn pot handles inward.

• Establish and enforce a NO zone around the stove. Do not let children

play near a stove or barbecue. This protects children from cooking liquids,

grease and hot metal.

• Children under age ve are over 5 times more likely to be burned by

cooking activities than others.

• Twenty-nine percent (29%) of all cooking-related burns were suffered by

children under ve years old.

Statistics obtained from the 2014 Annual Report of the Massachusetts Burn Injury Reporting System.

Hot Liquids

Burn Like Fire

Scalds caused 88% of all burns to children under ve.

2/16

Fire Data and Public Education Unit

978-567-3380 • www.mass.gov/dfs

DEPARTMENT OF FIRE SERVICES

Peter J. Ostroskey • State Fire Marshal

Ice and

Cold Water

Safety

HELPHuddle

• Get into HELP (Heat Escape Lessening

Position). Bring your knees to your

chest, hold your arms to your sides

and clasp your hands. Cover your

head if possible to protect your body

from heat loss.

• DO NOT try to swim unless a boat,

oating object, or the shore is close

by. Swimming causes warm blood

to circulate to your arms and legs,

where it cools off quickly and reduces

survival time by as much as 35-50%!

• If you are in the water with other

people, huddle tightly together with

your arms around each other to

preserve body heat.

Each Winter

many people are injured

from exposure in cold water.

Skaters and ice shermen fall

through the ice; boaters and

canoeists capsize.

Learn how to protect

yourself and others.

What do you do if you fall

into cold water

What is hypothermia?

Hypothermia is the excessive lower-

ing of body temperature. Core body

temperature below 95˚F causes shiv-

ering, confusion, and loss of muscle

strength. If not treated and reversed,

hypothermia leads to unconsciousness

and death.

Safety experts estimate that half of

all drowning victims die from the fatal

effects of cold water, not from water-

lled lungs!

What do you do if someone

falls through the ice?

• Call 911 immediately. Make sure

properly trained and equipped rescue

personnel are alerted to respond.

• DO NOT go out onto the ice. Many

would-be rescuers have become

victims themselves.

• Reach, throw or row. Extend a branch,

pole or ladder to the victim. Throw

them a buoyant object such as a life

ring or oat tied to a rope. If a boat is

nearby, row out to the victim or push it

towards them.

How cold is cold water?

Any water that is cooler than normal body

temperature (98.6˚ F) is, by denition,

cold water. Cold water drains away your

body heat 25 to 30 times faster than air!

Cold water does not have to be icy, it just

has to be colder than you are to cause

hypothermia.

The lower the temperature of the water,

the faster the onset

of hypothermia.

Personal safety

Always wear a personal

oatation device (PFD)

when boating, any time

of year.

Waterlogged clothing

makes it difcult to keep your

head above the surface of the water.

Dress properly

Clothing that is made from man-made -

bers does not protect the wearer

for long when wet. Wool insu-

lates better from the effects

of hypothermia when dry or

wet. Keep your head cov-

ered, 50% of body heat is

lost through the head.

How thick is

safe ice?

Ice on moving water in rivers, streams and

brooks is never safe. The thickness of ice

on ponds and lakes depends upon water

currents or springs, depth and natural

objects such as tree stumps or rocks. Daily

changes in temperature cause the ice to

expand and contract, which affects its

strength. Because of these factors, no one

can declare the ice to be absolutely “safe”.

The only safe ice is

at a skating arena!

2/16

Fire Data and Public Education Unit

978-567-3380 • www.mass.gov/dfs

DEPARTMENT OF FIRE SERVICES

Peter J. Ostroskey • State Fire Marshal

Auxilio

Cómo

Protegerse del

Agua Fría y

el Hielo

Reducir el escape del

calor del cuerpo

• Si se cae al agua fría, asuma una posición

para reducir el escape del calor del

cuerpo. En inglés esta posición se llama

“Heat Escape Lessening Position” o HELP.

• Encoja las rodillas hasta el pecho, apriete

los brazos contra el cuerpo y apriete las

manos. Si puede cúbrase la cabeza para

proteger al cuerpo y evitar la pérdida

de calor.

• NO TRATE de nadar a menos que un

bote, un objeto otante o la costa estén

cerca. Cuando nada, la sangre “caliente”

circula por los brazos y las piernas donde

se enfría rápidamente y, ¡reduce el

tiempo de supervivencia en un 35 ó 50%!

Todos los inviernos

muchas personas sufren

lesiones por exponerse a las

inclemencias del agua fría.

Algunos patinadores y

pescadores en el hielo se caen

por los agujeros en el hielo;

otros que andan en botes y

canoas se vuelcan y caen al

agua helada.

Abrazarse

Su seguridad personal

Siempre que vaya a pasear en un bote, sea

cual sea la época del año, póngase un

chaleco salvavidas o PFD (siglas

en inglés que signican per-

sonal otation device).

La ropa empapada de agua le

diculta mantener la cabeza por

arriba de la supercie del agua.

Vístase adecuadamente

Mantenga la cabeza cubierta.

El 50% del calor del cuerpo se

pierde por la cabeza. La ropa he-

cha de materiales sintéticos, una

vez que se moja, no lo protege a

uno por mucho tiempo. La lana,

ya sea seca o mojada, lo pro-

tege a uno mejor de los efectos

de la hipotermia.

¿Qué espesor se necesita

para que el hielo no sea

peligroso?

El hielo sobre el agua en movimiento como

en los ríos, arroyos y riachuelos jamás es

seguro. El espesor del hielo en lagos y charcas

depende de las corrientes de agua o de los

manantiales, de la profundidad y la presencia

de objetos naturales como cepas de árboles

o rocas. Los cambios diarios de temperatura

causan que el hielo se expanda y se contraiga,

lo que afecta la fuerza del hielo. Debido a

estos factores, nadie puede decir que el hielo

es absolutamente “seguro”.

El único lugar donde el

hielo no es peligroso es en

el salón de patines.

¿Qué se debe hacer si al-

guien se cae en un agujero

en el hielo?

• Actúe rápidamente y llame al 911 para

solicitar ayuda inmediata. Asegúrese de

alertar a personas debidamente entrenadas

en cómo rescatar gente y debidamente

equipadas, para que acudan pronto.

• NO SALGA a caminar sobre el hielo. Con

frecuencia los que intentan rescatar a otros

terminan siendo víctimas también.

• Alcance a la persona, tírele algo de qué

agarrarse o reme hacia ella. Extienda una

rama, un palo o una escalera a la víctima.

Tírele un objeto que ote, como un

salvavidas o una boya, amarrados a una

cuerda. Si hay un bote cerca, reme a

donde esté la víctima o empuje el bote

en esa dirección.

¿Cuán fría es el agua “fría”?

Por denición, cualquier agua que esté más

fría que la temperatura normal del cuerpo

(98.6 grados F.) es agua fría. El agua fría elim-

ina el calor del cuerpo 25 ó 30 veces

más rápido que el

aire. El agua fría

no tiene que estar

helada. Para causar

hipotermia sólo se

necesita que esté más

fría que su propio cuerpo.

Cuanto más baja esté la tem-

peratura del agua, más rápidamente

comienza la hipotermia.

¿Qué es hipotermia?

La hipotermia es una baja excesiva de la

temperatura del cuerpo. Un descenso en la

temperatura base del cuerpo a 95 grados F.

causa estremecimiento, confusión, pérdida

de fuerza en los músculos. Si no se trata y

se para la hipotermia, conduce a la pérdida

de conocimiento y a la muerte.

Los expertos en cuestiones de seguridad

calculan que la mitad de las personas que

mueren ahogadas, mueren debido a los

efectos mortales del agua fría y no a los

efectos mortales de llenarse los pulmones

de agua.

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