1. The nomadic ________________ arrived as raiding horsemen from the east in
the 11th century.
2. One group of Turks, the ____________________, grew in power, and by 1299,
they had established the ____________________ Empire.
3. The Ottomans took the city of _____________________ in 1453 and renamed
it Istanbul. From there, the Ottomans ruled until _____________.
4. The Ottoman Empire ended on October 30, 1918, when the Ottomans were
defeated and forced to sign the Mudros ___________________. The lands of
the Ottoman Empire were divided among the European winners of World War
I: __________________, France, Russia, and ___________________.
5. Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal, a _____________________ movement
began.
6. On July 24, 1923, the leading European powers signed the Lausanne Peace
Treaty, which created an independent ____________________ country.
7. It was no surprise that Mustafa Kemal was elected as the first
__________________ of the Republic of Turkey.
8. His time in office was marked with wide-ranging __________________ that
included political, social, legal, economic, and cultural areas.
9. During World War II, Turkey tried to remain ___________________, but
eventually entered the war on the side of the Allies in 1945.
10. The people began to push for a true _____________________ in Turkey with
new political parties, equal voting rights, and direct elections.