Of Mice and Men Study Guide
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Searching for Hope in a Cruel World
When migrant field hands Lennie Smalls and George Milton arrive in the Salinas Valley, they are
full of hope for their future. When they begin work on a nearby ranch, however, their hope
quickly turns into tragedy. When considering the novel’s terrible, sad events, do Lennie and
George have any hope of obtaining their dreams? What can the relationship of George and
Lennie teach us about true friendship?
Be a Better Reader
As you work through the study guide for Of Mice and Men, you will practice these skills, which
will help you when you read novels in the future, for school assignments or just for fun.
1. Describe how characters in a novel are developed.
2. Describe the plot development and structure of a novel.
3. Describe and analyze the role of setting in a novel.
4. Identify and analyze the themes in a novel.
5. Identify and analyze an author’s purpose and perspective.
6. Explain how historical context affects readers’ understanding and appreciation of a novel.
Behind the Scenes
When California-based author John Steinbeck, published Of Mice and Men, America was in the
midst of the Great Depression. 12 million Americans were out of work, and laborers, like
George and Lennie, were particularly at risk of poverty. Living in California, where the Great
Depression unleashed severe economic and social problems, Steinbeck sought to represent the
working-class poor in three of his most famous novels: In Dubious Battle (1936), Of Mice and
Men (1937), and The Grapes of Wrath (1940), for which Steinbeck won the Pulitzer Prize.
While the characters in Steinbeck’s stories are often faced with insurmountable obstacles, they
portray the resilience and determination Steinbeck believed was at the heart of all humanity.
When accepting his Pulitzer Prize in 1940, Steinbeck said, “[The] writer is delegated to declare
and celebrate man's proven capacity for greatness of heart and spirit, for gallantry in defeat, for
courage, compassion, and love.” George and Lennie embody all of these traits, and through
their story, Steinbeck hopes to impart a strong message of friendship and love.
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Of Mice and Men Study Guide
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The Plot
When Lennie and George arrive in Salinas Valley, they have big dreams of saving enough money
to someday buy their own land. As time passes, however, various obstacles get in their way and
threaten to thwart their hopes. Will Lennie and George ever achieve their dream? As you read
Of Mice and Men, fill in the boxes for each element of the novel’s plot.
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Of Mice and Men Study Guide
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The Characters
In Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck creates a vivid world of migratory field hands, a world that many
of his readers had never experienced. He was particularly interested in the loneliness, isolation,
and hopelessness migrant workers felt during the Great Depression. Through Lennie and
George’s journey, Steinbeck introduces an array of characters that either offer hope to the field
hands, or that add to the cruelty of their already depressing existence.
Use the diagram below to note the characteristics and descriptions Steinbeck gives to his main
characters, Lennie and George. Be sure to include at least one direct quote from the novel as
evidence to support your description of that character.
Primary
Characters
Character Traits
Lennie
George
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Of Mice and Men Study Guide
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Use the space below to help you organize the novel’s secondary characters and their impact on
Lennie and George’s dream.
Secondary
Characters
Character Traits Impact
Candy
Curly
Curly’s Wife
Crooks
Slim
Carlson
The Boss
Aunt Clara
Whit
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Of Mice and Men Study Guide
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The Setting
Lennie and George’s story takes place in four very distinct settings: the clearing by the pond,
the bunkhouse, Crook's room, and the barn. Each of these settings plays a vital role in the plot,
and helps inform Lennie and George’s relationship. Use the spaces below to describe the
novel’s different settings. Below the description, write or type a short description, in your own
words, of how this setting impacts the novel’s plot.
The Clearing By the Pond The Bunkhouse
Impact on Plot: Impact on Plot:
Crook’s Room The Barn
Impact on Plot: Impact on Plot:
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Of Mice and Men Study Guide
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Tracking Themes
What is John Steinbeck trying to say about humanity through the struggles of his main
characters, Lennie and George? The main themes in Of Mice and Men are related to friendship
and the cruelty of the world. See if you can identify and analyze those themes.
Step 1: What parts of the plot seem related to a possible theme in the novel? (Think about the
main conflict and how it get resolved or worked out.)
Step 2: Which characters seem related to a possible theme? Which characters change, and
what do those changes suggest about the cruelty of the world, or true friendship?
Step 3: How does John Steinbeck use symbols to hint at the novel’s themes? What objects,
people, or places stand for something “bigger” in the story?
Step 4: What does the novel’s title suggest about the novel’s theme? Why do you think
Steinbeck named his novel Of Mice and Men?
Step 5: Write about one or two of the novel’s main themes in your own words.
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Of Mice and Men Study Guide
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Talk About It
What do you think about Steinbeck’s tragic novel Of Mice and Men? Does the ending leave you
feeling depressed or hopeful? In the space below each question, write an answer based on your
own experiences and your own understanding of the plot. Include some textual evidence or
examples that helped you arrive at your answer.
1. When accepting his Nobel Prize in 1940, Steinbeck said, “[The] writer is delegated to declare
and celebrate man's proven capacity for greatness of heart and spirit, for gallantry in
defeat, for courage, compassion, and love.” How do Lennie and George embody Steinbeck’s
mission as a writer? Did he accomplish this goal in Of Mice and Men?
Textual Evidence:
2. Some critics have slammed Steinbeck’s novels, including Of Mice and Men, as being overly
sentimental and too moralistic. Is Steinbeck’s portrayal of the world’s cruelty accurate? In
what way does Lennie and George’s friendship trump, or overpower, that cruelty?
Textual Evidence:
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Of Mice and Men Study Guide
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Represent!
Show what you know about Of Mice and Men and its message about friendship in the face of
cruelty. Choose one of these projects to complete and share with your teacher, classmates, and
others.
Choice 1: Compiling Memories
When traveling to a new place, one of the best ways to preserve your thoughts and memories
is in a scrapbook. Travel scrapbooks might contain photographs, brochures, leaves, receipts,
menus, and many other objects that capture the mood and experience of a journey. The Selinas
Valley Library is looking for a scrapbook of Lennie and George’s experience on the ranch.
Because you have just finished reading Of Mice and Men, the library has commissioned you to
compile the scrapbook!
For this project, you may create either a physical or digital scrapbook of Lennie and George’s
experiences on the ranch. Collect or create images, background material (such as newspaper
clippings), video, and objects you think best represent the setting, themes, characters. Compile
them all into a scrapbook that presents a cohesive representation of George and Lennie’s
journey in the Salinas Valley. You may want to refer back to your notes on setting to ensure
that all the four important settings are represented in the scrapbook.
If you choose to create a physical scrapbook, take photos of each scrapbook page for upload. If
you choose to create a digital scrapbook, use PowerPoint to make the scrapbook interactive.
Remember, your “scraps” must be justified, so include a short (one-sentence) explanation for
each inclusion. If you use any outside sources, be sure to include a Works Cited page at the
end!
Choice 2: Spreading the Good Word
Often, when people are faced with great tragedy, they use their experiences to motivate others
and bring positive change in society. Imagine that after Lennie’s death, George goes on a
speaking tour to commemorate Lennie’s life and spread a positive message of hope. Because
you have just finished reading Of Mice and Men, and have a deep understand of the characters’
tragic experiences, George has hired you to work as his speechwriter!
For this project, write a five-minute speech for George to deliver at a town hall The speech
should summarize George and Lennie’s friendship, their experiences, and what you imagine
George has learned about life through Lennie’s death. Ensure that the speech embraces the
novel’s themes and how others could learn from George’s experiences.
You may upload your speech as a Word document, or upload a video of yourself reading the
speech aloud.
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