SCORES &
SCORE REPORTS
(continued)
of the original score, and your review fee will be refunded. The test
material and your answers to test questions are not available for
disclosure. Your score for a specific test will be reviewed only once.
(Note: The Score Review service is not available for selected-response
tests because they are scored electronically.) The Score Review service
is also unavailable for the American Sign Language test because the
original scoring process is exceptionally rigorous with 3–6 scorers
reviewing and contributing to the scoring of each interview.
Cancellation of Scores by You
Before viewing your scores, the computer gives you the option of
canceling your scores when you finish each test. NOTE: If you are
taking the Core Combined test (5752), the Elementary Education:
Multiple Subjects (5001), Elementary Education: Content
Knowledge for Teaching (7801), or the PA Grades 4–8 Core
Assessment (5152), and choose to cancel your scores, scores from
ALL sections of that test will be canceled. Once you have viewed your
scores, they cannot be canceled. If you choose to cancel your scores,
you cannot view them on the computer screen and they cannot be
reinstated. You will not receive a refund if you cancel your scores.
Cancellation of Scores by ETS
ETS strives to report scores that accurately reflect the performance
of every test taker. Accordingly, ETS’s standards and procedures
for administering tests have two primary goals: giving test takers
equivalent opportunities to demonstrate their abilities, and
preventing any test takers from gaining an unfair advantage over
others. To promote these objectives, E
TS reserves the right to cancel
any test score whether or not it has already been reported, and to
take such other actions as ETS deems appropriate, including banning
the test taker from taking any future ETS test and referring the
matter to law enforcement authorities, when, in E
TS’s judgment: a
testing irregularity occurs; there is an apparent discrepancy in a test
taker’s identification; the test taker engages in misconduct, including
without limitation having someone else take the test for him/her,
obtaining improper access to test questions or answers, disclosing
test questions or answers to third parties, plagiarism, or copying or
communication; or the score is invalid for another reason. When ETS
cancels a test score that has already been reported, it notifies score
recipients that the score has been canceled.
We will provide a copy of the cancellation letter you receive to
recipients of your scores.
Testing Irregularities
“Testing Irregularities” refers to problems with the administration of
a test. Testing irregularities may result from actions of test takers,
test center personnel, E
TS, or from man-made causes. When testing
irregularities occur, they may affect an individual or groups of test
takers. Such problems include, without limitation, administrative
errors (such as improper timing, improper seating, defective materials
(e.g., improper or damaged test forms), and defective equipment);
improper access to test content; and other disruptions of test
administrations (such as natural disasters or other emergencies).
When testing irregularities occur, E
TS may decline to score the test, or
cancel the test score. When in ETS’s judgment it is appropriate to do
so, ETS gives affected test takers the opportunity to take the test again
as soon as possible without charge.
Identification Discrepancies
When, in ETS’s judgment or the judgment of test center
administrators, there is a discrepancy in a test taker’s identification,
the test taker may be dismissed from the test center. In addition,
ETS may decline to score the test or cancel the test score if the
documents or photos from the test day cannot be validated or if ETS
has evidence that you did not appear for the test. If test scores are
canceled by ETS, the test fees will NOT be refunded. ETS may also
ban you from taking any future ETS test.
Misconduct
When ETS or test center personnel find that there is misconduct in
connection with a test, the test taker may be dismissed from the test
center, and ETS may decline to score the test, cancel the test and/or
may ban the test taker from taking any future ETS tests. Test takers
whose scores are canceled will forfeit their test fees. If fraudulent
activity is detected after scores have been reported, ETS will cancel
scores and notify score recipients of the cancellation. Misconduct
includes, but is not limited to, noncompliance with the Test Center
Procedures and Regulations, on pages 14–16 of this Bulletin.
Invalid Scores
ETS may also cancel scores if, in its judgment, there is substantial
evidence that they are invalid for any other reason. Substantial
evidence means evidence that is sufficient to persuade a reasonable
person, the substantial evidence is lower (i.e., requires less proof)
than reasonable doubt, clear and convincing, and preponderance
of the evidence standards. Evidence of invalid scores may include,
without limitation, discrepant handwriting, unusual answer
patterns, and inconsistent performance on different parts of the
test. Before canceling scores pursuant to this paragraph, E
TS
notifies the test taker in writing about its concerns, gives the test
taker an opportunity to submit information that addresses E
TS’s
concerns, considers any such information submitted, and offers the
test taker a choice of options. The options may include voluntary
score cancellation, a future test without charge, or arbitration
in accordance with E
TS’s standard Arbitration Agreement. The
arbitration option is available only to test takers who test in the
United States and U.S. Territories. For more detailed information,
please reference Why and How ETS Questions Test Scores at
https://
www.ets.org/praxis/scores/questioning.
When essay scores are canceled because an essay is unusually
similar to other test takers’ essays, or because the essay contains
unattributed material, only the retest score is reported for the
essay; the score for the questioned essay is not released.
Your essay responses on the writing or constructed-response items
will be reviewed by experienced E
TS essay readers during the scoring
process. ETS reserves the right to cancel test scores of any test taker
when an essay response includes, any of the following:
• text that is unusually similar to that found in one or more other
Praxis essay responses;
• quoting or paraphrasing, without attribution, language or ideas
that appear in published or unpublished sources;
• unacknowledged use of work that has been produced through
collaboration with others without citation of the contribution
of others;
•
essays submitted as work of the test taker that appear to have,
been borrowed in whole or in part from elsewhere or prepared by
another person.
When one or more of the above circumstances occur, E
TS may
conclude that the essay response, in ETS’s professional judgment,
does not reflect the independent writing skills that this test seeks to
measure. When E
TS reaches that conclusion, it cancels the essay
score and cannot report scores for this test, of which the essay score
is an indispensable part.
Confidentiality of Information
ETS recognizes your right to control the information about you
that is stored by ETS. Its policies are designed to safeguard your
information from unauthorized disclosure.
Your score report is intended only for you and for your designated
score recipients. However, background information as noted on the
registration form is reported to some states and institutions. To
protect your right to control the distribution of your scores, reports
will be released only at your specific written request and only to
E
TS-approved score recipients. Every recipient must be specified by
you in writing on one of the designated forms or in correspondence.
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Scores & Score Reports www.ets.org/praxis 2020–21 The Praxis
®
Bulletin
