Out of the Dust Study Guide
No Way Out
Billie Jo’s dad wanted a boy—that’s how she got the name Billie Jo. But she can do about
anything her dad needs a son to do, and she’s more like her father than either of them wants to
admit. When their farm begins to suffer the ravages of the Dust Bowlyears of drought and
waves of deadly dust storms, they all begin to wonder if they’ll survive. It’s not just the dust
that will test Billie Jo’s spirit, though. She loses so much in one short year that even she doesn’t
know if she’ll make it through the darkness.
Be a Better Reader
As you work on the study guide for Out of the Dust, you’ll also practice these skills, which will
help you when you read other novels, for school assignments or just for fun.
1. Identify the conflicts in a novel, and watch how they are worked out by the end.
2. Describe the main characters in a novel, based on clues the author provides.
4. Identify the themes in a novel.
5. Explain how a novel’s conflicts, events, characters, and settings relate to its themes.
Behind the Scenes
The setting for this novel is the Dust Bowl, which is not a place but a period of timetwo years
beginning in 1934 when severe dust storms swept through the middle of the country,
blanketing everything in their path and destroying the crops that most families used to make a
living in states like Kansas and Oklahoma. The dust storms were caused by two things: a severe
drought and the farmers’ practice of planting too many of the same crops too close together,
which led to erosion and prevented the land from being able to absorb and store water.
Out of the Dust is written in a way that may seem odd to you. Instead of chapters, the book
contains sections with seasons as titles, such as Spring 1934 and Autumn 1935. Each section
includes a group of narrative poems that, put together, describe what was happening to Billie
Jo, her family, and her neighbors during that particular season. Most novels, of course, are
written in prose (paragraphs) instead of verse (lines and stanzas). It may take some getting used
to, but Billie Jo’s story is well worth the effort.
Get This!
The Dionne Quintuplets were real people! The Dionne’s five identical daughters were born in
Canada on May 28, 1934, and they really were taken from their parents and displayed as a
tourist attractionwhen they were just four months old. The Dionne family finally got the girls
back when they were nine years old. They were the first quintuplets to survive babyhood.
Out of the Dust Study Guide
The Characters
Out of the Dust is written as a series of poems from Billie Jo's point of view. As you read
through the chapter write down what you learn about Billie Jo and what you learn about other
characters.
Chapter
What You Learn About Billie Jo
What You Learn about Other Characters
As in
Winter
1934
Out of the Dust Study Guide
Analyzing Characters
Readers learn most about the novel’s narrator, Billie Jo, in the first batch of poems, titled
Winter 1934. Look back at that section, and list what you learn about Billie Jo from those
poems.
What things about Billie Jo change by the end of the book? What causes each change?
Billie Jo’s father becomes hard to reach after her mother’s death. How does he change again by
the end of the book?
Out of the Dust Study Guide
The Plot
The characters in Out of the Dust deal with some challenges that are extreme, even for the
Great Depression. None of these problems is easily solved, and some are not solved at all.
However, the characters do grow in their ability to deal with the heartbreaks they encounter as
a result of living in the Dust Bowl. As you read, write down the problems that Billie Jo, the
novel’s main character and narrator, faces. Beside each problem, or conflict, explain how the
conflict is resolved.
Conflict or Problem
How the Problem Is Solved
Out of the Dust Study Guide
Analyzing Plot
1. What do the events in the plot tell you about the narrator, Billie Jo?
2. What do the events of the plot suggest about what is needed for facing challenges,
more generally?
3. What message do you think the author wants to send, based on how Billie Jo responds
to the story's main conflict? (The way a conflict is resolved is a major clue about the
theme of the novel.)
Out of the Dust Study Guide
The Setting
The setting of Out of the Dust is extremely important because the novel is a work of historical
fiction. Its events occur in 1934 and 1935, during the Great Depression, and in Oklahoma, one
of the states most affected by the droughts and dusts storms of those years. How does the
author make you aware of the novel’s historical context? What details did you notice that were
related to the novel’s setting in time? Answer these questions as you read.
1. How does Billie Jo’s mother prepare the
family’s meals? What appliance does she
use?
2. How do people in Billie Jo’s town learn
what’s going on the world outside their
community?
3. What do the people in Billie Jo’s town do
for entertainment?
4. How much does it cost Billie Jo’s family to
buy all the ingredients for a cake?
Out of the Dust Study Guide
The other aspect of setting in any novel is the place where events occur. In Out of the Dust, the
events happen in a very small farming community in Oklahoma when that region is
experiencing severe drought and huge dust storms. Many of the poems in the book are meant
to help readers imagine and understand what it was like to live through that. In the space
below, write some lines or descriptions from the book that you thought were particularly
easy to visualize.
Out of the Dust Study Guide
Create Meaning
Complete ONE of these projects to explore the events and ideas in Out of the Dust. When
you finish the project, ask your teacher how you should turn it in.
Project 1: You Try It
Out of the Dust is written as a series of poems, not chapters or paragraphs. Do you think
could write a story this way? If so, add another “chapter” to the story in Out of Dust. Write
three or four poems titled Winter 1935 or Spring 1936, describing what you think will happen
to Billie Jo next and what she will do with her life in the near future. Like the poems in Out of
Dust, your own poems don’t need to rhyme. Just make sure that your details help readers
imagine the story as you see it in your mind.
Project 2: A Musical Review
While reading Out of the Dust, did you try to imagine how the music sounded? Did you
recognize the names of any of the songs that Billie Jo played? Complete a short research
project that helps you learn what music was popular in 1934 and 1935. What kinds of songs
did people play back then at “birthday bashes” and other social events? When you have
found at least five of the songs or types of songs that Billie Jo would have playedby herself
or with the Black Mesa Boys, save them on a CD or in a playlist that you can share with your
teacher and your classmates. Write the titles and the bands or singers in a list.
Project 3: Covered in Dust
The author of Out of the Dust works hard to help readers understand what it was like to live
in Oklahoma during the Dust Bowl years. Many of the poems are focused on dust storms and
the damage they do to farms, homes, and people. If you still have some of these images stuck
in your mind, try drawing or painting these scenes. Choose two or three scenes that you
thought were particularly vivid, or easy to visualize, and recreate them on paper. Select a few
lines of poetry from the novel to write on each image.