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Manual Handling Guidelines: Using Liberty Mutual Tables

Tables for evaluating lifting, lowering, pushing, pulling, and

carrying tasks.

Since the late 1970s, Liberty Mutual has been analyzing and evaluating lifting, lowering,

pushing, pulling, and carrying tasks using “Psychophysical Tables.” These tables are

research based using psychophysical methodology that includes measurements of

oxygen consumption, heart rate, and anthropometric characteristics. Psychophysical

tables provide important information about capability and limitations of workers and the

design of manual handling tasks to reduce low back disability.

During these studies, research subjects could either control the weight or force variable,

and the experimenter controlled all other task variables such as frequency, size, height,

distance, etc. The subject monitored his or her own feelings of exertion or fatigue,

and adjusted the weight or force of the object accordingly. Details of the experimental

designs are found in the individual papers (Ciriello and Snook 1983, Ciriello et al. 1990,

Ciriello et al. 1993).

Differentiator

The tables used by Liberty Mutual Risk Control are called Liberty Mutual Tables. They

are much different from those used in published literature. Some have referred to those

in the published literature as “Snook Tables” (Snook, 1978) or “Snook and Ciriello

Tables” (Snook and Ciriello, 1991). Liberty Mutual Tables provide the male and female

population percentages able to perform these tasks, while the published tables provided

Maximum Acceptable Weights and Forces for 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 percent of the male and

female population. CompuTask™ is an ergonomic software analysis program based, in

part, on the Liberty Mutual Tables.

Liberty Mutual Tables

The goal of the Liberty Mutual Tables (hereafter called “Tables”) is to help control costs

associated with manual handling operations. These costs can be attributed to high low-

back disability costs and reduced productivity and quality due to poor job design. These

Tables provide the user with an objective assessment of a problematic manual handling

job and the foundation on which to build a solution in the following ways:

■ By helping recognize risk factors associated with manual handling activity and,

■ Helping make good business decisions on implementing cost effective

ergonomic solutions that offer the highest degree of control.

Using these Tables effectively requires basic level training in ergonomics and

manual handling task analysis and evaluation. Users should be knowledgeable of

biomechanical, physiological, and psychophysical workload criteria (Waters, 1994)

and evaluation methods. Training should include developing an analysis strategy

and collection of basic measurements including weights, initial and sustained forces,

distances (lifting, lowering, carrying, hand distance from body) and task frequency.

Using the Tables: Population Percentage Criteria

As a general rule of thumb, designing manual tasks for greater than 75 percent of the

female work population will offer the best protection from manual handling injuries.

Studies have shown that two-thirds of low back claims from low percentage tasks (tasks

capable of being performed by a small percentage of the population) can be prevented

if the tasks are designed to accommodate at least 75 percent of the female work

population (Snook et al., 1978). Tasks having population percentages of less than 10

percent should be prioritized for task redesign.

RC 5812

Risk Control from Liberty Mutual Insurance

With certain industries and jobs, however, it is very difcult to design jobs that can be

performed by 75 percent of the female work population. The Tables can be used to

perform what-if scenarios of various ergonomic interventions to help determine the most

cost effective and practical solution that offers the highest degree of control.

The Tables are self-explanatory and easy to use. The following is an example.

Suppose you want to nd the female population percentage for lifting tote pans. Your

measurements show the following:

■ Tote pan weight of 29 lbs.(Object Weight)

■ Hand distance of 7 in. (Hand Distance Away from Body)

■ An initial hand height of 30 in. (Hand Height at Start)

■ A nal hand height of 50 in. (Hand Height at End)

■ Pans are lifted once every 5 min. (Task Frequency)

The rst step is to nd the correct table. Since this is a lifting task ending between

knuckle and shoulder height (≥28” and ≤53”) and you are looking for female population

percentage, go to Table 2F. Using the object weight of 29 lbs. to select the row, and

hand distance of 7 in. to select the column, locate the data in the large cell as shown

below.

Since lifting Distance is 20 in. and frequency is once every 5 minutes, this task is

acceptable to 60% of the female work population.

Since measurements seldom correspond exactly to the data points used in the tables, it

will often be necessary to estimate the population percentage. For example, if the object

weighed 30 lbs., it would fall between the 29 lb. cell as shown above and the 32 lb. cell.

Interpolation gives a population percentage of 55.

Hand Distance

Determining hand distance is one dimension that can be confusing. Hand distance is the

distance from the front of the body to the hands. Note: This is a different measurement

from the one used for the NIOSH model. Hand distance will normally be half the width of

the object that is being handled, unless the object is purposely held away from the body.

Pushing and Pulling Tasks

For pushing and pulling tasks, you will need to obtain a spring scale, a load cell, or other

force measurement device and enter the initial force, in pounds, that is needed to start

the object moving. Take several measurements and enter the highest value particularly

when oor or wheel conditions are poor.

For pushing tasks, if you only have a spring scale device, you can measure the force by

pulling. However, while the effect on the worker may be different between a push and

pull, the measured force will be the same. Also, obtain the sustained force measurement

to keep the object moving. Take all measurements at an acceleration representative of

the task as performed in the actual operating environment.

RC 5812 2

Frequency

We dene frequency as the average time between handling individual objects.

Frequency can be confusing when more than one task component is present. For

example, lifting an object, carrying it a distance, and putting it back down. In our

example, if objects are lifted, carried, and lowered within a job cycle time of 30 seconds,

the frequency would be 30 seconds for the lift, 30 seconds for the carry, and 30 seconds

for the lower.

Important Considerations

A word of caution about using the Tables. Do not evaluate tasks based solely on

population percentages. Other important considerations include the following:

■ Injuries: Any job that is producing injuries is a good candidate for redesign.

■ Bending: Any task that begins or ends with the hands below knuckle

height presents some degree of risk. The deeper the bending

motion, the greater is the physical stress on the low back. Frequent

bending, regardless of weight, is not recommended.

■ Twisting: This motion puts uneven forces on the back, thereby, presenting additional

physical stress. The greater the twist, the more physically stressful the task.

■ Reaching: The distance away from the body that a load is held

greatly affects the forces on the back, shoulders, and arms. The

farther the reach, the more physically stressful the task

■ One-Handed Lifts: The Tables cannot be used to evaluate one-

handed tasks. By nature, these tasks place uneven loads on the back

and present a greater physical stress than two-handed lifts

■ Handholds: Inability to get a good grip on the load

presents a greater physical stress.

■ Catching or Throwing Items: The Tables cannot be used to evaluate

these types of tasks. Any task involving catching or throwing items is

physically stressful and, therefore, a good candidate for redesign.

Population Percentages

The population percentages in these Tables are based on weights selected by subjects

in the laboratory working as hard as they could without straining themselves, or without

becoming unusually tired, weakened, overheated, or out of breath. Jobs designed

ergonomically should t most workers. That is why 75 percent of the female work

population is used as a design starting point.

■ Do not use population percentages in the Tables to determine whether male or

female workers can perform certain jobs and then place workers accordingly.

■ Use the Tables to design manual handling jobs with physical requirements so

that as many workers as possible can perform them without risk of injury.

Training

As previously mentioned, effectively using the Tables requires training in ergonomics

and task evaluation methods. Users of the Tables should be trained in collecting hand

distance, lifting distance, and task frequency measurements. Liberty Mutual Group

workers compensation insured customers may contact their Risk Control Consultant or

the Risk Control Consulting Center for more information.

Resources

Ciriello, V. M. (2001). The effects of box

size, vertical distance, and height on

lowering tasks. International Journal

of Industrial Ergonomics, 28:61- 67.

Ciriello, V. M. & Snook, S. H. (1983).

A study of size, distance, height, and

frequency effects on manual handling

tasks. Human Factors, 25:5, 1983.

Ciriello, V. M., Snook, S. H., &

Hughes, G. (1993). Further studies of

psychophysically determined maximum

acceptable weights and forces.

Human Factors, 35:11, 175-186.

Ciriello, V. M., Snook, S. H., Blick,

A. C., & Wilkinson, P. L. (1990).

The effects of task duration on

psychophysically-determined

maximum acceptable weights and

forces. Ergonomics, 33:2, 187-200.

Ciriello, V.M., McGorry, R.W.,

Martin, S., & Bezverkhny, I.B. (1999).

Maximum acceptable forces of

dynamic pushing: comparison of two

techniques. Ergonomics, 42:1, 32-39.

Snook, S.H. (1978). The design

of manual handling tasks.

Ergonomics, 21:12-963-985.

Snook, S. H., & Ciriello, V. M. (1991).

The design of manual handling

tasks: revised tables of maximum

acceptable weights and forces.

Ergonomics, 34:9 1197-1213.

Waters, T.R., Putz-Anderson, V.,

& Garg, A.. (1994). Applications

Manual for the Revised NIOSH Lifting

Equation. U.S. Department of Health

and Human Services, Centers for

Disease Control, Cincinnati, OH,

DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 94-110.

libertymutualgroup.com/riskcontrolservices

@LibertyB2B

The illustrations, instructions, and principles contained in the material are general in scope and, to the best of our knowledge, current

at the time of publication. Our risk control services are advisory only. We assume no responsibility for: managing or controlling

customer safety activities, implementing any recommended corrective measures, or identifying all potential hazards.

No attempt has been made to interpret any referenced codes, standards, or regulations. Please refer to the appropriate government

authority for interpretation or clarication.

Insurance underwritten by Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. or its afliates or subsidiaries.

Liberty Mutual Tables

Contents

Table 1F Female Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Below Knuckle Height (< 28”) 2

Table 1M Male Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Below Knuckle Height (< 31”) 3

Table 2F Female Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Between Knuckle and Shoulder Height (≥ 28” & ≤ 53”) 4

Table 2M Male Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Between Knuckle and Shoulder Height (≥ 31” & ≤ 57”) 5

Table 3F Female Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Above Shoulder Height (> 53”) 6

Table 3M Male Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Above Shoulder Height (> 57”) 7

Table 4F Female Population Percentages for Lowering Tasks Beginning Below Knuckle Height (< 28”) 8

Table 4M Male Population Percentages for Lowering Tasks Beginning Below Knuckle Height (< 31”) 9

Table 5F Female Population Percentages for Lowering Tasks Beginning Between

Knuckle and Shoulder Heights (≥ 28” & ≤ 53”)

Table 7 Population Percentages for Pushing Tasks Initial Forces 11

(continued) 12

Table 8F Female Population Percentages for Pushing Tasks Sustained Force 13

Table 8M Male Population Percentages for Pushing Tasks Sustained Force 14

Table 9 Population Percentages for Pulling Tasks Initial Forces 15

(Continued) 16

Table 10F Female Population Percentages for Pulling Tasks Sustained Force 17

Table 10M Male Population Percentages for Pulling Tasks Sustained Force 18

Table 11F Female Population Percentages for Carrying Tasks 19

Table 11M Male Population Percentages for Carrying Tasks 20

RC RC 5812 1

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 1F

Female Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Below Knuckle Height (< 28”)

Hand Distance

7 inches 10 inches 15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lifting Distance (inches)

30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

10 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

10 – – – – 15 – – – – – – – – – –

30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 11 – – – – – – – – – –

10 – – – – 21 – – – – – – – – – –

30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 17 – – – – – – – – – –

10 – – – – 29 – – – – 14 – – – – –

30 – – – – 12 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 24 – – – – 11 – – – – –

10 – – – – 38 – – – – 21 – – – – –

30 – – – – 19 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 34 – – – – 17 – – – – –

10 – – – 15 48 – – – – 30 – – – – –

30 – – – – 29 – – – – 14 – – – – –

20 – – 12 44 – – – – 26 – – – – –

10 – – 14 23 58 – – – – 41 – – – – –

30 – – – – 40 – – – – 22 – – – – –

20 – – 12 21 56 – – – – 38 – – – – –

10 – – 23 34 68 – – – 18 52 – – – – 17

30 – – – 18 52 – – – – 34 – – – – –

20 – 14 22 32 66 – – – 16 50 – – – – 16

10 11 18 35 47 76 – – 18 29 63 – – – – 28

30 – – 20 30 64 – – – 15 48 – – – – 14

20 20 25 34 46 76 – 11 18 28 62 – – – – 28

10 20 30 49 60 83 – 14 31 42 73 – – – 11 42

30 12 18 33 45 75 – – 17 27 61 – – – – 27

20 34 39 49 60 83 18 22 31 43 74 – – – 11 42

10 34 45 62 71 89 18 27 45 56 82 – – 13 22 56

30 25 33 50 60 84 11 17 32 43 74 – – – 11 43

20 50 55 64 73 89 32 38 47 58 83 – – 14 23 58

10 50 60 75 81 + 33 43 61 70 88 – 12 26 37 70

30 43 52 66 74 + 25 34 50 61 84 – – 16 26 60

20 66 70 77 83 + 51 56 64 73 89 17 21 30 41 73

10 67 74 84 88 + 51 61 75 81 + 18 26 44 55 81

30 62 70 80 85 + 46 54 68 76 + 14 20 35 46 76

20 80 83 87 + + 69 73 79 84 + 37 41 51 61 84

10 80 85 + + + 69 76 85 89 + 37 47 64 72 89

30 79 84 + + + 68 74 83 88 + 35 44 59 68 87

20 + + + + + 83 86 89 + + 60 64 71 79 +

10 + + + + + 84 88 + + + 61 69 80 85 +

30 + + + + + 85 88 + + + 63 70 80 85 +

20 + + + + + + + + + + 80 83 87 + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 81 85 + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + 85 88 + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 1M

Male Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Below Knuckle Height (< 31”)

Hand Distance

7 inches

10 inches

15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lifting Distance (inches)

30 – – – 30 49 – – – 16 35 – – – – –

20 – – 13 34 54 – – – 20 39 – – – – 12

10 – 11 25 48 65 – – 13 33 53 – – – – 23

30 – – 14 34 54 – – – 20 40 – – – – 12

20 – – 17 39 58 – – – 24 44 – – – – 16

10 – 15 30 52 69 – – 16 38 57 – – – 11 28

30 – – 17 39 58 – – – 25 45 – – – – 16

20 – – 21 44 62 – – – 29 49 – – – – 20

10 11 19 34 57 72 – – 20 43 61 – – – 15 33

30 – – 22 45 63 – – – 30 50 – – – – 20

20 – 11 26 49 66 – – 14 34 54 – – – – 25

10 15 23 40 61 75 – 11 25 48 65 – – – 19 38

30 – – 27 50 67 – – 14 35 55 – – – – 25

20 – 14 31 54 70 – – 18 40 59 – – – 13 30

10 20 28 45 65 78 – 15 30 53 69 – – – 24 43

30 – 14 33 55 71 – – 19 41 60 – – – 13 31

20 11 19 37 59 73 – – 23 46 63 – – – 17 36

10 25 34 51 69 80 12 19 36 58 73 – – – 29 49

30 – 19 39 60 74 – – 24 47 64 – – – 18 37

20 15 24 43 64 77 – 12 29 51 68 – – – 22 42

10 31 40 56 73 83 16 25 42 63 76 – – 14 35 55

30 15 25 45 65 78 – 12 30 53 69 – – – 24 43

20 20 31 50 69 80 – 16 35 57 72 – – – 28 48

10 37 46 62 77 85 21 31 48 68 79 – – 19 42 60

30 20 31 52 70 81 – 17 37 59 73 – – 11 30 50

20 26 37 56 73 83 13 22 42 63 76 – – 14 35 54

10 44 53 67 80 87 28 38 55 72 82 – – 25 48 66

30 27 39 58 75 84 13 23 44 65 77 – – 16 37 57

20 34 45 62 77 85 18 29 49 68 80 – – 20 42 60

10 51 59 72 83 89 35 45 61 76 85 – 14 33 55 71

30 35 46 64 79 86 19 31 52 70 81 – – 22 45 63

20 41 52 68 81 88 25 37 56 73 83 – – 27 50 66

10 58 65 76 86 + 42 52 67 80 87 12 21 40 62 75

30 43 54 70 82 89 27 39 59 75 84 – 11 30 53 69

20 49 59 73 84 + 33 45 63 78 86 – 14 35 57 72

10 65 71 80 88 + 51 60 72 84 89 18 28 48 68 79

30 52 62 76 85 + 36 48 66 80 87 – 17 39 61 75

20 58 66 78 87 + 42 53 69 82 88 11 22 44 64 77

10 71 76 84 + + 59 66 77 87 + 26 37 57 74 83

30 60 69 80 88 + 45 57 73 84 89 14 26 49 68 80

20 65 73 82 89 + 52 62 75 85 + 19 31 53 71 82

10 76 81 87 + + 66 73 82 89 + 35 47 65 79 86

30 68 76 85 + + 56 66 78 87 + 23 37 59 75 84

20 73 79 86 + + 61 70 81 88 + 29 42 62 77 85

10 81 85 + + + 73 79 86 + + 46 57 72 83 89

30 76 81 88 + + 65 73 83 + + 35 48 68 81 88

20 79 84 89 + + 70 77 85 + + 40 53 71 83 89

10 86 88 + + + 80 84 89 + + 57 66 78 87 +

30 82 86 + + + 74 80 88 + + 48 60 76 86 +

20 84 88 + + + 77 83 89 + + 53 64 78 87 +

10 89 + + + + 85 88 + + + 67 75 84 + +

30 87 + + + + 81 86 + + + 61 71 83 + +

20 89 + + + + 84 87 + + + 66 74 84 + +

10 + + + + + 89 + + + + 77 82 88 + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 2F

Female Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Between Knuckle and Shoulder Height (≥ 28” & ≤ 53”)

Hand Distance

7 inches 10 inches 15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lifting Distance (inches)

30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

10 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

10 – – – – 15 – – – – – – – – – –

30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 11 – – – – – – – – – –

10 – – – – 21 – – – – – – – – – –

30 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 17 – – – – – – – – – –

10 – – – – 29 – – – – 14 – – – – –

30 – – – – 12 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 24 – – – – 11 – – – – –

10 – – – – 38 – – – – 21 – – – – –

30 – – – – 19 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 34 – – – – 17 – – – – –

10 – – – 15 48 – – – – 30 – – – – –

30 – – – – 29 – – – – 14 – – – – –

20 – – – 12 44 – – – – 26 – – – – –

10 – – 14 23 58 – – – – 41 – – – – –

30 – – – – 40 – – – – 22 – – – – –

20 – – 12 21 56 – – – – 38 – – – – –

10 – – 23 34 68 – – – 18 52 – – – – 17

30 – – – 18 52 – – – – 34 – – – – –

20 – 14 22 32 66 – – – 16 50 – – – – 16

10 11 18 35 47 76 – – 18 29 63 – – – – 28

30 – – 20 30 64 – – – 15 48 – – – – 14

20 20 25 34 46 76 – 11 18 28 62 – – – – 28

10 20 30 49 60 83 – 14 31 42 73 – – – 11 42

30 12 18 33 45 75 – – 17 27 61 – – – – 27

20 34 39 49 60 83 18 22 31 43 74 – – – 11 42

10 34 45 62 71 89 18 27 45 56 82 – – 13 22 56

30 25 33 50 60 84 11 17 32 43 74 – – – 11 43

20 50 55 64 73 89 32 38 47 58 83 – – 14 23 58

10 50 60 75 81 + 33 43 61 70 88 – 12 26 37 70

30 43 52 66 74 + 25 34 50 61 84 – – 16 26 60

20 66 70 77 83 + 51 56 64 73 89 17 21 30 41 73

10 67 74 84 88 + 51 61 75 81 + 18 26 44 55 81

30 62 70 80 85 + 46 54 68 76 + 14 20 35 46 76

20 80 83 87 + + 69 73 79 84 + 37 41 51 61 84

10 80 85 + + + 69 76 85 89 + 37 47 64 72 89

30 79 84 + + + 68 74 83 88 + 35 44 59 68 87

20 + + + + + 83 86 89 + + 60 64 71 79 +

10 + + + + + 84 88 + + + 61 69 80 85 +

30 + + + + + 85 88 + + + 63 70 80 85 +

20 + + + + + + + + + + 80 83 87 + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 81 85 + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + 85 88 + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 2M

Male Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Between Knuckle and Shoulder Height (≥ 31” & ≤ 57”)

Hand Distance 7 inches 10 inches 15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lifting Distance (inches)

30 – – – – 12 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 25 – – – – 12 – – – – –

10 – – 16 21 46 – – – – 30 – – – – –

30 – – – – 16 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 30 – – – – 16 – – – – –

10 – – 20 26 52 – – – 13 36 – – – – –

30 – – – – 21 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – 13 36 – – – – 21 – – – – –

10 – 11 25 32 57 – – 12 17 42 – – – – 13

30 – – – – 27 – – – – 13 – – – – –

20 – – 12 17 42 – – – – 26 – – – – –

10 – 15 31 38 63 – – 17 22 48 – – – – 17

30 – – – 11 33 – – – 18 – – – – –

20 – – 17 23 49 – – 11 32 – – – – –

10 12 20 38 44 68 – – 22 28 54 – – – – 23

30 – – 11 16 40 – – – – 24 – – – – –

20 – – 23 29 55 – – 11 15 39 – – – – 11

10 17 26 45 51 72 – 13 29 35 60 – – – – 29

30 – – 16 21 47 – – – – 31 – – – – –

20 – 14 30 36 61 – – 16 21 47 – – – – 16

10 23 33 52 58 77 11 19 36 42 66 – – – 13 36

30 – 11 22 28 54 – – – 15 39 – – – – 11

20 12 20 37 44 67 – – 22 28 54 – – – – 23

10 30 41 59 64 81 16 25 43 50 72 – – 14 19 44

30 12 17 30 36 61 – – 16 21 47 – – – – 16

20 18 27 45 52 73 – 14 29 36 61 – – – – 30

10 38 49 65 70 84 23 33 51 57 77 – – 20 26 52

30 18 25 38 45 68 – 12 23 29 55 – – – – 24

20 25 35 54 60 78 13 20 38 44 68 – – – 15 39

10 47 57 72 76 87 31 42 59 64 81 – 13 28 34 60

30 26 33 48 54 74 13 19 32 38 63 – – – – 32

20 34 45 62 67 83 20 29 47 53 74 – – 17 22 48

10 56 65 77 81 + 41 51 67 71 85 13 20 37 44 67

30 36 43 57 63 80 21 28 41 48 70 – – 13 17 42

20 44 54 69 74 86 28 39 56 62 80 – 11 25 31 57

10 64 72 82 85 + 50 60 73 77 88 20 29 47 53 74

30 46 54 66 71 85 31 38 52 58 77 – 11 21 27 53

20 54 63 76 80 + 39 49 65 70 84 12 19 36 42 66

10 72 78 86 88 + 60 68 80 83 + 30 40 57 63 80

30 57 64 74 78 88 42 50 62 67 83 14 19 32 38 63

20 64 72 82 85 + 51 60 74 77 88 20 29 47 53 74

10 79 84 + + + 69 76 85 87 + 42 51 67 71 85

30 68 73 81 84 + 55 61 72 76 87 24 31 44 51 72

20 73 79 87 89 + 62 70 81 84 + 32 42 59 64 81

10 85 88 + + + 77 82 89 + + 54 63 75 79 89

30 77 81 87 89 + 66 72 80 83 + 38 45 58 63 80

20 81 85 + + + 72 78 86 88 + 46 56 70 74 87

10 89 + + + + 84 88 + + + 66 73 82 85 +

30 84 87 + + + 77 81 86 88 + 53 60 70 74 87

20 87 + + + + 81 85 + + + 61 69 79 83 +

10 + + + + + 89 + + + + 76 82 88 + +

30 + + + + + 85 88 + + + 68 73 81 84 +

20 + + + + + 88 + + + + 74 79 87 89 +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 85 88 + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 3F

Female Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Above Shoulder Height (> 53”)

Hand Distance 7 inches 10 inches 15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lifting Distance (inches)

30 – – – – 13 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 26 – – – – 12 – – – – –

10 – – – – 40 – – – – 22 – – – – –

30 – – – – 19 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 33 – – – – 17 – – – – –

10 – – – 15 48 – – – – 30 – – – – –

30 – – – – 26 – – – – 12 – – – – –

20 – – – 11 41 – – – – 24 – – – – –

10 – – 12 21 55 – – – – 38 – – – – –

30 – – – – 34 – – – – 18 – – – – –

20 – – – 18 50 – – – – 32 – – – – –

10 – – 18 29 63 – – – 14 46 – – – – 13

30 – – – 12 43 – – – – 26 – – – – –

20 – – 15 24 59 – – – – 41 – – – – –

10 – 11 26 38 70 – – 12 21 55 – – – – 20

30 – – 11 19 53 – – – – 35 – – – – –

20 11 14 22 33 67 – – – 17 51 – – – – 17

10 11 18 36 47 77 – – 19 29 64 – – – – 29

30 – – 18 28 62 – – – 13 45 – – – – 13

20 18 22 32 44 74 – – 16 26 60 – – – – 25

10 18 27 46 57 82 – 13 28 40 72 – – – – 39

30 – 14 27 39 71 – – 13 21 56 – – – – 21

20 28 33 43 54 81 13 17 25 37 69 – – – – 36

10 28 38 57 67 87 13 21 39 51 79 – – – 17 50

30 16 23 39 51 79 – – 22 33 66 – – – – 32

20 40 45 55 65 86 23 27 37 49 77 – – – 15 48

10 40 50 67 75 + 23 33 51 62 84 – – 17 27 61

30 27 36 52 63 85 13 19 34 46 76 – – – 13 45

20 53 58 66 74 + 35 40 50 61 84 – – 16 26 60

10 53 62 76 82 + 35 46 63 72 89 – 13 28 40 72

30 41 50 65 73 + 24 32 49 59 83 – – 15 24 59

20 65 69 76 82 + 49 54 63 72 89 16 20 28 40 72

10 66 73 84 88 + 50 59 74 81 + 16 25 43 54 80

30 57 64 76 82 + 39 48 63 72 89 – 15 28 40 72

20 76 79 84 88 + 64 68 75 81 + 30 35 44 55 81

10 77 82 89 + + 64 72 83 87 + 30 40 58 68 87

30 71 77 85 89 + 57 64 76 82 + 22 30 46 57 82

20 85 87 + + + 76 79 84 88 + 48 52 61 70 88

10 85 89 + + + 77 82 89 + + 48 57 72 79 +

30 83 86 + + + 73 78 86 + + 42 50 64 73 +

20 + + + + + 86 88 + + + 66 70 76 82 +

10 + + + + + 86 + + + + 66 73 83 88 +

30 + + + + + 85 88 + + + 64 70 80 85 +

20 + + + + + + + + + + 81 83 87 + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 81 85 + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + 82 85 + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 3M

Male Population Percentages for Lifting Tasks Ending Above Shoulder Height (> 57”)

Hand Distance 7 inches 10 inches 15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lifting Distance (inches)

30 – – – – 28 – – – – 14 – – – – –

20 – – 14 18 44 – – – – 28 – – – – –

10 – 16 33 39 64 – – 18 24 49 – – – – 19

30 – – – 11 33 – – – – 18 – – – – –

20 – – 17 23 49 – – – 11 33 – – – – –

10 12 20 38 45 68 – – 22 29 54 – – – – 23

30 – – – 15 39 – – – – 23 – – – – –

20 – – 22 28 54 – – – 14 38 – – – – 11

10 16 25 44 50 72 – 12 28 34 59 – – – – 28

30 – – 14 19 45 – – – – 29 – – – – –

20 – 12 27 34 59 – – 14 19 44 – – – – 14

10 21 31 49 55 75 – 17 33 40 64 – – – 11 34

30 – – 19 25 50 – – – 12 35 – – – – –

20 – 16 33 40 64 – – 18 24 50 – – – – 19

10 27 37 55 61 79 13 22 39 46 69 – – 11 16 40

30 – 13 24 31 56 – – 12 16 41 – – – – 12

20 13 22 40 46 69 – – 24 30 56 – – – – 25

10 33 43 60 66 82 18 27 46 52 73 – – 16 21 46

30 12 18 31 37 62 – – 16 22 47 – – – – 17

20 18 28 46 52 73 – 14 30 37 62 – – – – 31

10 39 50 66 71 85 24 34 52 58 77 – – 21 27 53

30 17 24 38 44 68 – 11 22 28 54 – – – – 23

20 24 34 53 59 78 12 20 37 44 67 – – – 14 38

10 46 56 71 75 87 30 41 58 64 81 – 12 27 33 59

30 23 31 45 51 73 11 17 29 35 61 – – – – 30

20 31 42 59 65 81 17 26 44 51 72 – – 15 20 45

10 53 62 76 79 89 38 48 64 69 84 11 18 34 41 65

30 31 38 52 58 77 17 23 37 43 67 – – – 14 37

20 39 50 66 77 85 24 34 52 58 77 – – 21 27 53

10 60 68 80 83 + 46 55 70 74 87 16 25 42 49 71

30 39 47 60 65 82 24 31 45 51 73 – – 15 20 46

20 47 57 72 76 87 32 42 59 65 81 – 13 28 35 60

10 67 74 84 86 + 54 63 76 79 89 23 33 50 56 76

30 48 55 67 72 85 32 40 53 59 78 – 12 22 28 54

20 56 65 77 81 + 41 51 67 71 85 13 20 37 44 67

10 73 79 87 89 + 61 69 80 83 + 31 41 58 64 81

30 57 63 74 77 88 42 49 62 67 82 13 19 31 37 62

20 64 72 82 85 + 50 59 73 77 88 20 29 46 53 74

10 79 83 + + + 69 75 84 87 + 41 51 66 71 85

30 65 71 79 82 + 51 58 70 74 86 21 28 41 48 70

20 71 78 86 88 + 59 67 79 82 + 29 39 56 62 79

10 83 87 + + + 75 81 88 + + 51 60 73 77 88

30 73 78 84 87 + 61 67 77 80 + 31 39 52 58 77

20 78 83 89 + + 68 75 84 86 + 40 50 65 70 84

10 87 + + + + 81 85 + + + 61 69 79 83 +

30 80 83 88 + + 70 75 83 85 + 43 50 62 68 83

20 84 87 + + + 76 81 88 + + 52 61 74 78 88

10 + + + + + 86 89 + + + 70 76 85 87 +

30 85 88 + + + 78 82 87 89 + 56 62 72 76 88

20 88 + + + + 83 86 + + + 63 71 81 84 +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 78 83 89 + +

30 + + + + + 85 88 + + + 68 73 81 83 +

20 + + + + + 88 + + + + 74 79 87 89 +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 85 88 + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 4F

Female Population Percentages for Lowering Tasks Beginning Below Knuckle Height (< 28”)

Hand Distance 7 inches 10 inches 15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lowering Distance (inches)

30 – – – – 47 – – – – 26 – – – – –

20 – – – 17 69 – – – – 50 – – – – 12

10 – – – 22 73 – – – – 56 – – – – 16

30 – – – – 56 – – – – 36 – – – – –

20 – – – 25 75 – – – – 59 – – – – 18

10 – – 11 31 79 – – – 14 64 – – – – 24

30 – – – 14 65 – – – – 46 – – – – –

20 – – 14 35 81 – – – 16 68 – – – – 27

10 – 12 18 41 84 – – – 21 72 – – – – 33

30 – – – 20 71 – – – – 53 – – – – 14

20 – – 19 42 84 – – – 22 73 – – – – 34

10 14 17 24 49 87 – – – 28 77 – – – – 41

30 – – – 26 76 – – – – 60 – – – – 19

20 – 12 25 50 87 – – – 29 78 – – – – 42

10 20 24 31 56 89 – – 14 35 81 – – – – 48

30 – – 13 34 80 – – – 15 67 – – – – 26

20 12 18 33 58 + – – 15 37 82 – – – – 50

10 27 31 39 63 + – 12 20 43 85 – – – – 56

30 – 12 19 42 84 – – – 22 73 – – – – 34

20 18 25 41 65 + – – 21 45 86 – – – – 58

10 35 39 48 70 + 15 18 27 52 88 – – – 13 63

30 15 19 26 51 88 – – – 30 78 – – – – 43

20 25 34 50 72 + – 14 29 54 89 – – – 14 66

10 44 48 56 76 + 22 26 35 60 + – – – 19 70

30 23 27 36 60 + – – 17 40 83 – – – – 52

20 34 43 59 78 + 14 22 39 63 + – – – 22 73

10 53 57 64 81 + 30 35 45 68 + – – – 27 77

30 32 37 46 68 + 13 16 25 50 87 – – – 11 62

20 44 53 67 83 + 22 31 49 70 + – – 11 31 79

10 62 66 72 86 + 40 45 55 75 + – – 15 37 82

30 43 47 56 76 + 21 25 35 60 + – – – 19 70

20 55 63 75 87 + 32 41 59 77 + – – 18 41 84

10 71 74 79 89 + 51 55 64 81 + – 13 23 48 87

30 54 58 66 82 + 31 36 47 69 + – – – 29 78

20 65 72 81 + + 43 53 68 83 + – 11 28 53 88

10 78 80 84 + + 61 65 73 86 + 16 22 34 59 +

30 65 69 75 87 + 43 49 58 77 + – – 18 41 84

20 74 79 87 + + 55 64 77 88 + 11 20 40 64 +

10 84 86 89 + + 71 74 80 + + 26 33 46 69 +

30 75 78 82 + + 56 61 69 84 + 12 17 29 54 89

20 81 85 + + + 67 74 84 + + 21 32 53 74 +

10 89 + + + + 79 82 86 + + 39 46 59 78 +

30 83 85 88 + + 69 72 79 89 + 23 30 44 67 +

20 88 + + + + 77 82 89 + + 34 46 66 82 +

10 + + + + + 86 88 + + + 53 60 71 85 +

30 + + + + + 83 86 89 + + 47 54 66 82 +

20 + + + + + 88 + + + + 59 68 82 + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 74 78 85 + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + 72 77 84 + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + 80 85 + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 88 + + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + 89 + + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 4M

Male Population Percentages for Lowering Tasks Beginning Below Knuckle Height (< 31”)

Hand Distance

7 inches 10 inches 15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lowering Distance (inches)

30 – – 23 47 73 – – 11 31 62 – – – – 33

20 – 14 28 51 76 – – 14 36 66 – – – – 38

10 21 28 42 64 83 – 14 26 50 75 – – – 20 52

30 – 13 27 51 75 – – 14 35 65 – – – – 37

20 – 17 32 55 78 – – 17 40 69 – – – 12 42

10 24 32 46 67 84 11 17 30 54 77 – – – 24 55

30 – 16 31 55 78 – – 17 40 69 – – – 12 41

20 13 20 36 59 80 – – 21 44 72 – – – 15 46

10 29 36 50 70 86 14 20 35 58 80 – – – 28 59

30 13 20 35 58 80 – – 21 44 71 – – – 15 46

20 16 24 40 62 82 – 11 25 49 74 – – – 19 50

10 33 40 54 72 87 17 24 39 61 81 – – 11 32 63

30 16 24 40 62 82 – 11 25 49 74 – – – 19 50

20 20 28 45 66 84 – 14 29 53 77 – – – 23 54

10 37 45 58 75 88 21 29 44 65 83 – – 15 36 66

30 20 28 45 66 84 – 14 29 53 77 – – – 23 54

20 24 33 49 69 85 11 18 34 57 79 – – – 27 59

10 42 50 62 78 89 25 33 48 68 85 – – 18 41 70

30 24 33 50 69 85 11 18 34 57 79 – – – 27 59

20 29 38 54 72 87 14 22 39 61 81 – – 11 32 63

10 47 54 66 80 + 30 38 53 72 87 – – 23 46 73

30 29 38 54 73 87 15 23 39 62 82 – – 12 32 63

20 34 43 59 76 88 18 27 44 66 84 – – 15 37 67

10 52 59 69 82 + 35 44 58 75 88 – 13 27 51 76

30 35 44 59 76 89 19 28 45 66 84 – – 15 38 67

20 40 49 63 78 + 23 32 49 69 85 – – 19 43 70

10 57 63 73 84 + 41 49 62 78 89 – 17 33 56 79

30 40 49 64 79 + 24 33 50 70 86 – – 20 43 71

20 45 54 67 81 + 28 38 55 73 87 – – 24 48 74

10 62 67 76 86 + 46 54 66 80 + 14 21 38 61 81

30 46 55 68 82 + 29 39 56 74 88 – – 26 49 75

20 51 59 71 83 + 34 44 60 76 89 – 13 30 54 77

10 66 72 79 88 + 52 59 71 83 + 18 27 44 66 84

30 52 60 72 84 + 36 45 61 77 89 – 14 32 55 78

20 57 64 75 86 + 40 50 65 80 + – 18 36 59 80

10 71 75 82 + + 58 64 74 85 + 24 33 50 70 86

30 58 66 76 86 + 42 52 66 80 + 11 19 38 61 81

20 62 69 79 88 + 47 56 70 82 + 14 23 43 65 83

10 75 79 85 + + 63 69 78 87 + 30 40 56 74 88

30 64 71 80 88 + 49 58 71 83 + 16 26 45 66 84

20 68 74 82 89 + 54 62 74 85 + 20 30 50 70 86

10 78 82 87 + + 68 74 81 89 + 37 47 62 78 +

30 70 75 83 + + 56 64 76 86 + 22 33 52 71 86

20 73 78 85 + + 60 68 78 87 + 26 38 57 74 88

10 82 85 89 + + 73 78 84 + + 44 54 68 81 +

30 75 79 86 + + 63 70 80 88 + 30 41 60 76 89

20 77 81 87 + + 67 73 82 89 + 34 46 63 79 +

10 85 87 + + + 78 82 87 + + 52 61 73 85 +

30 79 83 88 + + 69 75 83 + + 38 49 66 80 +

20 81 85 89 + + 72 78 85 + + 43 54 70 82 +

10 88 + + + + 82 85 89 + + 60 67 78 87 +

30 83 + + + + 75 80 87 + + 47 58 73 84 +

20 85 + + + + 78 82 88 + + 52 62 75 86 +

10 + + + + + 85 88 + + + 67 74 82 + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 5F

Female Population Percentages for Lowering Tasks Beginning Between Knuckle and Shoulder Heights (≥ 28” & ≤ 53”)

Hand Distance

7 inches 10 inches

15 inches

Frequency: One Lift Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Lowering Distance (inches)

30 – – – – 25 – – – – – – – – – –

20 – – – – 43 – – – – 23 – – – – –

10 – – – 21 58 – – – – 38 – – – – –

30 – – – – 35 – – – – 17 – – – – –

20 – – – 17 53 – – – – 33 – – – – –

10 – – – 30 67 – – – 14 49 – – – – 12

30 – – – 12 46 – – – – 26 – – – – –

20 – – – 26 63 – – – – 44 – – – – –

10 – – 11 41 75 – – – 22 59 – – – – 20

30 – – – 17 54 – – – – 33 – – – – –

20 – – – 33 69 – – – 15 51 – – – – 14

10 – – 15 49 79 – – – 29 65 – – – – 27

30 – – – 24 61 – – – – 41 – – – – –

20 – – – 41 75 – – – 22 59 – – – – 20

10 – – 22 57 83 – – – 37 72 – – – – 35

30 – – – 32 68 – – – 14 50 – – – – 13

20 – 11 16 49 80 – – – 29 66 – – – – 27

10 – 14 29 64 87 – – 13 45 77 – – – – 43

30 – – – 40 74 – – – 21 58 – – – – 20

20 14 16 23 58 84 – – – 38 72 – – – – 36

10 14 21 38 71 + – – 19 54 82 – – – 16 52

30 – – 16 50 80 – – – 30 66 – – – – 28

20 21 24 31 66 88 – – 14 47 78 – – – 11 45

10 21 30 47 77 + – 13 27 62 86 – – – 23 61

30 – 13 24 59 85 – – – 39 74 – – – – 37

20 29 33 41 73 + 13 16 22 57 83 – – – 18 55

10 30 39 57 82 + 13 21 37 70 89 – – – 33 69

30 14 20 34 68 89 – – 16 50 80 – – – 13 48

20 40 44 52 80 + 21 24 31 66 88 – – – 27 64

10 40 50 66 87 + 21 30 47 77 + – – 12 43 76

30 23 30 45 76 + – 14 25 60 85 – – – 22 59

20 51 55 62 85 + 31 35 43 74 + – – – 38 73

10 51 60 74 + + 32 41 58 83 + – – 20 54 82

30 34 42 57 82 + 16 23 37 70 89 – – – 33 69

20 62 65 71 89 + 43 47 54 81 + – 12 16 50 80

10 62 70 81 + + 44 53 68 88 + – 16 30 65 87

30 47 55 68 88 + 27 35 50 79 + – – 13 46 77

20 72 75 80 + + 56 59 66 87 + 18 21 27 62 86

10 72 79 87 + + 56 65 77 + + 19 27 43 74 +

30 60 67 77 + + 41 49 63 85 + – 13 24 59 85

20 81 83 86 + + 68 71 76 + + 31 34 41 73 +

10 81 85 + + + 68 75 84 + + 31 40 57 82 +

30 72 78 85 + + 56 63 74 + + 19 25 39 71 +

20 87 89 + + + 78 80 84 + + 46 50 56 82 +

10 88 + + + + 78 83 + + + 46 55 70 89 +

30 86 89 + + + 76 81 87 + + 43 50 63 86 +

20 + + + + + 89 + + + + 69 72 76 + +

10 + + + + + 89 + + + + 70 76 85 + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + 70 76 83 + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + 86 88 + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + 87 + + + +

30 + + + + + + + + + + 89 + + + +

20 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 7

Population Percentages for Pushing Tasks Initial Forces

Male Female

Frequency: One Push

Every

30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Frequency: One Push

Every

30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Initial Pushing Force (pounds)

130

Hand Height (inches) — Males

57 – – – – 25

Hand Height (inches) — Females

53 – – – – –

37 – – 13 14 36 35 – – – – –

25 – – – – 22 22 – – – – –

127

57 – – – – 28 53 – – – – –

37 – – 15 16 39 35 – – – – –

25 – – – – 25 22 – – – – –

124

57 – – – 11 31 53 – – – – –

37 – 12 18 19 42 35 – – – – –

25 – – – – 29 22 – – – – –

121

57 – 12 13 35 53 – – – – –

37 – 14 20 21 46 35 – – – – –

25 – – – 11 32 22 – – – – –

118

57 – – 15 16 38 53 – – – – –

37 – 17 23 25 49 35 – – – – –

25 – – 13 13 35 25 – – – – –

115

57 – 12 17 18 42 53 – – – – –

37 11 19 27 28 52 35 – – – – –

25 – – 15 16 39 22 – – – – –

112

57 – 14 20 21 46 53 – – – – –

37 13 23 30 31 56 35 – – – – –

25 – 12 18 19 43 22 – – – – –

109

57 – 17 24 25 49 53 – – – – –

37 16 26 34 35 59 35 – – – – –

25 – 15 21 22 46 22 – – – – –

106

57 12 20 27 28 53 53 – – – – –

37 19 30 38 39 63 35 – – – – –

25 – 18 24 26 50 22 – – – – –

103

57 14 23 31 32 57 53 – – – – –

37 23 34 42 43 66 35 – – – – –

25 12 21 28 29 54 22 – – – – –

100

57 17 27 35 36 60 53 – – – – –

37 26 38 46 47 69 35 – – – – –

25 14 24 32 33 58 22 – – – – –

57 21 31 39 41 64 53 – – – – –

37 30 42 50 51 72 35 – – – – –

25 17 28 36 38 61 22 – – – – –

57 25 36 44 45 67 53 – – – – –

37 35 46 54 55 75 35 – – – – –

25 21 33 41 42 65 22 – – – – –

57 29 40 48 49 71 53 – – – – –

37 39 51 58 59 77 35 – – – – –

25 25 37 45 46 68 22 – – – – –

57 33 45 53 54 74 53 – – – – 13

37 44 55 62 63 80 35 – – – – 13

25 29 42 50 51 72 22 – – – – –

57 38 50 57 58 77 53 – – – 11 17

37 49 59 66 67 82 35 – – – 11 17

25 34 47 54 56 75 22 – – – – –

57 43 54 62 63 79 53 – – – 14 22

37 53 64 70 71 84 35 – – – 15 22

25 39 51 59 60 78 22 – – – – –

57 48 59 66 67 82 53 – – 14 19 27

37 58 68 73 74 86 35 – – 14 20 28

25 44 56 63 64 80 22 – – – – –

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 7 (continued)

Population Percentages for Pushing Tasks Initial Forces

Male Female

Frequency: One Push

Every

30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Frequency: One Push

Every

30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Initial Pushing Force (pounds)

Hand Height (inches) — Males

57 53 64 70 71 84

Hand Height (inches) — Females

53 – – 19 25 34

37 63 72 77 77 88 35 – – 19 25 34

25 50 61 68 68 83 22 – – – – –

57 59 68 74 74 86 53 – – 24 31 40

37 67 75 80 80 + 35 – – 25 31 41

25 55 66 72 72 85 22 – – – – 11

57 63 72 77 78 88 53 – 12 31 38 47

37 71 78 82 83 + 35 – 12 31 38 48

25 60 70 75 76 87 22 – – – – 15

57 68 76 80 81 + 53 – 17 38 45 54

37 75 82 85 85 + 35 – 17 39 46 55

25 65 74 79 79 89 22 – – – 14 21

57 73 79 83 84 + 53 14 23 46 53 61

37 79 84 87 88 + 35 13 24 46 53 62

25 70 78 82 82 + 25 – – 14 19 27

57 77 83 86 86 + 53 20 30 54 60 68

37 82 87 89 + + 35 19 31 54 61 68

25 74 81 85 85 + 22 – – 20 26 35

57 80 85 88 89 + 53 27 39 61 67 74

37 85 89 + + + 35 26 39 62 68 74

25 78 84 87 88 + 22 – – 27 34 44

57 84 88 + + + 53 36 48 69 74 80

37 88 + + + + 35 34 48 69 74 80

25 82 87 89 + + 22 – 15 36 43 52

57 87 + + + + 53 45 57 75 79 84

37 + + + + + 35 44 57 76 80 84

25 85 89 + + + 22 12 23 45 52 61

57 89 + + + + 53 55 65 81 84 88

37 + + + + + 35 54 66 81 85 88

25 88 + + + + 22 19 32 55 61 69

57 + + + + + 53 64 73 86 88 +

37 + + + + + 35 63 74 86 89 +

25 + + + + + 22 28 42 64 70 76

57 + + + + + 53 73 80 + + +

37 + + + + + 35 72 80 + + +

25 + + + + + 22 39 54 73 78 83

57 + + + + + 53 80 86 + + +

37 + + + + + 35 79 86 + + +

25 + + + + + 22 51 64 80 84 88

57 + + + + + 53 86 + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 86 + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 63 74 86 89 +

57 + + + + + 53 + + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 + + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 74 82 + + +

57 + + + + + 53 + + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 + + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 83 88 + + +

57 + + + + + 53 + + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 + + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 89 + + + +

57 + + + + + 53 + + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 + + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 8F

Female Population Percentages for Pushing Tasks Sustained Force

Pushing Distance 7 Feet 25 Feet 50 Feet

Frequency: One Push Every 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Sustained Pushing Force (pounds)

Hand Height (inches)

53 – – – – 23 – – – – – – – – – –

35 – – – – 16 – – – – – – – – – –

22 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

53 – – – – 28 – – – – – – – – – –

35 – – – – 21 – – – – – – – – – –

22 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

53 – – – 14 34 – – – – – – – – – –

35 – – – – 26 – – – – 12 – – – – –

22 – – – – 13 – – – – – – – – – –

53 – – 13 19 40 – – – – 12 – – – – –

35 – – – 12 32 – – – – 16 – – – – –

22 – – – – 18 – – – – 11 – – – – –

53 – – 18 25 47 – – – – 17 – – – – –

35 – – 12 17 39 – – – – 22 – – – – –

25 – – – – 24 – – – 15 – – – – –

53 – 13 24 31 54 – – – – 23 – – – – –

35 – – 17 23 46 – – – – 29 – – – – 12

22 – – – 11 30 – – – – 21 – – – – –

53 – 19 31 39 60 – – – 11 30 – – – – 14

35 – 13 23 30 53 – – – 15 36 – – – – 18

22 – – 11 17 38 – – – – 28 – – – – 12

53 16 26 40 47 66 – – 12 17 39 – – – – 20

35 – 19 31 39 60 – – 16 22 44 – – – – 25

22 – – 17 24 46 – – – 15 36 – – – – 18

53 23 35 48 55 72 – – 18 25 47 – – – – 28

35 16 27 40 47 67 – 12 23 30 53 – – – 14 34

22 – 14 25 32 54 – – 16 23 45 – – – – 26

53 32 44 57 63 77 13 15 27 34 56 – – 11 17 38

35 24 36 49 56 73 12 20 32 40 61 – – 15 21 43

22 12 21 34 42 62 – 13 25 32 54 – – – 15 35

53 43 54 65 70 82 21 24 37 44 65 – – 19 26 48

35 34 46 59 65 78 20 29 43 50 69 – 13 24 31 53

22 20 31 45 52 70 18 22 35 42 63 – – 17 23 46

53 54 64 73 77 86 32 35 48 55 72 – 17 30 37 58

35 46 57 67 72 83 31 41 54 60 75 – 22 35 43 63

22 30 43 55 62 77 28 33 46 53 71 – 16 27 35 57

53 64 73 80 83 89 45 48 60 66 79 16 29 42 50 68

35 57 67 75 79 87 44 53 64 70 82 14 35 48 55 72

22 43 55 66 71 82 41 46 58 64 78 13 27 40 47 67

53 74 80 85 87 + 58 61 71 75 85 29 44 56 62 77

35 69 76 82 85 + 57 65 74 78 86 26 49 61 67 80

22 57 67 75 79 87 55 59 69 74 84 25 41 54 60 76

53 82 86 89 + + 71 73 80 83 89 46 59 69 74 84

35 78 83 87 89 + 70 76 82 85 + 43 64 73 77 86

22 70 77 83 85 + 68 71 79 82 89 42 57 68 72 83

53 88 + + + + 81 82 87 89 + 64 73 80 83 89

35 86 89 + + + 81 84 88 + + 61 76 82 85 +

22 80 85 89 + + 79 81 86 88 + 60 72 79 82 89

53 + + + + + 89 89 + + + 79 84 88 + +

35 + + + + + 88 + + + + 77 86 89 + +

22 88 + + + + 88 89 + + + 76 83 88 89 +

53 + + + + + + + + + + 89 + + + +

35 + + + + + + + + + + 88 + + + +

22 + + + + + + + + + + 88 + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 8M

Male Population Percentages for Pushing Tasks Sustained Force

Pushing Distance 7 Feet 25 Feet 50 Feet

Frequency: One Push Every 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Sustained Pushing Force (pounds)

105

Hand Height (inches)

57 – – – – 23 – – – – – – – – – –

37 – – – 11 28 – – – – – – – – – –

25 – – – – 27 – – – – – – – – – –

100

57 – – – 12 29 – – – – 11 – – – – –

37 – – 12 15 34 – – – – – – – – – –

25 – – 11 14 32 – – – – – – – – – –

57 – – 13 16 35 – – – – 16 – – – – –

37 – – 17 20 40 – – – – 14 – – – – –

25 – – 16 19 39 – – – – 11 – – – – –

57 – – 18 22 42 – – – – 21 – – – – –

37 – – 22 26 47 – – – – 20 – – – – –

25 – – 21 25 45 – – – – 16 – – – – –

57 – – 24 28 49 – – – 11 27 – – – – –

37 – 13 29 33 53 – – – – 26 – – – – –

25 – 12 28 32 52 – – – – 22 – – – – –

57 – 14 31 36 56 – – 13 16 35 – – – – 13

37 – 18 36 41 60 – – 12 15 33 – – – – 12

25 – 17 35 39 59 – – – 12 29 – – – – –

57 – 21 39 44 63 – – 19 23 43 – – – – 19

37 13 25 44 49 67 – – 18 21 41 – – – – 18

25 12 24 43 47 66 – – 14 17 37 – – – – 14

57 16 29 48 52 69 – 11 27 31 51 – – 12 15 26

37 20 33 53 57 72 – – 25 29 50 – – 12 14 24

25 19 32 52 55 72 – – 21 25 45 – – – 11 20

57 23 38 57 60 75 – 18 36 40 60 – – 19 23 34

37 28 43 61 64 78 – 16 34 38 58 – – 18 22 33

25 27 42 60 63 77 – 13 29 34 54 – – 14 18 28

57 33 48 65 68 80 – 26 46 50 67 – 12 28 33 43

37 38 52 69 71 82 – 25 44 48 66 – 11 27 31 42

25 37 51 68 71 82 – 21 39 44 63 – – 23 26 37

57 44 58 72 75 85 11 37 56 60 75 – 20 39 43 53

37 49 62 76 78 86 14 36 55 58 74 – 19 38 42 52

25 47 61 75 77 86 13 31 50 54 71 – 15 33 37 47

57 55 67 79 81 88 20 49 66 69 81 – 32 51 55 62

37 59 71 82 83 + 23 47 65 68 80 – 30 50 53 61

25 58 70 81 83 89 23 43 61 64 78 – 25 45 49 57

57 66 76 85 86 + 32 61 75 77 86 15 45 62 66 71

37 70 78 86 88 + 36 59 74 76 85 19 43 61 65 70

25 69 78 86 87 + 35 55 71 73 84 20 38 57 61 67

57 76 83 89 + + 47 72 82 84 + 28 58 73 76 79

37 78 85 + + + 50 71 81 83 + 33 57 72 75 78

25 78 84 + + + 50 67 79 81 88 34 53 69 72 75

57 84 88 + + + 62 81 88 89 + 44 71 82 83 85

37 85 + + + + 65 80 87 89 + 49 70 81 83 85

25 85 89 + + + 65 78 86 87 + 50 67 79 81 83

57 + + + + + 75 88 + + + 62 82 88 89 +

37 + + + + + 77 87 + + + 66 81 88 89 +

25 + + + + + 77 86 + + + 67 79 87 88 88

57 + + + + + 86 + + + + 77 89 + + +

37 + + + + + 87 + + + + 80 89 + + +

25 + + + + + 87 + + + + 80 88 + + +

57 + + + + + + + + + + 88 + + + +

37 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

25 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 9

Population Percentages for Pulling Tasks Initial Forces

Male Female

Frequency: One

Push Every

30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Frequency: One

Push Every

30s 1m 5m 3m 8h

Initial Pulling Force (pounds)

130

Hand Height (inches) — Males

57 – – – – –

Hand Height (inches) — Females

53 – – – – –

37 – – – – 13 35 – – – – –

25 – – – – 29 22 – – – – –

127

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – – – – 16 35 – – – – –

25 – – – – 33 22 – – – – –

124

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – – – – 19 35 – – – – –

25 – – – 11 37 22 – – – – –

121

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – – – – 22 35 – – – – –

25 – – 13 14 41 22 – – – – –

118

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – – – – 26 35 – – – – –

25 – – 16 17 45 25 – – – – –

115

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – – – – 30 35 – – – – –

25 – 12 19 20 49 22 – – – – –

112

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – – – – 34 35 – – – – –

25 – 15 23 24 53 22 – – – – –

109

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – – 12 13 39 35 – – – – –

25 – 18 27 28 58 22 – – – – –

106

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – – 15 16 43 35 – – – – –

25 11 22 31 33 62 22 – – – – –

103

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – 11 18 19 48 35 – – – – –

25 14 27 36 38 66 22 – – – – –

100

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – 15 22 24 53 35 – – – – –

25 17 31 41 43 70 22 – – – – –

57 – – – – – 53 – – – – –

37 – 18 27 28 58 35 – – – – –

25 21 36 46 48 73 22 – – – – –

57 – – – – 12 53 – – – – –

37 11 23 32 33 62 35 – – – – –

25 26 42 51 53 77 22 – – – – –

57 – – – – 16 53 – – – – –

37 14 28 37 39 67 35 – – – – –

25 31 47 56 58 80 22 – – – – 13

57 – – – – 20 53 – – – – –

37 19 33 43 44 71 35 – – – – 11

25 37 53 61 63 83 22 – – – – 17

57 – – – – 25 53 – – – – –

37 23 39 49 50 75 35 – – – – 15

25 42 58 66 68 85 22 – – – 14 22

57 – – – – 30 53 – – – – 14

37 29 45 54 56 79 35 – – – 12 20

25 48 63 71 72 88 22 – – 13 19 28

57 – – – 11 37 53 – – – 12 19

37 35 51 60 62 82 35 – – 12 17 26

25 54 68 75 76 + 22 – – 18 24 34

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 9 (Continued)

Population Percentages for Pulling Tasks Initial Forces

Male Female

Frequency: One

Push Every

30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Frequency: One

Push Every

30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Initial Pulling Force (pounds)

Hand Height (inches) — Males

57 – – 15 16 43

Hand Height (inches) — Females

53 – – 12 17 25

37 42 57 66 67 85 35 – – 17 23 32

25 60 73 79 80 + 22 – – 24 31 41

57 – 13 20 21 50 53 – – 17 23 32

37 48 63 71 72 88 35 – – 22 30 40

25 66 77 83 83 + 22 – 11 31 38 49

57 – 17 26 27 56 53 – – 23 30 40

37 55 69 76 77 + 35 – – 29 37 47

25 71 81 86 86 + 22 – 15 38 46 56

57 12 24 33 34 63 53 – – 30 38 48

37 62 74 80 81 + 35 – 15 37 45 55

25 76 85 88 89 + 22 13 22 46 54 63

57 17 31 40 42 69 53 – 15 38 46 56

37 68 79 84 84 + 35 13 21 46 53 63

25 81 88 + + + 25 19 29 54 62 70

57 23 39 48 50 75 53 14 22 47 55 64

37 74 83 87 88 + 35 19 29 54 62 70

25 84 + + + + 22 27 38 63 69 76

57 31 47 56 58 80 53 21 31 56 63 71

37 79 86 + + + 35 27 38 63 69 76

25 88 + + + + 22 36 47 70 76 82

57 40 56 64 66 84 53 29 40 65 71 78

37 83 89 + + + 35 37 48 71 76 82

25 + + + + + 22 46 57 77 81 86

57 49 64 72 73 88 53 40 51 73 78 83

37 87 + + + + 35 47 58 78 82 87

25 + + + + + 22 56 66 82 86 +

57 59 72 78 79 + 53 50 61 80 84 88

37 + + + + + 35 58 67 83 87 +

25 + + + + + 22 65 74 87 + +

57 68 78 83 84 + 53 61 70 85 88 +

37 + + + + + 35 68 76 88 + +

25 + + + + + 22 74 81 + + +

57 76 84 88 88 + 53 71 79 + + +

37 + + + + + 35 76 83 + + +

25 + + + + + 22 82 87 + + +

57 82 89 + + + 53 80 85 + + +

37 + + + + + 35 84 88 + + +

25 + + + + + 22 87 + + + +

57 88 + + + + 53 87 + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 89 + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 + + + + +

57 + + + + + 53 + + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 + + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 + + + + +

57 + + + + + 53 + + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 + + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 + + + + +

57 + + + + + 53 + + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 + + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 + + + + +

57 + + + + + 53 + + + + +

37 + + + + + 35 + + + + +

25 + + + + + 22 + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 10F

Female Population Percentages for Pulling Tasks Sustained Force

Pulling Distance

7 Feet 25 Feet 50 Feet

Frequency: One Pull Every 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Sustained Pushing Force (pounds)

Hand Height (inches)

53 – – – 13 – – – – – – – – – –

35 – – – – 11 – – – – – – – – – –

22 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

53 – – – – 19 – – – – – – – – – –

35 – – – – 16 – – – – – – – – – –

22 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

53 – – – – 25 – – – – 13 – – – – –

35 – – – – 21 – – – – – – – – – –

22 – – – – 13 – – – – – – – – – –

53 – – – – 32 – – – – 19 – – – – –

35 – – – – 29 – – – – 16 – – – – –

22 – – – – 19 – – – – – – – – – –

53 – – – 16 41 – – – – 26 – – – – –

35 – – – 13 37 – – – – 22 – – – – –

25 – – – – 26 – – – 14 – – – – –

53 – – 16 23 49 – – – 12 34 – – – – 15

35 – – 13 20 46 – – – – 31 – – – – 12

22 – – – 12 35 – – – – 21 – – – – –

53 – 12 24 32 58 – – 12 19 44 – – – – 22

35 – – 21 29 55 – – – 16 40 – – – – 19

22 – – 12 19 44 – – – – 30 – – – – 11

53 14 19 34 42 66 – – 20 28 54 – – – – 32

35 12 16 30 39 63 – – 17 24 50 – – – – 28

22 – – 20 28 54 – – – 15 40 – – – – 19

53 23 29 45 53 74 – 16 30 39 63 – – 12 18 43

35 20 26 41 50 72 – 13 26 35 60 – – – 15 39

22 12 17 30 39 64 – – 17 25 51 – – – – 29

53 35 41 56 64 80 17 27 42 51 72 – – 21 29 55

35 31 38 53 61 79 14 23 38 47 70 – – 18 25 51

22 21 27 43 51 73 – 15 28 36 62 – – – 16 41

53 48 54 67 73 86 28 40 55 63 80 – 19 33 42 66

35 45 51 65 71 85 25 36 52 59 78 – 16 30 38 63

22 34 40 55 63 80 16 26 41 50 72 – – 20 28 54

53 62 67 77 81 + 43 55 67 73 86 – 33 48 56 74

35 59 64 75 80 89 40 51 65 71 85 – 29 45 53 74

22 49 55 68 74 86 29 41 56 63 80 – 19 34 43 66

53 74 78 85 88 + 59 69 78 82 + 23 50 64 70 84

35 72 76 83 86 + 56 66 76 81 + 20 46 60 67 83

22 64 69 78 82 + 46 57 69 75 87 12 35 51 59 77

53 84 86 + + + 74 80 86 89 + 43 67 77 81 +

35 82 85 + + + 71 78 85 88 + 39 64 75 79 89

22 77 80 87 89 + 64 72 81 84 + 28 55 68 73 86

53 + + + + + 85 89 + + + 64 81 87 89 +

35 + + + + + 84 88 + + + 61 79 85 88 +

22 87 89 + + + 79 84 89 + + 51 73 81 85 +

53 + + + + + + + + + + 81 + + + +

35 + + + + + + + + + + 80 89 + + +

22 + + + + + 89 + + + + 74 86 + + +

53 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

35 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

22 + + + + + + + + + + 89 + + + +

53 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

35 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

22 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 10M

Male Population Percentages for Pulling Tasks Sustained Force

Pulling Distance

7 Feet 25 Feet 50 Feet

Frequency: One Pull Every 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h 30s 1m 5m 30m 8h

Sustained Pushing Force (pounds)

105

Hand Height (inches)

57 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

37 – – – – 18 – – – – – – – – – –

25 – – – – 25 – – – – – – – – – –

100

57 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

37 – – – – 24 – – – – – – – – – –

25 – – – – 31 – – – – – – – – – –

57 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

37 – – – – 31 – – – – – – – – – –

25 – – – 13 38 – – – – 13 – – – – –

57 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

37 – – – 13 38 – – – – 13 – – – – –

25 – – – 19 46 – – – – 19 – – – – –

57 – – – – 11 – – – – – – – – – –

37 – – – 19 46 – – – – 19 – – – – –

25 – – – 26 54 – – – – 26 – – – – 11

57 – – – – 17 – – – – – – – – – –

37 – – – 27 54 – – – – 27 – – – – 11

25 – – 15 34 61 – – – 11 35 – – – – 17

57 – – – – 25 – – – – – – – – – –

37 – – 16 35 62 – – – 12 36 – – – – 18

25 – – 22 43 69 – – – 17 44 – – – – 24

57 – – – 11 34 – – – – 11 – – – – –

37 – 11 24 45 70 – – – 19 46 – – – – 26

25 – 16 31 53 75 – – – 25 53 – – – – 34

57 – – – 18 45 – – – – 18 – – – – –

37 – 18 34 55 77 – – – 28 56 – – – 12 36

25 16 25 41 62 81 – – 16 36 63 – – – 18 44

57 – – 11 28 56 – – – – 28 – – – – 12

37 18 28 45 65 83 – – 18 39 65 – – – 20 48

25 25 36 53 71 86 – – 25 47 71 – – 14 27 55

57 – – 19 40 66 – – – 15 41 – – – – 22

37 29 40 57 74 87 – – 29 51 74 – 13 17 32 59

25 37 48 63 78 + – 12 37 58 79 – 19 23 40 66

57 – 17 32 53 76 – – – 26 54 – – – 11 34

37 43 53 68 81 + – 16 42 63 81 – 23 29 45 70

25 50 61 73 85 + – 23 50 69 85 – 31 36 53 75

57 20 30 46 66 83 – – 20 41 67 – – – 22 49

37 57 66 78 87 + – 29 56 74 87 12 38 43 59 79

25 64 72 82 + + 14 37 64 79 + 18 46 51 66 83

57 35 46 62 77 89 – 11 35 57 78 – 17 22 37 64

37 70 77 85 + + 21 46 70 83 + 26 54 59 72 86

25 76 81 88 + + 29 53 76 86 + 33 61 66 77 89

57 54 63 75 86 + – 26 54 72 86 – 34 40 56 77

37 81 86 + + + 39 63 81 89 + 44 70 74 83 +

25 85 89 + + + 47 69 85 + + 52 75 78 86 +

57 71 78 86 + + 23 47 71 84 + 27 56 61 73 87

37 89 + + + + 60 78 89 + + 64 82 85 + +

25 + + + + + 67 82 + + + 70 86 88 + +

57 85 89 + + + 48 70 85 + + 53 75 79 86 +

37 + + + + + 78 89 + + + 81 + + + +

25 + + + + + 82 + + + + 84 + + + +

57 + + + + + 74 86 + + + 77 89 + + +

37 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

25 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 11F

Female Population Percentages for Carrying Tasks

Carrying Distance

7 Feet 14 Feet 28 Feet

Frequency: One Lower Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Hand Height (inches)

40 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

31 – – – – 21 – – – – – – – – – –

40 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

31 – – – – 28 – – – – 70 – – – – 12

40 – – – – 15 – – – – 13 – – – – –

31 – – – – 36 – – – – 21 – – – – 18

40 – – – – 22 – – – – 19 – – – – –

31 – – – – 45 – – – – 29 – – – – 25

40 – – – – 30 – – – – 27 – – – – 13

31 – – – – 54 – – – – 38 – – – – 34

40 – – – – 40 – – – – 36 – – – – 20

31 – – – 11 63 – – – – 47 – – – – 43

40 – – – – 50 – – – – 46 – – – – 29

31 – – 14 18 71 – – – – 57 – – – – 54

40 – – – – 60 – – – – 57 – – – – 39

31 – 14 22 27 79 – – 11 14 67 – – – 12 63

40 – – 13 17 70 – – 11 14 67 – – – – 51

31 18 22 33 39 85 – – 18 23 75 – 15 15 20 73

40 – 13 22 27 78 – – 19 24 76 – – – 11 62

31 28 34 45 51 89 – – 29 34 82 12 25 25 30 80

40 17 23 34 40 85 – – 31 36 83 – 15 15 20 73

31 41 47 58 63 + – 13 42 47 88 22 37 37 43 86

40 29 36 48 54 + – 15 44 50 89 18 27 27 32 81

31 55 60 70 74 + – 23 55 61 + 35 51 51 57 +

40 44 51 62 67 + 11 27 59 64 + 31 41 41 47 88

31 68 72 80 83 + 19 38 69 73 + 50 65 65 70 +

40 60 66 75 79 + 23 43 72 76 + 47 57 57 63 +

31 79 82 87 89 + 34 54 80 83 + 65 77 77 81 +

40 74 79 85 87 + 40 60 83 86 + 64 72 72 76 +

31 88 + + + + 51 70 88 + + 78 86 86 88 +

40 85 88 + + + 59 76 + + + 78 84 84 86 +

31 + + + + + 69 82 + + + 87 + + + +

40 + + + + + 77 87 + + + 88 + + + +

31 + + + + + 83 + + + + + + + + +

+ = Greater than 90%

– = Less than 10%

Table 11M

Male Population Percentages for Carrying Tasks

Carrying Distance

7 Feet 14 Feet 28 Feet

Frequency: One Lower Every 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h 15s 30s 1m 5m 8h

Object Weight (pounds)

Hand Height (inches)

43 – – – 18 50 – – – – 36 – – – – 22

33 – 11 22 36 67 – – 11 21 54 – – – 15 47

43 – – 12 23 56 – – – 12 42 – – – – 28

33 – 15 28 42 71 – – 15 27 60 – – 11 20 53

43 – – 17 29 62 – – – 17 49 – – – – 34

33 14 20 35 49 75 – – 21 34 65 – 15 16 26 59

43 – – 22 35 66 – – 11 21 54 – – – – 40

33 18 25 40 54 78 – – 26 39 70 – 19 20 32 64

43 – 14 27 41 70 – – 15 27 60 – – – 14 46

33 23 31 46 59 81 – 13 31 45 73 11 24 25 38 68

43 13 19 33 47 74 – – 20 33 65 – – – 19 52

33 29 37 52 64 84 – 17 38 51 77 15 30 31 44 73

43 18 25 40 53 78 – – 26 39 69 – 13 14 25 58

33 35 44 58 69 86 11 23 44 57 80 21 37 38 50 76

43 24 32 46 59 81 – 13 32 46 74 – 18 19 31 63

33 42 50 64 74 88 16 29 51 63 83 27 44 45 57 80

43 31 39 53 65 84 – 19 40 53 78 – 25 26 38 69

33 49 57 69 78 + 22 37 58 69 86 34 51 52 63 83

43 39 47 60 71 87 13 26 47 60 82 16 32 34 46 74

33 57 64 74 82 + 29 44 64 74 88 42 58 59 69 86

43 47 55 67 76 89 19 34 55 67 85 23 41 42 54 79

33 64 70 79 85 + 37 52 70 78 + 50 65 66 74 88

43 56 62 73 80 + 27 43 63 73 88 31 50 51 62 83

33 70 75 83 88 + 46 60 76 83 + 58 71 72 79 +

43 64 70 78 84 + 37 52 70 78 + 41 58 59 69 86

33 76 80 86 + + 55 68 81 86 + 66 77 78 83 +

43 71 76 83 88 + 47 61 76 83 + 51 67 68 76 89

33 81 85 89 + + 64 75 85 89 + 73 82 82 87 +

43 78 82 87 + + 58 70 82 87 + 61 74 75 82 +

33 86 88 + + + 72 81 88 + + 80 86 87 + +

43 85 87 + + + 70 79 88 + + 73 82 83 87 +

33 + + + + + 81 87 + + + 86 + + + +

43 + + + + + 81 87 + + + 82 89 89 + +

33 + + + + + 88 + + + + + + + + +

Manual Handling Task Evaluation Worksheet

Instructions:

Use this worksheet to

record data when using

the Liberty Mutual

Tables or CompuTask2™

software.

Customer Location Department Date

Job Title Task Description Total Workers Exposed Coupling

(good, fair or poor)

File Name Evaluated By Ofce Period

From:

Continuous Duration (hrs) Minimum Rest Period (mins.) Total Injuries Produced by Task To:

Measurements and Observations. Use the Material Handling scale kit if needed.

Component

Hand

Height

Distance

Lift, Lower

Hand Distance

Object

Weight

Push, Pull Force

Task

Frequency

Twisting

Angle

Comments

lift, lower, push,

pull, carry

at Start

(in.)

Lift, Lower

(in.)

Push, Pull,

Carry (ft.)

from Body (in.) (lbs) Initial (lbs)

Sustained

(lbs)

One Every

(s, m, h)

(degrees)

Risk Control from Liberty Mutual Insurance

libertymutualgroup.com/riskcontrolservices

@LibertyB2B

The illustrations, instructions, and principles contained in the material are general in scope and, to the best of our knowledge, current at the time of publication. Our risk control services are

advisory only. We assume no responsibility for: managing or controlling customer safety activities, implementing any recommended corrective measures, or identifying all potential hazards.

No attempt has been made to interpret any referenced codes, standards, or regulations. Please refer to the appropriate government authority for interpretation or clarication.

Insurance underwritten by Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. or its afliates or subsidiaries.

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