Did you know that the population is estimated to grow to
more than 9 billion people by the year 2050?
Farmers will need to grow 60% MORE food than we do today to feed the
growing world population. They will even have to do it on a less amount of land.
How will we work together to preserve the earth?
It starts with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math and how we
apply these in agriculture. New developments in science help farmers grow
more food on less land. Technology allows farmers to be more efcient. They
use GPS to apply fertilizers and nutrients on specic areas of a eld. Engineering systems help us nd new ways
to use things. Farmers can use math to gure out how much food each animal needs.
Farmers and ranchers are continually looking for ways to make agriculture better, but they can’t do it alone.
Agriculture has a variety of jobs to choose from that need new and talented employees to be ready to ll positions
and be the next generation of agriculture.
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
ENGINEERING, & MATH
IN AGRICULTURE
Issue 3
THINK & DISCUSS
What other ways do you
think Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Math
are applied & used in
agriculture?
How can you be involved in
an agricultural career?
Think about the people in the
world. How many people live
on Earth today? Put a check
mark next to your answer:
1 BILLION
7.4 BILL ION
9 BILLION
11
A LINK BETWEEN
SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE
ROBOTS: COMING TO A DAIRY FARM NEAR YOU
Did you know that when your grandparents were young, they had to get up to change the TV channel? And, they
talked on a phone with a cord attached to a wall! Technology has changed many things and made our lives easier.
Technology is on farms too—tractors steer themselves and computers mix animal feed. Visit a farm and you will nd
technology everywhere—even robots milking dairy cows!
Science is found and applied in all areas of agriculture—animals, plants
and everything in between! Read the list about agriculture on the left,
and draw a line to the scientic word that it matches.
Caitlyn Bruns, PhD, is an
expert in applying science
in agriculture. Caitlyn is
a geneticist with DNA
Genetics in Columbus,
NE. She works with swine
farms to collect accurate
data, research new traits,
and organize the genetics
database.
Caitlyn uses genetics every day. Genetics is the
science of studying how living things pass on
characteristics from one generation to another.
Caitlyn studies genetic relationships in pigs. She
takes information from individual pigs such as
how much they weigh, how fast they grow, and
how much they eat, and then uses statistical
analysis to identify the pigs farmers need to
breed in order to get the best next generation!
She tracks these traits through bar coded ear
tags. Genetics, biology, and statistics—science
is everywhere in what Caitlyn does!
ONE OF A KIND
A soybean plant uses sunlight to
turn carbon dioxide into “food”
BIOLOGYBIOLOGY
The study of how traits are passed
from a bull and cow to the baby calf
PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS
Tracking how a pig’s digestive system
converts feed into muscle and meat
CHEMISTRYCHEMISTRY
How the soil converts fertilizers
into nutrients for plant growth
GENETICSGENETICS
HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED WHY YOUR HAIR IS THAT
COLOR? OR WHY YOURE THAT TALL? IT HAS TO DO
WITH GENETICS!
ARE YOU INTERESTED IN SCIENCE AND IN ANIMALS?
There are many opportunities for you. Nutritionists
help determine the best diet. Veterinarians maintain
health. And everyone in animal agriculture needs a basic
understanding of the biology of animals—swine, beef,
sheep, horses, goats, and more!
Bar coded ear tag
is in each pig
DEMERATH DAIRY—NEBRASKA’S FIRST ROBOTIC DAIRY
Robots are a real part of Bill Demerath’s dairy farm in Plainview.
When his dad started the dairy, they milked all cows by hand—
two times a day! In February of 2017, the Demerath family built a
brand new barn for their cows and added four robots to do all the
milking—two on each side of the barn. Each robot can milk 60 cows
a day, twice a day, for a total of 240 cows.
The cows wear an electronic collar that
tracks their activities and records information
about milking. The cows walk to the robot
in the milking stall where they get a cherry
avored pellet to eat—like cow candy! The
robot attaches to each of the four quarters
of the cow’s udder and detaches when the
cow is done being milked. The cows set their
own milking schedule. A cow may come in
to be milked at 8 a.m. She can come back to
the stall and robot anytime, but until she has
more milk in her udder, she doesn’t get more
pellets to eat—which might be 6-7 hours
later. Then she will get milked again!
WHAT MADE BILL DECIDE TO
USE ROBOTS IN HIS DAIRY?
• Robots increase the number of cows
milked. The cows are now milked
more times per day, which means they
produce more milk.
• The data that is collected on each cow
(recorded from her electronic collar) is
used to help with her nutrition, health,
and quality of milk produced.
• The Demeraths can access
information on an individual cow
anytime and produce reports which
help management of all areas of the
dairy.
Draw a technology invention you think a farmer will use 50 years from now.
Share with your classmates and explain how and why farmers would use it!
2 333
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Gottsch Cattle Company started in 1957 and is involved in all aspects of cattle ranching—from cows having calves to selling the steers and heifers—to the feed, nutrition, health, and marketing of all the cattle.
Jeremiah Rieken oversees all Nebraska locations for Gottsch. He explains that Gottsch has locations in Elkhorn, Hastings, North Platte, Juniata, Red Cloud, and Maxwell. They also have locations in Rosalia, KS,
Rochester, TX, and Unionville, MO! Guess what else they have? Employees that use Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math every single day. What does that mean for you? It means that no matter where you live
in Nebraska, your daily life is inuenced by the use of science, technology, engineering, and math in agriculture. It also means there are lots of career opportunities waiting for you in any size of community in our state!
Directions: Read about each individual and their duties. Below each, circle Science, Technology, Engineering, or Math if the individual uses that in their everyday role. Circle all that apply!
Jeremiah says there
are words farmers
and ranchers use
when talking about
cattle. Look for the
following agricultural
terms as you read
about Gottsch Cattle
Company.
TALK LIKE A
FARMER AND
RANCHER
Jeremiah Rieken
Operations Manager,
Hastings
Troy manages the eight trucks and
drivers that deliver wet distillers
grain to each feedlot. Each feedlot
tells him how much cattle feed they
need. Then, Troy creates a report to
calculate how many tons each feedlot
needs every day.
For example: The Juniata feedlot
needs 972,000 pounds of feed on
Monday. Let’s help Troy gure out how
many truck loads of feed they need!
Each day Laurie
takes care of
deposits and pays
bills for Gottsch.
She tells the
feedlot how many
cattle are arriving
and on what day.
Laurie uses
computers
and databases
every day. She
uses a machine
that swipes the checks for deposit—it
automatically sends so Laurie doesn’t
have to go to the bank!
Mary takes care of cattle that
are sick and makes sure they
get the medicine they need to
get better. She keeps an eye
on the animals until they are
healthy.
Many times, sick animals have
respiratory illness—just like
when you get a cold! Mary
uses a whisper stethoscope
and puts it on the steers side
to listen to the lungs. She
clicks a button on a computer
that records the lungs for eight seconds. Then, Mary
determines what medicine to give based on the lung
reading. There are 5 different medicines to choose
from, and the dosage is calculated by how much the
animal weighs.
Jake works on the Pawnee
Springs Ranch and handles
all duties of the cow/calf
ranch. There are 90 heifers
and 300 cows. He calculates
how much cake to feed them
each day. When the cows are
ready to give birth to a calf,
Jake regularly checks them.
Jake makes sure when the calf
is born the momma cow licks
them to clean them off and
the baby calf stands up and
nurses from the cows udder.
Jake uses a computer program called CattleXpert. All
cows have an EID tag in their ear. When one of the EID
tags is scanned, the program identies the cow and
tracks genetics in the calves.
Mary Snell
Doctoring Crew,
Red Cloud
Jake Warren
Cowboy,
Maxwell
Mike makes daily feed calls to each
cattle with his laptop. When cattle are
young, they eat more hay, and as they
grow, transition to more corn. Mike
works on developing a ration that has
the right amount of feed so there is no
extra feed in the pens that will spoil.
Mike also runs the roller mill which
akes corn. He takes dry corn out of
the eld, adds water to it, and heats
it up with steam which cooks it. It is
then run through a roller mill which
attens it out. This is done to get more
starch out of the corn for cattle to eat which provides better
nutritional value.
Dennis is responsible for the employees
and 82,000 cattle in North Platte. He
manages the department for shipping
and receiving cattle, which includes
calculating the amount of feed each
animal will need.
Dennis needs to gure out how many
pounds a steer must gain to be ready for
market.
He estimates a steer will gain 3.8
pounds of weight per day for 170 days.
RANCH - where cows are raised to give birth to
calves
FEEDLOT - a place where cattle are fed to grow
large muscles for meat
CALF - a young beef animal under one year old
HEIFER - a female cow that has not had a calf
COW - a fully grown female that has had a calf
STEER - a neutered male beef raised for meat
WEANED - a baby calf that no longer nurses on
its mother
LOT - a group of cattle
MILL - where corn is processed for cattle feed
WET DISTILLERS GRAIN - a cereal by-product
from corn used for feed
CAKE - dried distillers grain in a large pellet form
RATION - the amount of feed an animal receives
in one day
EID TAG - Electronic Identication Tag, placed
in the animal’s ear
Mike Faimon
Mill Manager,
Red Cloud
Troy Bonifas
Operations Manager,
Hastings
Dennis Stuckey
Feedlot Supervisor,
North Platte
Laurie Fisher
Accounting,
Elkhorn
Next:
S T E M
S T E MS T E M
S T E M
S T E M
S T E M
972,000
Pounds needed
________________
Tons of feed needed
2,000
Pounds in a ton
27
Tons a truck carries
per load
________________
Tons of feed needed
________________
Number of truck loads
of feed to take to Juanita
÷
÷
=
=
What will be the nal weight of the steer?
3.8
Amount gained per day
850 pounds
Current weight
170
Days on feed
________________
Pounds steer will gain
________________
Pounds steer will gain
________________
Final market weight of steer
×
+
=
=
4 54 5
BUILD, MODEL, INVENT - AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
Agricultural engineering includes many areas—the design of farm machinery, planning farm structures, soil
drainage and management, water supply, and even the processing of farm products. There is and always will be
a need for engineers in agriculture because farmers need ever-improving equipment and technology to feed the
world! And guess what? There are many engineering opportunities right here in Nebraska!
In order for agriculturalists to be successful, they must use math—there’s no way around
it! For example, researchers use math to apply the correct amount of fertilizer. Farmers
use math to determine how many cattle can graze per acre of land and how many seeds
to plant per acre in a eld. Lets learn about a farmer who uses math on his soybean farm.
Soybeans are grown in Nebraska to provide hundreds of products for us to use each day. Use
your math skills to “decode” the letters that form words to describe common soybean products!
Use these two products to keep yourself clean:
A renewable fuel used in tractors:
Livestock make a meal of this:
and
11x2
4x4
44-22
(6x5)-8
27-(4x2)
(10x2)+(4+3)`
2x10
(9x2)+1
100-80
(2x2)x11
9x3
17-8
3x3
5x4
(9x2)x3
(3x2)+(2+1)
63-41
(2x2)x9
(10x3)+3
(6x6)+(3+4)
(2x4x3)-8
15-4
(10x2)+7
21-10 18-9
(2x2)x5(9x4)-(3x1)
(7x11)+3
(9x6)-27 160/2
(5x5)-5
CLAAS—MANUFACTURING AGRICULTURAL
EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGIES
MARK LUNDEEN—USING MATH TO RAISE SOYBEANS!
SOYBEANSMULTIPLY THE USES!
WHAT IS CLAAS?
CLAAS is a family-owned manufacturer of agricultural
equipment and technologies, including combines, forage
harvesters, tractors, balers, and hay tools. The CLAAS world
headquarters are located in Germany. Omaha is home to
the CLAAS North American Headquarters and the hub for
engineering, sales, service, product, and marketing teams.
Omaha is also where the CLAAS combines are built that are
sold in the United States and Canada.
Did you know that
a new tractor can’t
be sold in Nebraska
without being tested
by the University of
Nebraska-Lincoln
Tractor Test Lab?
According to lab
director Roger Hoy,
tractors are tested for
power take off performance, pulling power,
and hydraulic power. This proves the tractor
will perform as advertised.
TRACTORS – BETTER, FASTER, STRONGER!
HOW IS ENGINEERING
A PART OF CLAAS?
CLAAS uses many
types and aspects of
engineering. Design
engineers, for example,
develop and test the
electrical and mechanical
components of a
machine. Manufacturing
engineers develop
processes for turning raw
materials into a nished
piece of equipment.
WHAT ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS IS CLAAS USING?
CLAAS has a long history of agricultural engineering
innovations. Since founded in 1913, the company has
applied for more than 5,000 patents! The latest innovations
are focused on precision farming technologies that
automate harvesting processes like steering, ground speed,
grain threshing, and trailer-lling to help make farmers more
productive and efcient.
Roger Hoy
UNL Tractor Test Lab
THINK, RESEARCH, DISCUSS!
What are other Nebraska agricultural companies that employ engineers?
Where can you study agricultural engineering?
What are two other areas of agriculture (other than farm equipment) that offer careers in ag engineering?
IT ALL ADDS UP!
9 11 16 18 19 20 22 27 30 33 36 42 43 44 45 54 59 66 75 80 88 90
A M B C I O S E R P N G D H T Y W F U L K J
Mark Lundeen is a 6th generation farmer from Minden,
Nebraska. He farms with his wife, Rebekah, his brother, and
parents. They raise soybeans and corn.
Mark says, “I use math in raising soybeans every day. I need to
know how much it costs me to produce a bushel of soybeans;
how much seed, fertilizer, herbicide, and water to apply; and
where the most protable levels to sell the crop are at.
Mark believes it is important for farmers to have good math
skills because there is little margin for error in making a prot, and there are lots of
decisions that have to be made. Those can include producing the crop, selling the
crop and long-term decisions like buying equipment or land.
I think it is important for kids to
know how to use math because
it is something you use nearly
every day. It is important to
understand how numbers
drive decisions in
agriculture and
any other
industry.
UNL has one of the only programs focused
in machinery systems, thanks to the Tractor
Test Lab. There are fantastic opportunities for
ag engineers—I havent had any students not
have one good job offer when leaving college.
6 76 7
HOW CAN YOU BE A PART OF AGRICULTURE AND STEM?
Nebraska Agriculture in the Classroom is a program of the Nebraska Farm Bureau Foundation whose
mission is to engage youth, educators, and the general public to promote an understanding of the vital
importance of agriculture in the lives of all Nebraskans. To learn more or access an electronic version of
this publication, visit us at www.nefbfoundation.org or contact the Nebraska Farm Bureau Foundation.
(402 ) 421-4747 | 5225 South 16th Street, Lincoln, NE 68512
www.nefbfoundation.org | foundationforag@nefb.org
Special thanks to these organizations for their continuous support: Nebraska Corn Board, Nebraska Beef Council, Nebraska Pork Producers Association, We Support Ag,
Nebraska Soybean Checkoff, and Nebraska Wheat Board.
CIRCLE THE WORDS THAT ARE
INTERESTING TO YOU!
Did you circle at least one word? You sound
interested in STEM! Explore careers and ways you
can be involved in agriculture and STEM.
Computers
Numbers
Improving
Building
Designing
Research
Robots
Technology
YOU CAN LEARN HOW FARMERS USE SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY
YOU CAN LOOK FOR A CAREER IN AG
TECHNOLOGY
YOU CAN LEARN WHERE YOUR FOOD COMES
FROM AND HOW IT IS GROWN
Science and technology go together at
Zach Hunnicutt’s farm. He farms near
Giltner and raises corn, popcorn, seed
corn, and soybeans.
Zach uses an app on his phone to
check soil moisture levels to determine
when to start or stop irrigating. He also
has a drone that ies over elds and
collects images that are analyzed for
data that can tell him about his crops’
health and water use efciency.
Hope Lewis works for Ag
Leader, a precision farming
company. They manage
crops in a site-specic way,
using GPS and electronic
record keeping systems.
Hope recruits, trains, and
helps with business planning.
She uses her laptop, phone,
and tablet every day.
Nebraska may be best known as the Cornhusker state,
but our state ranks 8th in WHEAT production!
There are approximately 1.5 million
acres of wheat grown each year.
Hard red winter wheat is the main
ingredient for loaf bread and
hamburger buns.
The average bushel of wheat
weighs 60 pounds.
Zach Hunnicutt
Nebraska Corn
Farmer
Hope Lewis
Ag Leader
There’s no denying how cool it is that my tractor is being
guided by satellites in space. There’s always more to learn
when it comes to science and technology.
In the future, computer systems will be more
complicated and require more experience to design
and x them. It will take lots of skills from your
generation to make all these things work together.
If a farmer harvests 800 acres
of wheat at 55 bushels per acre,
what will his total harvest weigh?
DIGGING DEEPER…
88