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Chemical

Hygiene

Plan

Last Revised: February 16, 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section 1. Introduction 1

Section 2. College Organization 6

Section 3. General Principles 8

Section 4. Standard Operating Procedures 9

Section 5. Record-Keeping Procedures 15

Section 6. Laboratory Safety Procedures 17

Section 7. Procedures for Inspections 26

Section 8. Specific Exposure Control Measures 26

Section 9. Training Opportunities 30

Section 10. Emergency Prevention and Response 31

Section 11. Spill Response Procedures 35

APPENDICES Referenced

1.2, 9.1

4.12

4.13, 5.6

5.7

7.1

7.2

8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 10.3

Appendix A. 29 CFR 1910.1450 “The Laboratory Standard”

Appendix B. 29 CFR 1910.101 "Compressed Gases"

Appendix C. Form to Request Prior Approval

Appendix D. Haz

Chemical Exposure Incident Report Form

Appendix E. Laboratory Safety Equipment

Appendix F. Laboratory Safety Inspection Form

Appendix G. Selected Bibliography

Appendix H. Record of Training

9.2

Section 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of This Document

This Chemical Hygiene Plan is a document designed to express the policies and procedures

adopted by Farmingdale State College (the “College”) as they relate to the safe operation of

laboratories using chemicals. The Chemical Hygiene Plan is derived from the Laboratory

Standard, a regulation promulgated in the January 31, 1990, issue of the Federal Register. The

goal of the Laboratory Standard is to provide a safe laboratory workplace, and it includes

requirements on occupational exposures to hazardous chemicals.

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Laboratory Standard requires that

employers protect workers through the development and implementation of a Chemical Hygiene

Plan tailored to the individual laboratory workplace. The purpose of the Laboratory Standard and

of this Chemical Hygiene Plan is to protect employees from harm due to exposure to hazardous

chemicals while they are working in the laboratory.

Many policies and practices may not be part of the Chemical Hygiene Plan, and yet they are

crucial to the planning process that must be part of maintaining a safe environment for employees

and students. It is therefore incumbent upon each employee to maintain a safety conscious

approach to their daily work activities, particularly those within a laboratory.

1.2 Application of the OSHA Laboratory Standard

The Occupational Safety and Health Act is administered by the Occupational Safety and Health

Administration, which is part of the Department of Labor. OSHA promulgated regulations are

found in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 29, Section 1910 (cited as 29 CFR 1910).

Appendix A of this document contains the full text of 29 CFR 1910.1450, “The Laboratory

Standard,” and this introduction contains a summary of that code. Farmingdale State College is

regulated by the New York State Department of Labor (NYSDOL) and the New York State

Division of Safety and Health (NYSDOSH).

What is covered by the Laboratory Standard?

This standard applies to employers engaged in laboratory use of hazardous chemicals.

“Laboratory” means a facility where the “laboratory use of hazardous chemicals” occurs. It is

a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non-

production basis.

“Laboratory use of hazardous chemicals” means handling or use of such chemicals in which all

of the following conditions are met:

• Chemical manipulations are carried out on a “laboratory scale” (i.e., work with substances in

which the containers used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of substances is

designed to be easily handled by one person);

• Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used;

• The procedures involved are not part of a production process, nor do they in any way

simulate a production process; and

• “Protective laboratory practices and equipment” are available and in common use to

minimize the potential for worker exposure to hazardous chemicals.

A “hazardous chemical” is a chemical for which there is statistically significant evidence (based

on at least one study conducted according to established scientific principles) that acute or

chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees, or if it meets one or more of the

following:

• Any chemical which is a physical hazard or a health hazard (OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200(c)) or

29 CFR 1910.1450(b));

• Any chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a

compressed gas, explosive, flammable, organic peroxide, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive), or

reacts violently with water;

• Any chemical, for which there is statistical evidence based on at least one study conducted in

accordance with established scientific principles that acute or chronic health effects may

occur in exposed employees, is classified as a health hazard. Health hazards include

chemicals that are carcinogens, toxin or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins, irritants,

corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins, neurotoxins, agents which act on the

hematopoietic systems; and agents that damage the lungs, skin, eye or mucous membranes as

defined in 29 CFR 1910.1200, Appendix A;

• Any chemical, for which the evaluation performed by the chemical manufacturer/importer, as

listed on the Safety Data Sheet (SDS), indicates it is hazardous;

• Any chemical listed in OSHA, 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z, "Toxic and Hazardous Substances"

or Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 40 CFR Part 261 "Identification and Listing of

Hazardous Waste.";

• Any chemical listed in the "Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical

Agents in the Work Environment", American Conference of Governmental Industrial

Hygienist (ACGIH) (latest edition) or "The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical

Substances", NIOSH (latest edition);

• Any chemical regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation, 49 CFR, Subchapter C,

Parts 171-172;

• Any chemical that is capable of causing environmental or health damage if disposed of

improperly as specified in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Title 40 Code of

Federal Regulations (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act); and

• Any mixture untested as a whole to determine whether it is a physical or health hazard is

assumed to present the same physical or health hazard as the individual components that

compromise one percent or greater (by weight or volume) of the mixture. An exception is the

mixture shall be assumed to present a carcinogenic hazard if it contains a component which is

considered to be a carcinogen in concentration of 0.1 percent or greater.

“Employees” who must abide by this Chemical Hygiene Plan are individuals employed in the

laboratory workplace who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in the course of their

assignment. Included are employees who work in the laboratory such as instructors and technical

support, and other employees of the College who routinely enter the laboratory to perform their

assigned responsibilities, such as maintenance and janitorial personnel.

What Is Not Covered by the Laboratory Standard?

Any hazardous chemical use which does not meet this definition is regulated under other

standards. This includes other hazardous chemical use within a laboratory. For instance:

• Chemicals used in building maintenance of a laboratory are not covered under the Laboratory

Standard.

• The production of a chemical for commercial sale, even in small quantities, is not covered by

the Laboratory Standard.

• Quality control testing of a product is not covered under the Laboratory Standard.

The laboratory Standard is a regulation promulgated for the protection of employees. Since

students are not employees, they are not officially covered by provisions of the Chemical

Hygiene Plan. However, since this document contains guidance on generally accepted good

laboratory practice, it should be used to establish minimal safety instruction and

procedures for students.

Additionally, laboratory visitors, such as sales staff, outside repair persons, and guests are not

included in the definition of employee and thus do not need to be addressed in the Chemical

Hygiene Plan.

1.3 Summary of the Chemical Hygiene Plan

In compliance with the Laboratory Standard, the College has prepared and implemented this

Chemical Hygiene Plan (the “Plan”). Adherence to the Plan will assure that employees will be

protected from health hazards associated with hazardous chemicals in the laboratory, and

exposed to regulated substances at a level that will not exceed the permissible exposure limits.

This Chemical Hygiene Plan is composed of the following sections:

• This introduction which states the goal and basis for the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

• A list of the College personnel responsible for various aspects of the Plan and its

implementation.

• General principles which outlines the guidelines for working with laboratory chemicals.

• Standard operating procedures for laboratories, the implementation of which will help the

Chemical Hygiene Officer and all employees in meeting the goal of the Chemical Hygiene

Plan.

• Record-keeping requirements and procedures for reporting items related to laboratory health

and safety.

• Laboratory safety procedures.

• Procedures for inspecting laboratories and reviewing the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

• A description of the situations in which employees must use specific exposure control

measures.

• Information regarding training opportunities for employees.

• Emergency response procedures.

• Spill response procedures.

• Appendices which supply references and other useful information.

Section 2: COLLEGE ORGANIZATION

The continuing execution of the provisions of the College’s Chemical Hygiene Plan is a

responsibility of all employees who are involved in the laboratory science program. However,

certain employees and entities are specifically charged with the successful execution of the

Chemical Hygiene Plan.

2.1 President or Chief Executive Officer

The President, as Chief Executive Officer, has the ultimate responsibility for chemical hygiene

within the College. The President should, with other administrators, provide continuing support

for College-wide chemical hygiene programs, including the development and enforcement of the

Chemical Hygiene Plan.

2.2 Dean

In each school, the Dean or other administrative head is responsible for chemical hygiene

programs at that location. The Dean should monitor compliance with the Chemical Hygiene

Plan.

2.3 Project Director

Some situations may require a Project Director, who may be a department head, professor, or

someone from outside the normal school structure who has a particular responsibility related to

the laboratory, but who is not part of the regular teaching or instructional responsibilities. The

project director has specific responsibilities requiring work in the laboratory, which is not done

as part of a regular class. The project director has the primary responsibility for chemical

hygiene procedures for that project.

2.4 College

The responsibilities of the College, which is the employer of record, include the following:

• Appointing a Chemical Hygiene Officer and assigning the Chemical Hygiene Officer the

various responsibilities outlined below:

 Making manufacturer’s safety data sheets (SDS’s) accessible to employees.

 Providing employees with training and information regarding chemical and physical

hazards.

 Posting “Designated Areas” if any select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, or acute

toxins are used in the laboratory.

 Measuring the concentration of hazardous chemical(s), if there is any reason to

believe that the action level has been exceeded.

 Keeping records of employee exposure to hazardous chemicals for a period of 30

years beyond the time of exposure. These records should be filed by the employee,

with the College, in writing, within two weeks of the exposure.

 Facilitating medical consultations and examinations required as a result of exposure

to hazardous chemical(s).

 Ensuring a Respiratory Protection program is in place and that employees are

provided respirators when necessary.

2.5 School Employees

All employees who normally work in a laboratory area are responsible for:

• Participating in training programs provided by the College.

• Maintaining awareness of health and safety hazards.

• Planning and conducting each operation in accordance with the College’s chemical hygiene

procedures.

• Consulting reference materials, including safety data sheets, related to chemical safety

whenever appropriate.

• Using good personal chemical hygiene habits.

• Reporting accidents, injuries, unsafe practices, and unsafe conditions.

2.6 Chemical Hygiene Personnel

The Farmingdale State College Chemical Hygiene Officer is appointed by the President. The

Environmental Health & Safety Officer will serve in this position for the College unless

otherwise designated, in which case this Plan will reflect such change.

The Chemical Hygiene Officer will report to the Vice President and Chief Financial Officer or

his designee.

The responsibilities of this position require the Chemical Hygiene Officer to:

• Develop and implement the Chemical Hygiene Plan and the safety program for the College,

including training, reporting, and other functions noted here.

• Work with administrators and teachers to develop and implement the safety program.

• Monitor the use and disposal of chemicals used in the schools’ laboratory programs.

• Assure that inspections of equipment and space in the laboratory are performed when

appropriate and that records of inspections are maintained.

• Provide technical assistance to employees on the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

• Assure that the Chemical Hygiene Plan is reviewed annually and revised as needed, so that it

is always in compliance with current legal requirements.

• Make decisions regarding requests to use chemicals identified as explosive, carcinogenic,

mutagenic, highly toxic, or otherwise unsuitable for general school laboratories.

• Determine the need for personal protective equipment beyond that specified for general

laboratory use.

• Implement appropriate training with regard to chemical hygiene for all employees whose

normal work locations include laboratory areas.

2.7 Students

Students are not specifically covered by the Laboratory Standard. However, good personal

chemical hygiene habits should be taught to all students at every reasonable opportunity,

particularly to those who use the laboratory while enrolled in science courses. Students are not

allowed to use school laboratories outside of regular science course classes unless they first

obtain permission and are directly supervised by the instructor during their work.

Section 3: GENERAL PRINCIPLES

The following statements and explanations are general principles for the use of those handling

laboratory chemicals. While the list is not complete, these concepts provide the fundamental

underpinning for laboratory work at this College.

3.1 Be Prepared

The College will train employees in how to find and use information from SDSs, this Chemical

Hygiene Plan, and other safety publications. Employees should familiarize themselves with the

hazards associated with the chemicals they expect to use and should take appropriate steps to

minimize their exposure to those chemicals.

3.2 Follow the Chemical Hygiene Plan

The Chemical Hygiene Plan provides specific laboratory practices designed to minimize

employees’ exposure to hazardous substances. Employees should follow the practices specified

in the Chemical Hygiene Plan to minimize their health and safety risks.

3.3 Minimize Exposure to Chemicals

It is prudent to minimize all chemical exposures, because most laboratory chemicals present

hazards of one type or another. Employees will follow general precautions for handling all

laboratory chemicals. Specific guidelines for some chemicals, such as those found in the

appropriate SDSs, will also be followed.

3.4 Consider the Risk

Employees should not underestimate risk, and exposure to hazardous substances should be

minimized. The decision to use a particular substance will be based on the best available

knowledge of each chemical’s particular hazard and the availability of proper handling facilities

and equipment. Substitutions, either of chemicals or experiments, will be made where

appropriate to reduce hazards without sacrificing instructional objectives. When the risk

outweighs the benefit and no substitute is available, then the experiment, procedure, or chemical

should be eliminated. The Chemical Hygiene Officer should be consulted before final

determinations and decisions are made in this regard.

3.5 Observe PELs and TLVs

The permissible exposure limit (PEL) and threshold limit value (TLV) of a typical chemical used

in the laboratory are available on the SDS for that chemical. Employee exposure to hazardous

chemicals should not exceed those limits.

3.6 Provide Adequate Ventilation

The best way to prevent exposure to airborne substances is to prevent their escape into the

laboratory by using hoods or other ventilation devices. Those devices should be kept in good

working condition in order to provide employees with a safe working area. The later section on

inspections in the laboratory (Section 7) establishes procedures for ensuring that equipment is

working properly.

3.7 Use Safety Data Sheets

The College should not accept a chemical from a supplier unless it is accompanied by the

corresponding SDS, or an SDS from that supplier for that chemical is already on file. All SDSs

should be accessible to employees at all times. Employees should be trained to read and use the

information found on SDSs.

Section 4: STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES

The goal of the Chemical Hygiene Plan is to protect employees who work in the laboratory,

others who may be exposed, and the environment from hazardous chemicals. This section is

written in several parts and is meant as a guide for the College and its employees. Other specific

safety rules for a particular laboratory may be added by the Chemical Hygiene Officer, as needed.

It is recommended that these same standards be communicated to students, expected of students,

and promoted by the school and laboratory personnel.

4.1 General Rules

The instructor (and technical support staff, if any) should review laboratory instructions, safety

procedures, and reagents prior to each laboratory activity. They should be aware of the

following:

• The chemical hazards for each chemical, as determined from the SDS or other appropriate

reference.

• Appropriate safeguards for using each chemical, including personal protective equipment.

• Location and proper use of emergency equipment.

• Proper storage of chemicals.

• Appropriate personal hygiene practices.

• Correct methods for transporting chemicals within the laboratory facility.

• Appropriate procedures for emergencies, including evacuation routes, spill cleanup

procedures, and fire control.

• Proper procedures for the disposal of hazardous substances.

• Procedures for notifying supervisory persons in the case of an accident or injury.

4.2 Working Alone

Employees should not work alone (not visible/no line of site from any other person) in a

laboratory or chemical storage area unless other employees are in the vicinity (either in an

adjacent room or immediately across a hallway – capable of hearing a call for help) and are aware

that someone is in the laboratory, in which case periodic checks should be made. At no time

should a student ever work alone in a laboratory or chemical storage area.

Whenever chemicals are in the laboratory and not in locked cabinets or storerooms, the

unattended laboratory will be locked.

4.3 Personal Protective Equipment and Clothing

The employee should use appropriate protective clothing and equipment. Laboratory aprons or

coats, eye protection, and nonpermeable gloves are considered standard equipment for school

laboratory programs and should be readily available to employees. Required personal protective

equipment must be supplied by the College.

4.3.1 Eye Protection

Everyone, including visitors to the laboratory, should wear eye protection at all times, when

working with chemicals.

Protective eyewear should provide splash and impact protection and should conform to ANSI

Standard Z87.1-1989. Prescription eyeglasses, even with side shields, are not acceptable

protection against impact and chemical splashes.

Equipment should be available with which to clean and sterilize goggles and/or safety glasses

and should be used whenever two or more persons use the same protective eyewear. It is

recommended that a sterilization cabinet be available, particularly for use with goggles shared by

students.

Contact lenses are not necessarily prohibited in the laboratory. If contact lenses are permitted,

chemical splash goggles must be worn at all times when chemicals are being used and there is a

potential for explosions, implosions, splashes, or whenever corrosive liquids are in use. Because

there may be a need to remove contacts quickly, contact lens wearers must inform the appropriate

personnel of the contacts before an emergency arises. Approved standing shields or face shields

should be used when there is potential for explosions, implosions, or splashes, or when corrosive

liquids are used, in addition to appropriate protective eyewear (i.e. goggles or safety glasses).

4.3.2 Protective Clothing

Protective clothing worn in the laboratory should offer protection from splashes and spills and

should be easy to remove in case of an accident and should be fire resistant. They should be long

enough to cover from the neck area to the knees. Clean chemical and fire resistant laboratory

coats may be worn. They should be long-sleeved and long enough to cover the knees. Snap

fasteners or Velcro closures are better than buttons, because the laboratory coat is more easily

removed in an emergency.

It is recommended that shorts, cutoffs, or short skirts not be allowed to be worn in the laboratory.

Shoes should have low heels with fully covered “uppers.” There should be no open toes or

uppers constructed of woven material. Jewelry such as rings or bracelets should not be worn in

order to prevent chemical seepage under the jewelry, contact with electric sources, catching on

equipment or damage to the jewelry itself.

Laboratory coats, jackets, aprons, or clothes on which chemicals have been spilled should be

washed separately or disposed of (possibly as a hazardous waste, depending on the contamination

source).

4.3.3 Gloves

When gloves are required, it should be remembered that no one kind of glove is suitable for all

situations. The SDS should be consulted for information regarding the proper type of gloves to

be used. For example, corrosion-resistant gloves should be worn when working with corrosive

liquids.

Gloves that resist permeation by chemicals that are allergenic, sensitizing, or toxic should be

worn when appropriate.

Gloves should be removed before leaving the laboratory or touching door knobs, telephones, or

laboratory notebooks.

Gloves should be checked before each use to ensure the absence of cracks and small holes and

should always be worn with the same side out.

4.4 Advance Planning

The employee should not rely solely on the textbook, laboratory manual, or other instructional

material for safety precautions required for a particular experiment. Consult the SDSs for

chemicals and safety references for equipment, particularly when the anticipated experiment is

new to the instructor. The instructor or laboratory technician should review potential hazards and

specifically describe them to all classes and all students immediately before each experiment.

The scale of the procedure should be reduced as much as possible to bring to a minimum the

generation of waste chemicals. Use only those chemicals for which the ventilation system is

adequate.

4.5. Personal Behavior

The laboratory should never be left unattended while students are performing an experiment in

that laboratory. However, it is recognized that some experimental procedures, such as

crystallization or incubation, are a normal part of some experiments and that such procedures

may safely be left while they are in progress. The employee should use the best available

information when deciding whether a particular procedure may be left unattended. Additionally,

activities using unauthorized chemicals should not be performed by employees or students.

Horseplay, pranks, or other acts of mischief should not be tolerated in chemical work areas and

laboratories.

Every precaution should be taken to insure that chemicals are never removed from the laboratory

by unauthorized persons.

4.6 Personal Hygiene

All employees should use appropriate personal hygiene practices, including the following:

• Wash promptly whenever any hazardous chemical has contacted the skin, except in those few

cases in which chemicals will react dangerously with water.

• Never pipet by mouth. Always use a bulb or other device for suction.

• Avoid inhalation of chemicals used for an experiment, including gases, vapors, and aerosols.

• “Wafting” to test chemical odors should only be done with extreme caution and only when

specifically directed to do so in the written experimental procedure.

• Wash well with soap and water before leaving the laboratory, even if gloves have been worn.

• Never wash with organic solvents.

• Never smoke in the laboratory. Be aware that tobacco products in opened packages can

absorb chemical vapors.

• Do not apply or store cosmetics in the chemical laboratory.

• Seek immediate and appropriate medical treatment whenever signs or symptoms of exposure

to a hazardous chemical are manifested.

4.7 Housekeeping

Because many accidents may be attributed to sloppy work areas, all laboratory spaces must be

kept clean and contain only those items needed for the task at hand. Cleanup should immediately

follow the completion of each operation and at the end of each day.

• Place all wastes in appropriate, segregated receptacles that are correctly labeled.

• Store all equipment and chemicals properly. Chemicals should not be stored in aisles, on the

floor, in stairwells, on desks or laboratory tables.

• Do not leave chemicals overnight on shelves over the workbench.

• Never block access to emergency equipment, showers, eye washes, or exits.

• Clearly label all chemical containers with the identity of the contents and the hazards those

contents present. These labels should be consistent with all state and federal requirements.

• Keep all cabinets and drawers closed when not in use to avoid catching and bumping hazards.

• Clean all working surfaces and floors on a regular basis. Keep the floor clear of slipping

hazards such as ice, spilled liquids, glass beads, or other small items.

• Clean up all chemical spills as soon as they occur. Chemicals and cleanup materials should

be disposed of correctly.

4.8 Food Handling

No food or beverages should be stored, handled, prepared, or consumed in the laboratory or other

areas where chemicals are used or stored. Additionally, laboratory chemicals and laboratory

equipment should not be brought into designated “non-laboratory” or eating areas. Glassware or

utensils that have been used for laboratory operations should never be used to prepare or

consume food. Laboratory refrigerators, ice chests, microwave ovens, and cold rooms should not

be used for food storage or preparation.

4.9 Glassware

Careful storage and handling procedures should be used to avoid glassware breakage. In the

event of breakage, protection for the hands should be worn when picking up the broken pieces.

Small pieces should be swept up with a brush and pan. Broken glass should be separated from

other waste by placing it in a special container marked ‘Broken Glass’. Broken glass

contaminated with chemicals may need to be treated as hazardous waste depending on the type of

chemical – consult with the Environmental Health and Safety Officer for assistance.

When inserting glass tubing into rubber stoppers or corks or when placing rubber tubing on glass

hose connections, adequate hand protection in the form of heavy gloves or cloth towels should be

used. When inserting glass tubing into a stopper, the hands should be held close together to limit

movement of glass, and the glass should be lubricated. Tubing should be fire polished or

rounded at the end.

4.10 Flammability Hazards

Open flames should not be used to heat a flammable liquid or to carry out a distillation under

reduced pressure. Before lighting a flame, all flammable substances should be removed from the

immediate area of the flame. All containers of flammable substances in the area should be

checked to ensure that they are tightly closed.

Flammable materials should be stored in a flammable liquid storage cabinet or other appropriate

location. When transferring significant quantities of flammable liquids from one container to

another, it is particularly important that they be properly grounded to prevent accidental ignition

of flammable vapors and liquids from static electricity or other sources of ignition. Large

quantities of flammable chemicals stored outside cabinets should be in flame-proof storage cans

which conform to NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) guidelines. NFPA Standards 30,

Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, and 45, Fire Protection for Laboratories Using

Chemicals, and/or the applicable local fire codes should be followed.

4.11 Electrical Hazards

All electrical outlets should have a grounding connection accommodating a three-prong plug.

Most electrical equipment is wired with a three-prong plug. The grounding post should never be

removed from such a plug. Some equipment is designed for safe use with two-prong plugs. If

the appliance comes with a two-prong plug, there is no need to change; it will work in a three-

prong socket.

Employees should contact the Physical Plant in the case of an emergency for considerations that

electrical service to the laboratory need to be cut, or if power goes out due to unforeseen

circumstances. Laboratory lighting should be on a separate circuit from electrical outlets with a

minimum of 90-minutes of illumination, so that electric service can be cut off during an

emergency, if need be, and particularly for exit routes. All electrical outlets should be checked

for continuity after initial occupancy (upon new construction or when first used by an employee)

and whenever electrical maintenance or changes occur.

If electrical equipment shows evidence of undue heating, it should be immediately unplugged.

4.12 Compressed Gases

If compressed gas cylinders are used in the laboratory, procedures for their use and storage

should be in accordance with guidelines established by:

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 55, Standard for the Storage, Use,

and Handling of Compressed and Liquefied Gases in Portable Cylinders;

• American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

recommended guidelines;

• Compressed Gas Association (CGA) Standard P-1 2008; and,

• OSHA Subpart H (specifically 1910.101 – 1910.105) regulations (provided as Appendix B).

Some of the more important considerations in using gas cylinders correctly are the following:

• No cylinder should be moved from one location to another until the protective cap is securely

in place.

• Both full and empty cylinders should only be stored where they may be securely restrained by

straps, chains, or a suitable stand.

• All cylinders should be used with a correct regulator, and should be fitted with delivery tubes

that do not leak and which are tightly fastened to the cylinder.

• A cylinder may be considered to be empty when there is still a slight positive pressure.

• An empty cylinder should be returned to the supplier as soon as possible after having been

emptied, or when it is no longer needed.

• Cylinders should not be exposed to temperatures above 50 °C (122 °F).

4.13 Prior Approval

Professors and technical staff may need to obtain prior approval from the Chemical Hygiene

Officer whenever a new laboratory experiment or test procedure is to be carried out for which the

potential for harm (conditions for which are identified below), either chemical, physical or

biological, is present. The potential for harm may be affected by a change in the amounts of

materials being used, the conditions under which the experiment is to be conducted, or the

substitution, deletion, or addition of a chemical.

Prior approval may be needed using the form provided as Appendix C and AFTER consultation

with the Chemical Hygiene Officer before doing any procedure where one or more of the

following conditions exist (generally under normal temperature and pressure):

• Potential for a rapid rise in temperature.

• Potential for a rapid increase in pressure.

• Potential for chemical explosion.

• Potential for spontaneous combustion.

• Potential for the emission of toxic gases that could produce concentrations in the air that

exceed toxic limits.

Prior approval should also be obtained before again performing any procedure after there has

been a failure of any of the equipment needed for the process, especially of safeguards such as

fume hoods.

Section 5: RECORD-KEEPING PROCEDURES

The College should maintain specific records to verify safety practices.

5.1 Air Concentration Monitoring

The College requires that records of air concentration monitoring be maintained for at least 30

years and that they be accessible to employees and/or their representatives. Such monitoring

should be done as recommended by the Chemical Hygiene Officer and follow generally accepted

monitoring techniques.

Regular instrumental monitoring of airborne concentration is not usually justified or practical in

school laboratories. Monitoring may be appropriate when toxic materials are used or stored, or

when ventilation devices are tested or redesigned. It is required after each documented incident

of exposure to toxic chemicals.

5.2 Training Records

The College should maintain records of employee training for at least 30 years and should make

those records available to employees and/or their representatives when requested.

5.3 Safety Data Sheets

The College should maintain a file of manufacturers’ SDS’s and should make them accessible to

employees in the laboratory. If a SDS is not available when a new chemical is received, that

chemical should not be used until a SDS is obtained. It is recommended that copies of SDSs be

kept at both the Environmental Health and Safety Office and the Department where the chemical

is located. See Section 6.9 for more information.

5.4 Exposure Testing Records

Records of exposure assessments should be maintained for at least 30 years, and they should be

made available to employees and/or their representatives upon request. Exposure testing

procedures and results of that testing should be sent to the Chemical Hygiene Officer, who is

responsible for maintaining these records.

An accurate record of any measurements taken to monitor employee exposures should be kept,

transferred, and made accessible to each employee. Each employee should be notified of any

monitoring results within 15 working days after receipt of the results, either individually, in

writing, or by posting the results in an appropriate location that is accessible to employees.

5.5 Medical Records

The College requires the records of medical consultations, medical examination, and all reports

derived from such consultations and examinations be maintained for at least 30 years. These

records must be accessible to employees and/or their representatives upon request and are

subject to Federal and State privacy laws, statues and regulations, including but not limited

to the Health Information Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Family

Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA).

5.6 Prior Approval

Laboratory employees should be informed of those laboratory procedures and operations which

require prior approval from the Chemical Hygiene Officer (see Section 4.13), so that these

activities can be carefully monitored for adherence to the Chemical Hygiene Plan. Request for

approval must be made in writing, using the form provided in Appendix C.

5.7 Incident Reports

Each incidence of an accident of injury or “near miss” should be reported to the Chemical

Hygiene Officer (and to the Environmental Health and Safety Officer if he/she does not carry

both designations) in writing in accordance with Worker’s Compensation rules. If staff or

students were witnesses to the accident of injury, they should also complete the appropriate form

found in Appendix D (also available on the College’s website). The College should keep records

for 30 years from the time of the lost work, in the event of lost work resulting from an exposure

to a hazardous chemical or a job-related accident. Near miss reports are very useful in

determining what areas might benefit from a review of procedures.

5.8 Chemical Inventory Records

Each department should maintain a Chemical Inventory List, which should be updated at least

annually. Copies of the Chemical Inventory List should be kept in the Department and by the

Chemical Hygiene Officer. If this is done by a computer-based inventory program, backup

copies should be maintained in a separate location. See Section 6.7 for more information.

5.9 Waste Disposal Records

The College should maintain records of waste chemicals and products from reactions or

processes that are transferred to an authorized and/or certified chemical disposal agent, and

chemicals that are transported to a new site. These records should conform to requirements of

the Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Transportation, either of which may

have jurisdiction over these types of transfers. The records should also conform to State

requirements.

5.10 Safety Inspections and Recommendations

The College should keep records of regular safety inspections, including the date of the

inspection and the person conducting the inspection. The College should keep records of

permanent safety equipment, showing the dates of inspection and the results of any inspection.

Examples of equipment to be inspected are fire extinguishers, drench showers and eye wash

fountains. The College should maintain records showing dates of needed repairs and regular

maintenance for control systems.

Written safety suggestions from employees should be recorded by the College. The dates the

suggestions were submitted, the name of the person submitting the suggestion, the disposition of

the suggestion, and the reasons for that particular action should be kept.

Section 6: LABORATORY SAFETY PROCEDURES

6.1 Employee Exposure Protection and Monitoring

If there is reason to believe that exposure levels for a regulated substance have exceeded the

action level or permissible exposure limit, the College’s Chemical Hygiene Officer should ensure

that employee or student exposure to that substance is measured.

Factors which may raise the possibility of overexposure and therefore warrant an initial

measurement of employee or student exposure include:

• The manner in which the chemical procedures or operations involving the particular

substance are conducted.

• The existence of historical monitoring data which shows elevated exposures to the particular

substance for similar operations.

• The use of a procedure which involves significant quantities or is performed over an

extended period of time.

• There is reason to believe that an exposure limit may be exceeded.

• Signs or symptoms of exposure (e.g., skin or eye irritation, shortness of breath, nausea, or

headache), which are experienced by employees or students. (Some of these symptoms are

very general and can be due to many other causes including emotional stress or hysteria.)

If the initial exposure determination described above indicates employee or student exposure

over the action level for a particular substance, the College should immediately comply with the

exposure-monitoring requirements for that substance.

6.2 Laboratory Facilities

The type and scale of work conducted in a laboratory should be appropriate to the physical

facilities available and to the quality of the ventilation system. A laboratory should include,

where appropriate:

• An adequate general ventilation system with air intakes and exhausts located so as to avoid

intake of contaminated air.

• Well-ventilated stockrooms and storerooms.

• Proper chemical storage for specific hazardous materials such as flammables, corrosives,

carcinogens, and highly toxic chemicals, so far as they are likely used.

• Adequate laboratory hoods and sinks.

• Emergency equipment, including proper fire extinguishers, spill kits, alarms, access to a

telephone with an outside line, eye wash, safety shower, and fire blanket.

• First aid equipment including first aid kits.

• Arrangement for proper waste storage and disposal.

6.3 Laboratory Ventilation

Laboratory fume hoods are not meant for either storage or disposal of chemicals. If a hood must

be used for storage, in order to provide adequate ventilation for flammable chemicals, for

example, it must not be used for laboratory experiments or transfer of chemicals unless safe use

for chemicals within can be demonstrated. In the event it cannot be demonstrated that safe use

can also be achieved, it must be used only for storage.

General laboratory ventilation should not be relied on for protection from exposure to hazardous

chemicals. A rate of 8–12 room air changes per hour should be the accepted standard when local

exhaust systems such as hoods are used as the primary method of control. Laboratory airflow

should not be turbulent and should flow continuously throughout the laboratory.

The quality and quantity of ventilation should be evaluated when installed, regularly monitored,

and reevaluated whenever a change in ventilation devices is made, or the ventilation system is

repaired.

6.4 Medical Consultations and Medical Examinations

Employees who work with hazardous chemicals should be provided with an opportunity to

receive medical attention when overexposure to a hazardous chemical is reasonably suspected.

In the event that employees’ work involves regular and frequent handling of toxicologically

significant quantities of a chemical, the Chemical Hygiene Officer should determine whether

consultation with a qualified physician is necessary to set up a plan for routine surveillance.

Cause for Consultation or Examination

In relation to the exposure of hazardous chemicals, medical attention should be provided to an

employee under the following circumstances:

• Whenever an employee develops signs or symptoms of exposure to a hazardous chemical to

which the employee may have been exposed in the laboratory.

• Whenever exposure monitoring reveals an exposure level above the action level or

permissible exposure level for an OSHA-regulated substance.

• Whenever an event such as a spill, leak, or explosion, takes place in a laboratory which

results in the likelihood of exposure to a hazardous substance.

Type of Medical Attention

All medical examinations and consultations should be performed under the direct supervision of

a licensed physician and in full accordance with 29 CFR 1910.1450(g).

Information for the Physician

The following information should be provided to the physician conducting medical consultations

and examinations:

• The identity of hazardous chemicals to which the employee may have been exposed.

• A copy of the safety data sheet for the chemical.

• A description of the conditions under which the exposure occurred, including quantitative

exposure data.

• A description of the signs and symptoms of exposure that the employee is experiencing.

Physician’s Report

A written opinion from the examining physician specializing in occupational medicine

for any consultations or examinations performed under this standard should include any

recommendation for further medical attention, the results of the medical examination and any

associated tests, any medical condition revealed during the examination which might

compromise employee safety during, or as a result of, exposure to hazardous chemicals found in

the workplace, and a statement that the employee has been informed by the physician of the

results of the consultation or examination and any medical condition that may require further

examination or treatment. The written opinion should not reveal specific diagnoses unrelated to

occupational exposure, except as noted above.

6.5 Chemical Purchase and Procurement

The purchaser of chemicals should be guided by the maxim that less is better. The lower the

chemical inventory, the fewer the problems associated with storage, and the less likely that the

College will face excessive costs to dispose of outdated or surplus chemicals.

• Chemicals should be ordered in quantities that are likely to be consumed in one year or less.

• Chemicals should be purchased only when needed for specific experiments or research

projects. The chemicals should be purchased only in the quantity sufficient for the declared

use.

• All chemicals should be in tightly closed, sturdy, and appropriate containers.

• A chemical should not be accepted without being accompanied by the safety data sheet.

• The container should be marked with the date at the time it is received and the date it is

opened.

• Chemicals should not be accepted if the original container has been broken, opened, or has

been compromised in some other way.

• The Chemical Inventory List should be updated each time a new chemical is received.

• Donated chemicals should be accepted only after approval is obtained from the Chemical

Hygiene Officer. It should be established that the donated chemical is in excellent condition,

that an appropriate safety data sheet is available, and that there is a specific use for the

donated material.

6.6 Storage and Distribution

• All chemicals should be in tightly closed, sturdy, and appropriate containers.

• If the chemical has been transferred to a secondary container, the new container should be

appropriately labeled, including all of the hazard information. Specifications for labeling

follow in Section 6.8.

• Chemicals should be stored based on the reactive nature of the chemical. Storage patterns

should never be based solely on the alphabetical arrangement of chemicals.

• The classification system used for the storage of chemicals should be displayed in the

principal storage area.

• Large containers and containers with reactive chemicals, such as acids and bases, should be

on low shelves. No chemical should be stored on top of a storage shelf or cabinet.

• All shelves on which chemicals are stored should have a lip of approximately 3/4" or greater

in order to prevent bottles from sliding off the shelf.

• Flammable chemicals should be stored in approved storage cans or approved flammable

chemical storage cabinets.

• Combustible packaging material should not be stored near flammable chemical storage

cabinets.

• All storage areas should be securely locked when not in use by the employee. Storage and

preparation areas should be accessible only to those persons authorized to use the chemicals.

Such personnel should have had proper training in the handling and use of the chemicals.

• Chemicals classified as acute poisons should be kept in a separate, locked location, which has

been appropriately labeled.

• Chemicals which present a fire hazard should be stored in quantities less than 500 mL, unless

metal safety cans are used, or the container is stored in a suitable flammable storage cabinet.

• If approved metal safety cans are used, the spring-loaded closure should not be disabled, the

flame-arrestor screen should be kept in place, the arrestor screen should be replaced

whenever it is punctured or damaged, and the arrestor should never be immersed in the

flammable liquid.

• Chemicals should not be distributed to other persons or to other areas of the College without

prior approval of the Chemical Hygiene Officer. Chemicals should not be transferred to

another location without the simultaneous transfer of a copy of the appropriate safety data

sheet, nor should they be transferred without the person receiving the chemicals having had

appropriate training in their use, storage, and disposal.

6.7 Inventory Control

Various regulatory agencies require the College to maintain a complete, accurate and up-to-date

inventory of its toxic and hazardous materials. Primarily though, inventories are essential to

inform individuals which chemicals they may have the potential to be exposed to, further

allowing them to better understand the associated hazards and risks of these chemicals.

Each department head or designee is responsible for ensuring that a chemical inventory list of the

hazardous chemicals and toxic substances used, stored or otherwise kept in each laboratory or

work area under his/her purview is created and maintained.

A good way to prepare a comprehensive inventory list is to survey your work area(s) to do a

physical assessment, and purchasing records also may help. The broadest possible perspective

should be taken when doing the survey. Considering all substances to be potentially toxic and

hazardous simplifies the approach even though it may unnecessarily include a few materials that

are essentially non-hazardous.

Items NOT REQUIRED to be Inventoried:

Even though some items may not be entered into the inventory, the user is still responsible to

obtain a current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the product. The list below provides some examples

of common materials that do not need to be inventoried.

• Any secondary chemical container that is produced in the lab from a primary chemical

container(s) that is already inventoried, for example:

o 1N Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) that is made from a commercially available 10N

NaOH solution or solid NaOH

o Squirt bottles and spray bottle

o Conical and “Falcon” tubes with chemicals or samples in them

• Biological material, for example:

o Plant or animal tissue, blood or blood products

o Reproducing biological organisms, bacteria, viruses, fungi or yeast

o Enzymes, antibodies, proteins, peptides, nucleic acids

o Conjugated antibodies and proteins

• Tissue culture media or other growth media

• Buffer solutions for pH probes

• Non-chemical diagnostic materials that contain a film on any surface (e.g. 96-well plate)

• Chemical spill kits

Inventories must be completed in a Microsoft Excel template available from the Environmental

Health and Safety Officer, or one can be downloaded through links included in the Chemical

Inventory Management section of FSC’s Environmental Health and Safety website. The

Chemical Inventory List should contain the following information about each chemical found in

storage: Product Name; Synonyms or Other Names (If known/available); Manufacturer, Catalog

(Cat.) No., Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) No., and/or Other Identifying Information;

Physical State (Solid, Liquid or Gas); Number of Containers of same type/size; Quantity

(volume/weight); and the Unit of Measure (lbs, Kg, mg, etc.).

Once a chemical inventory has been completed, the electronic file MUST be emailed to the

Environmental Health and Safety Officer at ehs@farmingdale.edu.

Each chemical inventory list must be updated at least annually, or whenever there is a substantial

change (i.e. a chemical is added or removed). After each annual update, and whenever there is a

change made, a revised chemical inventory MUST be emailed to the Environmental Health and

Safety Officer at ehs@farmingdale.edu and, where possible, the revised section or reason for

change be highlighted, marked up, explained, etc. for ease of rectification.

Upon receipt by the Environmental Health and Safety Officer, the chemicals included on the

spreadsheet will be added to the College's Chemical Inventory and Management System,

MSDSonline, where all chemicals inventoried on Campus are listed. In addition, MSDSonline

also provides access to associated Safety Data Sheets, identifies where these chemicals are stored

and communicates pertinent health and safety information (among other features) aimed at better

communicating the hazards and risks associated with the chemicals used and stored on Campus.

6.8 Hazard Identification and Labels

• Laboratory chemicals should be properly labeled to identify any hazards associated with them

for the employees’ information and protection.

• If a chemical is stored in its original bottle, it should have the manufacturer’s original label

identifying potential hazards, and the date of purchase, the date opened, and the initials of the

person who opened the container.

• If a chemical has been transferred to a secondary container, the new container should be

appropriately labeled with the chemical name, formula, concentration (if in solution), solvent

(if in solution), hazard warnings, and name or initials of the person responsible for the

transfer.

• Unlabeled bottles should not be opened, and such materials should be disposed of promptly,

as outlined in the section on disposal procedures.

6.9 Safety Data Sheets

The Hazard Communication Standard requires chemical manufacturers and importers to evaluate

the hazards of the chemicals they produce or import. Using that information, they must then

prepare more detailed technical bulletins called Safety Data Sheets, or SDSs.

The SDSs for each chemical used in the laboratory should give recommended limits or OSHA-

mandated limits, or both, as guidelines to exposure limits. Typical limits are expressed as

threshold limit values (TLVs), permissible exposure limits (PELs), or action levels. When such

limits are stated, that limit, along with any other information about the hazardous characteristics

of the chemical, should be used to set laboratory guidelines. These laboratory guidelines may be

used by the Chemical Hygiene Officer and the department technical staff in determining the

safety precautions, control measures, and personal protective equipment that apply when working

with that toxic chemical.

Each department head or designee is responsible for maintaining a manufacturer-specific SDS for

each hazardous or toxic substance used or stored in his/her work area(s), and for ensuring that

they are readily accessible during each work shift to employees when they are in their work

area(s).

In lieu of maintaining hard copies of SDS’s (i.e. binder, folder, cabinet, etc.), electronic versions

will be available through MSDSonline, Farmingdale State College's Chemical Inventory and

Safety Data Sheet service provider.

Please note, MSDSonline may ONLY be used as the SOLE SDS resource if ALL employees

with the potential for chemical exposure in any given area have full access (i.e. computer

access, a general understanding of how to navigate the system, etc.) to the service;

otherwise, hard copies must be made readily available as well.

Each department head or designee must also send copies of all SDSs for new chemicals as they

arrive to the Environmental Health and Safety Officer. This can be done one of two ways:

1. Access the MSDSonline site through links included in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

Management section of FSC’s Environmental Health and Safety website and enter the product

name you're seeking to submit an SDS for in the search engine (you can narrow down your

search by also including such information as the CAT. Number, the CAS Number, the

Manufacturer, etc.) - if your initial search is not successful, try adding or removing information

you've included in the search field and resubmit.

Once you've found the correct SDS, check the box associated with that product (left of product

name) which prompts you to select "Assign to Company List"; click on that prompt, which opens

up a second screen.

Fill out all required information on this "Approval Details" page and hit 'submit'. Your

submission will be sent to a queue for the System Administrator's approval (the EH&S Officer).

Please note: if your specific location is not listed in the drop down menu on the "Approval

Details" page, call or email the EH&S Officer so that it can be added.

2. SDSs may be emailed to the EH&S Officer at ehs@farmingdale.edu, or, the SDS(s) can be

faxed to the attention of the Environmental Health and Safety Officer at (631) 420-9173.

Whichever means is used to submit the SDS, be certain to add under separate cover details that

include the specific location where the chemical(s) are to be used/stored - identify the Building,

Department, Room Number and the Specific Location (i.e. cabinet A, stockroom, under fume

hood #1, etc.). Once received, the proper SDS will be “paired” with the associated chemical(s)

within MSDSonline, and hard copies will be maintained on file.

SDSs should be reviewed prior to purchase to properly evaluate the hazards and risks

associated with the substances being considered for use. As part of the college’s ongoing

Hazard Communication Training Program, all laboratory employees will be trained to

read and understand the SDSs.

Each department head or designee is responsible for ensuring that an appropriate SDS is

forwarded with each initial product shipment. SDSs are also requested for purchases made

through the Research Foundation. If the SDS is not received with the initial shipment, it is the

responsibility of the ordering entity (department head/designee) to contact the supplier

(manufacturer/importer/distributor) and acquire an SDS, put a copy in the department’s SDS

binder, file, or appropriate area, and/or send a copy of the SDS to the Environmental Health and

Safety Officer as explained above.

In addition, each department head or designee is responsible for ensuring that SDSs that have

been replaced with a newer version and/or SDSs of discontinued materials are retained in

accordance with the General Retention and Disposition Schedule for NYS Government Records,

and other applicable laws and regulations. As a general rule, SDSs are retained for at least 40

years after superseded or obsolete.

Alternatively, if SDSs are/have been forwarded to the Office of Environmental Health and

Safety, they will be maintained there for the required time period, and/or, will be “banked” in the

MSDSonline service database, which will be backlogged/archived/saved at least annually.

6.10 Waste Disposal

The College’s Chemical Hygiene Officer should ensure that laboratory chemicals are disposed in

compliance with appropriate regulations and in a manner which minimizes damage to human

health and the environment.

Every process that uses chemicals has the potential for producing hazardous waste. The

purchaser or producer of chemicals should take into consideration the waste that should be

produced and the cost of waste disposal. The product of a reaction or process only becomes

hazardous waste when it is removed from the reaction system, deemed to be a “waste” and is a

hazardous material (meets the definition of “hazardous waste”). Disposal of hazardous waste

must be done by a licensed contractor through a permitted facility.

The following are specific guidelines for hazardous waste disposal:

• Chemicals should be ordered in quantities that are likely to be consumed in one year or less.

• Potential waste materials are surplus, old, and/or unnecessary chemicals. Every attempt must

be made to avoid accumulating such chemicals.

• No flammable, combustible, or water-immiscible material will be poured down the drain

unless specifically allowed for by law and with prior approval by the Chemical Hygiene

Officer.

• Separate waste containers should be provided for heavy metal compounds, chlorinated

hydrocarbons, and nonchlorinated hydrocarbons. Separation of wastes in this manner will

make disposal less costly.

• Acids and bases may be neutralized before disposal down the drain only with prior training

and approval by the Chemical hygiene Officer.

• Hazardous waste should never be placed in the common solid trash container(s).

• Waste chemicals should be stored in appropriately labeled containers, inside secondary

containment.

• The products of projects, experiments, or other chemical procedures should be recycled

and/or decontaminated whenever possible.

• All waste containers should have an up-to-date log of the material that is in the container.

Each entry for an addition to the container should be dated and initialed by the instructor, or

person who puts the waste in the container. The entry should provide the correct chemical

name and amount of chemical added.

• When feasible and safe, a large container of a given waste should be used instead of several

small containers of the same material for financial reasons.

• Waste materials should not be allowed to accumulate in laboratories or preparation rooms.

The sealed containers should be removed to the designated waste storage location. There are

regulatory limits depending on quantity which need to be verified with local officials.

• Waste materials should be identified using a chemical identification form and/or label

ensuring sufficient information for their safe transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal.

• The disposal of hazardous wastes should follow the guidelines established by the appropriate

local, State, and federal regulations.

Section 7: PROCEDURES FOR INSPECTIONS

All employees should be alert to unsafe conditions and should inform the Department Chair and

the Chemical Hygiene Officer in writing, when an unsafe condition occurs.

7.1 Laboratory Equipment

The presence of necessary safety equipment, in proper working condition (a reference list of

which is provided in Appendix E), should be maintained in each department and laboratory area

and assessed at least biannually. Safety equipment should be replenished/replaced as soon as

feasible if found to be missing, used or obsolete. The following general standards will apply:

• Each hood will have a face velocity of 60–100 linear feet per minute.

• Each shower will be capable of supplying a continuous flow of tepid, potable water. (ANSI

Standard Z358.1-1990)

• Every eye wash will be capable of supplying a continuous gentle flow of aerated, tepid,

potable water to both eyes. (ANSI Standard Z358.1-1990)

• Each fire extinguisher will be fully charged.

• Every goggle sanitizer will have its UV bulb and timer operating properly.

• Equipment will be tagged following the inspection, showing the date, inspector, and results.

7.2 Safety Inspections

Inspections in the laboratory shall be conducted at least annually. Inspection records will be kept

by the Department Chair and Chemical Hygiene Officer. A form for conducting these

inspections is shown in Appendix F. Laboratory inspections will be coordinated by the Chemical

Hygiene Officer.

Written (or digital) records of all inspections will be maintained by the Chemical Hygiene

Officer.

Section 8: SPECIFIC EXPOSURE CONTROL MEASURES

This section addresses criteria that would invoke the use of specific exposure control measures,

which are more stringent than those procedures specified as standard operating procedures or

general laboratory safety rules. These specific exposure control measures are designed to reduce

the exposure of instructors, aides, students, and other employees to especially hazardous

chemicals. Employees should read and understand these practices before commencing a

procedure using one or more of these chemicals.

8.1 Toxic Chemicals

The SDSs and labels for many of the chemicals used in the laboratory recommend specific limits

for exposure. Other limitations may be specified by OSHA-mandated limits. Typical limits are

threshold limit values (TLVs), permissible exposure limits (PELs), and action levels. When such

limits are stated, they should be used to assist the Chemical Hygiene Officer and the technical

staff in determining the safety precautions, control measures, and safety apparel.

When a TLV or PEL value is less than 50 ppm or 100 mg/m3, the user should use it in an

operating fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or other device equipped with appropriate traps. If

none are available, no work should be performed using that chemical.

If a TLV, PEL, or comparable value is not available, the animal or human median inhalation

lethal concentration information, LC50, should be used as a guideline. If that value is less than

200 ppm or 2000 mg/m3 when administered continuously for one hour or less, then the chemical

should be used in an operating fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or similar device, equipped

with appropriate traps. In none are available, no work should be performed using that chemical.

Whenever laboratory handling of toxic substances with moderate or greater vapor pressures is

likely to exceed air concentration limits, work with such liquids and solids should be conducted

in a fume hood, glove box, vacuum line, or similar device, equipped with appropriate traps. If

none are available, no work should be performed using that chemical.

Examples of toxic chemicals that were commonly used in the past are benzene, chloroform,

formaldehyde, bromine, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, cyanide salts, and hydrofluoric

acid. The use of these chemicals has been substantially reduced in the past few years because of

their toxicity.

8.2 Flammable Chemicals

In general, the flammability of a chemical is determined by its flash point, the lowest temperature

at which an ignition source can cause the chemical to ignite momentarily under certain controlled

conditions.

Chemicals with a flash point below 200°F (93.3°C) should be considered “fire-hazard

chemicals.” Any chemical whose SDS or label states “Flammable” is in this category.

OSHA standards and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) guidelines or local fire

regulations should be consulted on the proper use of flammable chemicals in the laboratory.

Specific references are found in Appendix G.

Fire-hazard chemicals in excess of 500 mL should be stored in a flammable solvent storage area,

safety cans, or in storage cabinets designed for flammable materials.

Examples of commonly used flammable chemicals are diethyl ether, acetone, methanol, ethanol,

glacial acetic acid, heptane, and petroleum ether (ligroin).

8.3 Reactive Chemicals

Reactivity information may be given in manufacturers’ SDSs and on labels. The most complete

and reliable reference on chemical reactivity is the current edition of Bretherick’s Handbook of

Reactive Chemical Hazards, edited by P.G. Urben, published by Butterworths. Other useful

references are cited in Appendix G.

A potentially reactive chemical is one that:

• Is described as such on the label, in the SDS, or by Bretherick.

• Is ranked by the NFPA as 3 or 4 for reactivity.

• Is identified by the Department of Transportation (DOT) as an oxidizer, an organic peroxide,

or an explosive (Class A, B, or C).

• Fits the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) definition of reactive in 40 CFR 261.23.

• Is known or found to be reactive with other substances.

Reactive chemicals should be handled with all proper safety precautions, including segregation in

storage and prohibition of mixing even small quantities with other chemicals without prior

approval and appropriate personal protection and precautions.

Examples of commonly encountered reactive chemicals are ammonium dichromate, nitric acid,

perchloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium chlorate.

8.4 Corrosive Chemicals and Contact-Hazard Chemicals

Corrosivity, allergen, and sensitizer information is provided in manufacturers’ SDSs and on

labels. Other guidelines on which chemicals are determined to be corrosive can be found in the

publications cited in Appendix G.

A corrosive chemical is one that:

• Fits the OSHA definition of corrosive in 29 CFR 1910.1450 or 29 CFR 1910.1200.

• Fits the EPA definition of corrosive in 40 CFR 262.22 (has a pH greater than or equal to 12,

or less than or equal to 2.5).

• Is known to be reactive to living tissue, causing visible destruction of, or irreversible

alterations of, tissue at the site of contact.

A contact-hazard chemical is an allergen or sensitizer that:

• Is so identified or described in the SDS or on the label.

• Is so identified or described in medical or industrial hygiene literature.

• Is known to be an allergen or sensitizer.

Corrosive and contact-hazard chemicals will be handled with all proper safety precautions,

including wearing safety goggles, gloves tested for the absence of pinholes and known to be

resistant to permeation or penetration by the chemical, and a laboratory apron or laboratory coat.

Examples of corrosive chemicals are hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, and perchloric

acids (all acids in greater than 1 Molar concentration), and potassium hydroxide (either solid or

in aqueous solution of greater than 1 Molar concentration).

8.5 Reproductive Toxins

A reproductive toxin is a compound that:

• Is described as such in the applicable SDS or label, or;

• There is statistically evidence based on at least one study conducted in accordance with

established scientific principles that acute or chronic reproductive health effects may occur in

exposed employees.

If such chemicals are used, they should be handled only in a hood and when satisfactory

performance of the hood has been confirmed. Skin contact should be avoided by using gloves

and wearing protective apparel. Persons using such substances should always wash hands and

arms immediately after working with these materials. Unbreakable containers of these

substances should be stored in a well-ventilated area and will be labeled properly.

Examples of reproductive toxins are organomercurial compounds and ethidium bromide, a

reagent used with DNA analysis.

8.6 Select Carcinogens

All work with these substances should be conducted in a Designated Area, such as a fume hood,

glove box, or portion of a laboratory designated for use of chronically toxic substances. Such a

Designated Area should be clearly marked with warning and restricted access signs.

Any procedure that may result in a generation of aerosols or vapors should be performed in a

hood whose performance is known to be satisfactory.

Skin contact should be avoided by using gloves and other protective apparel as appropriate. Any

protective clothing should be removed before leaving the Designated Area and placed in a

labeled container. Hands, arms, face, and neck should be washed after working with these

materials.

Select carcinogens should be stored in unbreakable containers in a ventilated area with controlled

access. All containers should be labeled with the identity and hazard of the substance.

Immediately upon completion of the project, all unused reproductive toxin should be disposed of

following standard hazardous waste disposal procedures.

Examples of select carcinogens are benzene, nickel metal dust, and vinyl chloride.

8.7 Exposure Potential

The routes of exposure to chemicals are inhalation, ingestion, contact with skin or eyes, or

injection.

Inhalation of chemical vapors, aerosols, gases, or dusts can produce poisoning through the

mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, throat and lungs. The degree of injury resulting from

exposure to these chemicals depends on the toxicity of the material, its solubility in tissue fluids,

its concentration, and the duration of exposure.

Ingestion is extremely dangerous. The relative acute toxicity can be evaluated by comparing the

LD50, which is defined as the quantity of chemical that will cause the death of 50% of the test

animals when ingested. Many chemicals will directly damage the tissue of the mouth, throat,

nose, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract.

Contact with skin and eyes can lead to local irritation as well as significant chemical injury. In

addition, many chemicals can be absorbed through the skin and may cause systemic poisoning.

Alkaline materials, phenols, and strong acids can cause permanent loss of vision upon contact

with the eye.

Injection of chemicals can occur through mechanical injection from glass or other materials

contaminated with chemicals.

Section 9: TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES

The College should provide training opportunities for all employees. These training

opportunities should include the transfer of information about the hazards of chemicals present in

the laboratory and about sources of information. In particular, the training program should cover

information found in the Laboratory Standard, manufacturers’ safety data sheets, this Chemical

Hygiene Plan, and the responsibilities of the employee.

Employees should be trained on the potential chemical hazards in the employees’ work areas and

on appropriate sections of the Chemical Hygiene Plan. This training should be provided to all

employees who actually work in the laboratory as well as to other employees whose assignments

may require that they enter a laboratory where exposure to hazardous chemicals might occur.

Employees who are responsible for receiving and handling shipments of new chemicals or

chemical wastes should also be informed of the potential hazards and appropriate protective

measures for chemicals they may receive.

Employees should receive information and training at the time of their initial assignment to a

laboratory and before assignments involving new exposure situations. Opportunities to refresh

their working knowledge should be provided at least once a year. As indicated earlier, the

training of laboratory personnel should be documented and made a part of the permanent record.

9.1 Information Program

Laboratory employees should be informed of at least the following information:

• The contents of appropriate governing standards, as shown in Appendix A.

• The location and availability of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

• The location and availability of known reference materials on the hazards, safe handling,

storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory.

• The use and location of safety data sheets.

9.2 Employee Training Program

Laboratory employees should be trained on the applicable details of the Chemical Hygiene Plan,

including a review of the general rules for laboratory safety. The training program should

describe appropriate sections of the standard operating procedures, particularly those procedures

that require prior approval of the Chemical Hygiene Officer. Employees should be informed as

to the responsibilities of the Chemical Hygiene Officer responsible for the laboratory in which

they work. Emergency procedures adopted by the College, including response to spills, fires,

explosion, evacuation, and decontamination, should be described. Employees should be trained

in measures they may take to protect themselves from exposure to hazardous chemicals,

including the location and proper use of protective apparel and emergency equipment. In

addition, the training must also include a discussion of inventory procedures to be followed,

proper storage and ordering rules, and hazardous waste disposal procedures. A ‘Record of

Training’ form is provided as Appendix H.

9.3 Training of Students

The College requires that instruction in laboratory safety practices be provided to all students

involved in laboratory studies before experiments take place. Such training must be

appropriate to their level of chemical handling and potential exposure to hazardous chemicals.

The extent of training should be based on their grade level, courses of study, the laboratory

facility, and the individual policies of the College as stated in the Chemical Hygiene Plan. The

education of students is particularly important, because they are near the beginning of their

experience with science, chemicals, and chemical safety. Instruction in safety should include the

importance of the label and the SDS as important reference sources. As appropriate, the student

should also be introduced to other sources of chemical safety information.

Section 10: EMERGENCY PREVENTION AND RESPONSE

10.1 Standard Emergency Procedures

Emergency procedures should address a failure in the ventilation systems, evacuation, fire and

spill response, or the failure of other procedures to limit exposure of employees to hazardous

chemicals. These emergency procedures should be established, regularly practiced, and should

be posted in appropriate public places. These procedures should include the routes of egress

from the laboratory, procedures by which to notify appropriate individuals, and telephone

numbers of fire, police, ambulance, and College authorities.

The laboratory should have a plan for everyone to follow if an evacuation is necessary. The

employees should be sure that they know the main and alternative routes, as well as the

procedure for accounting for each person after an evacuation. The most appropriate response to a

serious fire is evacuation and subsequent action by the fire department.

10.2 Specific Emergency Response Procedures

When helping another person, employees should evaluate the potential danger to themselves

before taking action. Do not move any injured persons unless they are in immediate danger from

chemical exposure or fire.

Report the nature and location of the emergency to University Police by dialing (631) 420-2111.

The employee should follow the facility’s emergency response procedures. These procedures

have been established, documented, and practiced.

Other important emergency response contacts, particularly when campus facilities and/or

equipment are involved, a fire is evident or suspected, or if there is a threat of release of a

hazardous substance to the environment:

FSC Physical Plant (7 a.m. – 4 p.m.): (631) 420-2017

FSC Heating Plant (after 4 p.m.): (631) 420-2605

FSC Fire Marshall: (631) 420-2603

East Farmingdale Fire Department: (631) 249-0047

10.3 First Aid

Suitable first aid equipment should be available in the laboratory area, including a blanket, a

general first aid kit, and small bandages for minor cuts and abrasions. The College should have

personnel trained in first aid available during working hours to render assistance until medical

help can be obtained. Personal injury beyond the purely superficial requires professional medical

treatment. Additional information may be obtained from the Red Cross or references in

Appendix G.

10.4 Emergency Equipment

Each Department and the Chemical Hygiene Officer should ensure that adequate emergency

equipment is available in the laboratory and inspected periodically to ensure that it is functioning

properly. All personnel should be properly trained in the use of each item. It is recommended

that students also be trained to use the fire blanket, eye wash fountain, safety drench shower, and

telephone for safety purposes.

Equipment items that should be available in the laboratory include:

• Eye wash fountain.

• Fire extinguisher of an appropriate type.

• Safety drench shower.

• Telephone, with access to an outside line, for emergency response.

• Fire blanket.

• Identification signs.

10.5 Fire Prevention

The best way to fight a fire is to prevent it. Fires can be prevented or their severity considerably

reduced by proper housekeeping and by thoughtful reflection about what is being done. This

includes the prompt removal of waste, separation of flammable liquids from combustible

material, storage of only limited quantities of flammable material, and the maintenance of

unobstructed aisles and exits.

10.6 Dealing with a Fire

In preparation for dealing with a fire, a copy of the current Chemical Inventory List should be

available outside the work area. Laboratories should be posted with the National Fire Protection

Association (NFPA) diamond, which provides much emergency information. The information

on the NFPA warning must be current. Since fires involving laboratory chemicals increase the

possibility of explosions, special care should be taken to keep fire or excessive heat from volatile

solvents, compressed gas cylinders, reactive metals, and explosive compounds.

If a fire occurs, the following actions should be followed, depending on its severity:

• A fire contained in a small vessel should be suffocated by covering the vessel. The vessel

should not be picked up, nor covered with dry towels or cloths.

• Nearby flammable materials should be removed to avoid spread of the fire.

• If a fire burns over a larger area, all persons should evacuate the area, except those trained

and equipped to fight structural fires.

• The fire extinguisher should be used only by trained people, and only from a position from

which escape is possible.

• Stairs, not elevators, should be used to leave the area of the fire.

• The fire alarm should be activated and the fire department called.

• Firefighters should be informed of what chemicals are involved.

As soon as possible, all extinguishers that were used should be recharged or replaced with full

extinguishers.

The facility’s fire protection plan should be documented and posted.

LOCAL PRACTICE MUST BE IN COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL FIRE CODES.

10.7 Personal Injuries Involving Fires

Persons whose clothing is ablaze should STOP–DROP–and–ROLL. If a safety shower is

immediately available, the individual may be doused with water. Once the fire is out, the

individual should be wrapped to avoid shock and exposure. The individual should be kept warm,

and medical attention should be promptly sought.

If a fire blanket is available, it should be used to smother the fire. The person should not be

wrapped to avoid the chimney effect with the fire blanket.

10.8 Chemical Spills on Personnel

For spills covering small amounts of skin, the area should be washed immediately with flowing

water for 15 minutes. To facilitate cleaning, jewelry should be removed. If there is no visible

burn, the 15-minute wash with water is sufficient. If a burn is visible, medical attention should

be sought after the washing has been completed. After washing, the SDS should be consulted to

determine if any delayed effects should be expected. Depending on the information from the

SDS, follow-up medical attention may be necessary.

For larger spills, the same procedures should apply, except that it may be appropriate to use the

safety drench shower to assure thorough and complete washing.

For spills on clothing and whenever necessary, the clothes as well as shoes and jewelry to

facilitate washing should be removed as quickly as possible. The safety drench shower should be

used for 15 minutes and any affected skin should be thoroughly flooded for 15 minutes. The

washing should be resumed if pain continues. No creams, salves, or lotions should be placed on

the affected area, and medical attention should be sought as soon as possible.

Special care should be taken to prevent chemicals from entering the eyes. Contaminated clothes

should be washed separately from other personal clothing, or disposed of as a hazardous waste

(depending on the contamination source).

10.9 Splashes in the Eyes

Whenever potentially harmful chemicals enter the eye(s), the eye(s) should be immediately

flushed with tempered potable water from a gently flowing source for at least 15 minutes. The

eyelids should be held away from the eyeball, while the eyeball is moved up, down, and sideways

to wash behind the eyelid(s). Assistance is absolutely necessary at this time. If contact lenses are

worn, they should be removed as soon as possible to allow complete rinsing of the eye(s).

10.10 Dealing with Medical Help

Medical personnel should be fully informed about the chemical involved in the spill and the

circumstances of the spill. Whenever possible a safety data sheet should be provided to the

medical person providing assistance.

10.11 Other Accidents Involving Personal Injury

Anyone overcome with smoke or fumes should be removed to uncontaminated air and treated for

shock. Potential rescuers should evaluate the possibility of harm to themselves before entering or

remaining in a toxic environment.

If hazardous chemicals are ingested, the first aid treatment shown on the label or in the safety

data sheet should be undertaken.

If an injured person is not breathing, the rescuer should provide mouth-to-mouth resuscitation,

using appropriate methods. Special training is required to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation

(CPR). Consult the local Red Cross for details.

Bleeding should be controlled by compressing the wound with a clean cloth or other appropriate

compress. However, because of the possibility of infection with one or more bloodborne

pathogens, such as the HIV virus, adequate personal protection should be used. The injury

should be elevated above the level of the heart. After bleeding is controlled, the injured person

should be covered to avoid shock. Medical attention should be called for as soon as possible.

If a person is in contact with a live electrical circuit, the power should be shut off at the most

convenient switch. The person should not be touched until the power has been disconnected.

10.12 General Chemical Spills

All spills should be cleaned up promptly. Any individual at risk of involvement should be

warned about the spill. Local procedures should be established and followed for determining

when evacuation is necessary.

The spread of chemicals in a spill is important, and so absorbent material should be used to

surround the spill area. After the spill has been contained, it can be cleaned up with appropriate

tools, including commercial spill control kits, for example. If the spilled material is a hazardous

chemical, that chemical and all the cleanup material must be treated as hazardous chemical waste

and properly disposed.

10.13 Accident Reports

All accidents and near accidents should be carefully investigated. The results of that

investigation and recommendations for the prevention of similar occurrences should be

forwarded to the Department Chair and Chemical Hygiene Officer. Accident reports should be

kept on file, as indicated in the record-keeping section of this document.

Section 11: SPILL RESPONSE PROCEDURES

11.1 Personal Injury

In the event of a spill, the first response should be to determine if anyone has come in contact

with the spilled chemical. All persons who have been splashed should be assisted to the deluge

shower. A minimum 15-minute rinse is indicated. Remember if clothing is splashed, it must all

be removed, since the rinse is designed to remove chemicals only from the skin. Any suggestion

of splash in the eyes requires a 15-minute rinse at the eye wash. Hold the eyelids open and allow

the water to rinse the eye surface. If contact lenses are worn, they should be removed as soon as

possible to allow complete rinsing of the eye.

11.2 Identification of the Spill

If the spill appears to be organic solvents, ammonia, or other volatile reagents, evacuate the area

as soon as possible. Use fire drill procedures and ventilate the area. Be aware of the possibility

of sparks from electrical switches, open flames, or other sources of ignition.

If the chemical involved in the spill is judged to present an immediate hazard, the evacuation is

to be absolute, and the area isolated until a HAZMAT team is called.

11.3 Containment of the Spill

If there is no immediate danger to personnel, containment should be accomplished by use of spill

pillows, towels, rolls, or other devices that will keep it from spreading.

If practical, a dam to contain the spill may be formed using coarse vermiculite, kitty litter, or

another absorbent material.

Another inexpensive sorbent can be made from a mixture of sand and sodium carbonate. This is

particularly effective with corrosives because the soda will neutralize acids, and the sand

improves the footing and minimizes the possibility of slipping and falling into the spill. The use

of sodium bicarbonate is also effective, and it will neutralize caustic spills.

11.4 Cleanup

If hazardous vapors are present, the area should be isolated. Only persons trained in the use of

respirators may enter the area. This will frequently mean waiting for the arrival of the HAZMAT

team.

Cleanup can proceed once the area is vented and the spill is contained. Mops, shovels, scoops,

and buckets can be used in the usual manner.

Once the spill is thoroughly absorbed, the waste should be collected in heavy plastic bags, clearly

labeled, and isolated for disposal.

After all hazardous material has been removed, cleanup can be completed using standard

custodial cleaning procedures.

11.5 Protective Equipment

Protective equipment to be used in the cleanup process should include chemical splash goggles,

face shields, heavy rubber gloves, coveralls or aprons or lab coats, and either rubber boots or

plastic over-the-shoe protectors.

In no case should the cleanup of a major spill be undertaken by one not trained in these

procedures. No one should work alone. The buddy system is essential to protect the workers.

Further, the cleanup team should not begin work before contacting the Chemical Hygiene Officer

or other appropriate authorities.

11.6 Training Requirements

To undertake the cleanup of a major or extremely hazardous spill, all responders should have

Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) training. This training is

available at various levels:

11.6.1 The “First Responder at the Awareness Level” must understand the nature of hazardous

materials and the associated risks, recognize the presence of hazardous materials in an

emergency, and understand the first responder’s role in the College’s emergency response plan,

which is to determine risk, assist injured, evacuate, and call for assistance.

11.6.2 The “First Responder at the Operating Level” will know the basic hazard and risk-

assessment techniques and terms, will select and use proper personal protective equipment, will

perform basic control, containment, and/or confinement operations using the capabilities

available within the school, will implement basic decontamination procedures, and will

understand the relevant standard operating procedures and termination procedures.

11.6.3 “HAZWOPER Third-and Fourth-Level Response” will require a trained HAZMAT team,

i.e., the fire department.

11.6.4 Training for all laboratory workers should include awareness level training which is

reviewed on an annual basis. The second level, the operations response team, should have

training sessions at least twice a year. If possible, this should be coordinated with local

HAZMAT, fire department, or other emergency response teams to improve efficiency during an

incident.

11.7 Disposal

If the spilled material was a hazardous chemical, all of the materials involved in the cleanup will

usually be considered hazardous waste and must be disposed of as such.

In those few instances in which the cleanup transformed the material to a nonhazardous form, the

cleanup residue may be disposed of in a local sanitary landfill. Check with local landfill

authorities before attempting to do this.

11.8 Record-Keeping

Complete records of the incident, including injuries, witnesses, response and cleanup procedures,

waste disposal, additional assistance, and final evaluation will be collected for the Department.

Chemical Hygiene Officer and/or the Environmental Health and Safety Officer.

Appendix A

THE LABORATORY STANDARD

OSHA Laboratory Standard

29 CFR 1910.1450

PART 1910-OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

STANDARDS

1. The authority citation for part 1910, subpart Z is amended by

adding the following citation at the end. (Citation which precedes

asterisk indicates general rulemaking authority.)

Authority: Secs. 6 and 8, Occupational Safety and Health Act,

29 U.S.C. 655, 657; Secretary of Labor's Orders Nos. 12-71 (36

FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), or 9-83 (48 FR 35736), as

applicable; and 29 CFR part 1911.

* * * Section 1910.1450 is also issued under sec. 6(b), 8(c) and

8(g)(2), Pub.L. 91-596, 84 Stat. 1593, 1599, 1600; 29 U.S.C. 655,

657.

2. Section 1910.1450 is added to subpart Z, part 1910 to read as

follows:

191.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in

laboratories.

(a) Scope and application. (1) This section shall apply to all

employers engaged in the laboratory use of hazardous chemicals as

defined below.

(2) Where the section applies it shall supersede, for laboratories,

the requirements of all other OSHA health standards in 29 CFR

part 1910, subpart Z, except as follows:

(i) For any OSHA health standard, only the requirement to limit

employee exposure to the specific permissible exposure limit shall

apply for laboratories, unless that particular standard states

otherwise or unless the conditions of paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this

section apply.

(ii) Prohibition of eye and skin contact where specified by any

OSHA health standard shall be observed.

(iii) Where the action level (or in the absence of action level, the

permissible exposure limit) is routinely exceeded for an OSHA

regulated substance with exposure monitoring and medical

surveillance requirements, paragraphs (d0 and (g)(1)(ii) of this

section shall apply.

(3) This section shall not apply to:

(i) Uses of hazardous chemicals which do not meet the

definition of laboratory use, and in such cases, the employer shall

comply with the relevant standard in 29 CFR part 1910, subpart 2,

even if such occurs in a laboratory.

(ii) Laboratory uses of hazardous chemicals which provide no

potential for employee exposure. Examples of such conditions

might include:

(A) Procedures using chemically-impregnated test media such

as Dip-and-Read tests where a reagent strip is dipped into the

specimen to be tested and the results are interpreted by comparing

the color chart supplied by the manufacturer of the test strip; and

(B) Commercially prepared kits such as those used in

performing pregnancy tests in which all of the reagents needed to

conduct the test are contained in the kit.

(b) Definitions-

"Action level" means a concentration designated in 29 CFR part

1910 for a specific substance, calculated as an eight (8)-hour time-

weighted average, which initiates certain required activities such as

exposure monitoring and medical surveillance.

"Assistant Secretary" means the Assistant Secretary of labor for

Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Department of Labor, or

designee.

"Carcinogen" (see "select carcinogen").

"Chemical Hygiene Officer" means an employee who is

designated by the employer, and who is qualified by training or

experience, to provide technical guidance in the development and

implementation of the provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan.

This definition is not intended to place limitation on the position

description or job classification that the designated individual shall

hold within the employer's organizational structure.

"Chemical Hygiene Plan" means a written program developed

and implemented by the employer which sets forth procedures,

equipment, personal protective equipment and work practices that

(i) are capable of protecting employees from the health hazards

presented by hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace

and (ii) meets the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section.

"Combustible liquid" means any liquid having a flashpoint at or

above 100

F (37.8

C), but below 200

F (93.3

C), except any

mixture having components with flashpoints of 200

F (93.3

C),

or higher, the total volume of which make up 99 percent or more of

the total volume of the mixture.

"Compressed Gas" means"

(i) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute

pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70

F (21.1

C); or

(ii) A gas or mixture of gases having, in a container, an absolute

pressure exceeding 104 psi at 130

F (54.4

C) regardless of the

pressure at 70

F (21.1

C);or

(iii) A liquid having a vapor pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100

(37.8

C) as determined by ASTM D-323-72.

"Designated Area" means an area which may be used for work

with "select carcinogens" reproductive toxins or substances which

have a high degree of acute toxicity. A designated area may be the

entire laboratory, an area of a laboratory or a device such as a

laboratory hood.

"Emergency" means any occurrence such as, but not limited to,

equipment failure, rupture or containers or failure of control

equipment which results in an uncontrolled release of a hazardous

chemical into the workplace.

"Employee" means an individual employed in a laboratory

workplace who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in the

course of his or her assignments.

"Explosive" means a chemical that causes a sudden, almost

instantaneous release of pressure, gas, and heat when subjected to

sudden shock, pressure, or high temperature.

"Flammable" means a chemical that falls into one of the

following categories:

(i) "Aerosol, flammable" means an aerosol that, when tested by

the method described in 16 CFR 1500.45, yields a flame protection

exceeding 18 inches at full valve opening, or a flashback (a flame

extending back to the valve) at any degree of valve opening;

(ii) "Gas, flammable" means:

(A) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a

flammable mixture with air at a concentration of 13 percent b

volume or less; or

(B) A gas that, at ambient temperature and pressure, forms a

range of flammable mixtures with air wider that 12 percent by

volume, regardless of the lower limit.

(iii) "Liquid, flammable" means any liquid having a flashpoint

below 100

F (37.8

C), except any mixture having components

with flashpoints of 100

F (37.8

C) or higher, the total of which

make up 99 percent of more of the total volume of the mixture.

(iv) "Solid, flammable" means a solid, other than a blasting

agent or explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that is liable to cause

fire through friction, absorption of moisture, spontaneous chemical

change, or retained heat from manufacturing or processing, or

which can be ignited readily and when ignited burns so vigorously

and persistently as to create a serious hazard. A chemical shall be

considered to be a flammable solid if, when tested by the method

described in 16 CFR 1500.44, it ignites and burns with a self-

sustained flame at a rate greater than one-tenth of an inch per

second along its major axis.

"Flashpoint" means the minimum temperature at which a liquid

gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite when tested

as follows:

(i) Tagliabue Closed Tester (See American National Standard

for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester, Z11.7-1979 (STM D93-79))-

for liquids with a viscosity of less than 45 Saybolt Universal

Seconds (SUS) at 100

F (37.8

C), than do not contain suspended

solids and do not have a tendency to form a surface film under test;

(ii) Pensky-Martens Closed Tester (see American National

Standard Method of Test for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens

Closed Tester, Z11.7-1979 (ASTM D 93-79))-for liquids with a

viscosity equal to or greater than 45SUS at 100

F (37.8

C), or that

contain suspended solids, or that have a tendency to form a surface

fulm under test; or

(iii)Setaflash Closed Tester (see American National standard

Method of Test for Flash Point by Setaflash Closed Tester (ASTM

D3278-78)).

Organic peroxides, which undergo autoaccelerating thermal

decomposition, are excluded from any of the flashpoint

determination methods specified above.

"Hazardous chemical" means a chemical for which there is

statistically significant evidence based on at least one study

conducted in accordance with established scientific principles that

acute or chronic health effects may occur in exposed employees.

The term "health hazard" includes chemicals which are

carcinogens, toxic or highly toxic agents, reproductive toxins,

irritants, corrosives, sensitizers, hepatotoxins, nephrotoxins,

neurotoxins, agents which act on the hemtopoietic systems, and

agents which damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes.

Appendices A and B of the Hazard Communication Standard

(29CFR 1910.1200) provide further guidance in defining the scope

of health hazards and determining whether or not a chemical is to

be considered hazardous for purposes of this standard.

"Laboratory" means a facility where the "laboratory use of

hazardous chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively

small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non-

production basis.

"Laboratory scale" means work with substances in which the

containers used for reactions, transfers, and other handling of

substances are designed to be easily and safely manipulated by one

person. "Laboratory scale" excludes those workplaces whose

function is to produce commercial quantities of materials.

"Laboratory-type hood" means a device located in a laboratory,

enclosure on five sides with a moveable sash or fixed partial

enclosed on the remaining side; constructed and maintained to

draw air from the laboratory and to prevent or minimize the escape

of air contaminants into the laboratory; and allows chemical

manipulations to be conducted in the enclosure with out insertion

of any portion of the employee's body other than hands and arms.

Walk-in hoods with adjustable sashes meet the above definition

provided that the sashes are adjusted during use to that the airflow

and the exhaust of air contaminants are not compromised and

employees do not work inside the enclosure during the release of

airborne hazardous chemicals.

"Laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" means handling or

use of such chemicals in which all of the following conditions are

met:

(i) Chemical manipulations are carried out on a "laboratory

scale;"

(ii)Multiple chemical procedures or chemicals are used;

(iii) The procedures involved are not part of a production

process, nor in any way simulate a production process; and

(iv) "Protective laboratory practices and equipment" are

available and in common use to minimize the potential for

employee exposure to hazardous chemicals.

"Medical consultation" means a consultation which takes place

between an employee and a licensed physician for the purpose of

determining what medical examination or procedures, if any, are

appropriate in cases where a significant exposure to a hazardous

chemical may have taken place.

"Organic peroxides" means an organic compound that contains

the bivalent -O-O- structure and which may be considered to be a

structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of the

hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical.

"Oxidizer" means a chemical other that a blasting agent or

explosive as defined in 1910.109(a), that initiates or promotes

combustion in other materials, thereby causing fire either of itself

or through the release of oxygen or other gases.

"Physical hazard" means a chemical for which there is

scientifically valid evidence that it is a combustible liquid, a

compressed gas, explosive, flammable, an organic peroxide, an

oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable (reactive) or water-reactive.

"Protective laboratory practices and equipment" means those

laboratory procedures, practices and equipment accepted by

laboratory health and safety experts as effective, or that the

employer can show to be effective, in minimizing the potential for

employee exposure to hazardous chemicals.

"Reproductive toxins" means chemicals which affect the

reproductive capabilities including chromosomal damage

(mutations) and effects on fetuses (teratogenesis)

"Select carcinogen" means any substance which meets one of

the following criteria:

(i) It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen; or

(ii) It is listed under the category, "known to be carcinogens," in

the Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National

Toxicology Program (NTP) (latest edition); or

(iii) It is listed under Group 1 ("carcinogenic to humans") by the

International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs (IARC)

(latest editions); or

(iv) It is listed in either Group 2A or @B by IARC or under the

category, "reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens" by NTP, and

causes statistically significant tumor incidence in experimental

animals in accordance with any of the following criteria:

(A) After inhalation exposure of 6-7 hours per day, 5 days per

week, for a significant portion of a lifetime to dosages of less than

10 mg/m

;

(B) After repeated skin application of less than 300 (mg/kg of

body weight) per week; or

day.

"Unstable (reactive)" means a chemical which is the pure state,

or as produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize,

decompose, condense, or will become self-reactive under

conditions of shocks, pressure or temperature.

"Water-reactive" means a chemical that reacts with water to

release a gas that is either flammable or presents a health hazard.

regulated substances, the employer shall assure that laboratory

employees' exposures to such substances do not exceed the

permissible exposure limits specified in 26 CFR par 1910, subpart

(d)Employee exposure determination-(1)Initial monitoring. The

employer shall measure the employee's exposure to any substance

regulated by a standard which requires monitoring if there is

reason to believe that exposure levels for that substance routinely

exceed the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the

PEL.

(2) Periodic monitoring. If the initial monitoring prescribed by

paragraph (d)(1) of this section discloses employee exposure over

the action level (or in the absence of an action level, the PEL), the

employer shall immediately comply with the exposure monitoring

provisions of the relevant standard.

(3) Termination of monitoring. Monitoring may be terminated

in accordance with the relevant standard.

(4)Employee notification of monitoring results. The employer

shall, within 15 working days after the receipt of any monitoring

results, notify the employee of these results in writing either

individually or by posting results in an appropriate location that is

accessible to employees.

(e)Chemical hygiene plan-General. (Appendix A of this section

is non-mandatory but provides guidance to assist employers in the

development of the Chemical Hygiene Plan). (1) Where hazardous

chemicals as defined by this standard are used in the workplace,

the employer shall develop and carry out the provisions of a

written Chemical Hygiene Plan which is:

(i) Capable of protecting employees from health hazards

associated with hazardous chemicals in that laboratory and

(ii) Capable of keeping exposures below the limits specified in

paragraph (c) of this section.

(2) The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall be readily available to

employees, employee representatives and, upon request, to the

Assistant Secretary.

(3) The Chemical Hygiene Plan shall include each of the

following elements and shall indicate specific measures that the

employer will take to ensure laboratory employee protection:

(i) Standard operating procedures relevant to safety and health

considerations tob e followed when laboratory work involves the

use of hazardous chemicals;

(ii) Criteria that the employer will use to determine and

implement control measures to reduce employee exposure to

hazardous chemicals including engineering controls, the use of

personal protective equipment and hygiene practices; particular

attention shall be given to the selection of control measure for

chemicals that are known to be extremely hazardous;

(iii) A requirement that fume hoods and other protective

equipment are functioning properly and specific measures that

shall be taken to ensure proper and adequate performance of such

equipment;

(iv) Provisions for employee information and training as

prescribed in paragraph (f) of this section;

(v) The circumstances under which a particular laboratory

operation, procedure or activity shall require prior approval from

the employer or the employer's designee before implementation;

(vi) Provisions for medical consultation and medical

examinations in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section;

(vii) Designation of personnel responsible for implementation of

Chemical Hygiene Plan including the assignment of a Chemical

Hygiene Officer and, if appropriate, establishment of a Chemical

Hygiene Committee; and

(viii) Provisions for additional employee protection for work

with particularly hazardous substances. These include "select

carcinogens," reproductive toxins and substances which have a

high degree of acute toxicity. Specific consideration shall be given

to the following provisions which shall be included where

appropriate:

(A) Establishment of a designated area;

(B) Use of containment devices such as fume hood or glove

boxes;

(D) Decontamination procedures.

(4) The employer shall review and evaluate the effectiveness of

the Chemical Hygiene Plan at least annually and update it as

necessary.

(f) Employee information and training. (1) The employer shall

provide employees with information and training to ensure that

they are apprised of the hazards of chemicals present in their work

area.

(2) Such information shall be provided at the time of an

employees' initial assignment to a work area where hazardous

chemicals are present and prior to assignments involving new

exposure situations. The frequency of refresher information and

training shall be determined by the employer.

(3) Information. Employees shall be informed of:

(i) The contents of this standard and its appendices which shall

be made available to employees;

(ii) The location and availability of the employer's Chemical

Hygiene Plan;

(iii) The permissible exposure limits for OSHA regulated

substances or recommended exposure limits for other hazardous

chemicals where there is no applicable OSHA standard;

(iv)Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous

chemicals used in the laboratory; and

(v) The location and availability of known reference material on

the hazards, safe handling, storage and disposal of hazardous

chemicals found in the laboratory including, but not limited to,

Material Safety Data Sheets received from the chemical supplier.

(4) Training. (I) Employee training shall include:

(A) Methods and observations that may be used to detect the

presence or release of a hazardous chemical (such as monitoring

conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual

appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals when being released,

etc.);

(B) The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work

area; and

from these hazards, including specific procedures the employer has

implemented to protect employees from exposure to hazardous

chemicals, such as appropriate work practices, emergency

procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used.

(ii) The employee shall be trained on the applicable details of

the employer's written Chemical Hygiene Plan.

(g) Medical consultation and medical examinations. (1) The

employer shall provide all employees who work with hazardous

chemicals an opportunity to receive medical attention, including

any follow-up examinations which the examining physician

determines to be necessary, under the following circumstances:

(i) Whenever an employee develops signs or symptoms

associated with a hazardous chemical to which the employee may

have been exposed in the laboratory, the employee shall be

provided an opportunity to receive an appropriate medical

examination.

(ii) Where exposure monitoring reveals an exposure level

routinely above the action level (or in the absence of an action

level, the PEL) for an OSHA regulated substance for which there

are exposure monitoring and medical surveillance requirements,

medical surveillance shall be established for the affected employee

as prescribed by the particular standard.

(iii) Whenever an event takes place in the work area such as a

spill, leak, explosion or other occurrence resulting in the likelihood

of a hazardous exposure, the affected employee shall be provided

and opportunity for a medical consultation. Such consultation

shall be for the purpose of determining the need for a medical

examination.

(2) All medical examinations and consultations shall be

performed by or under the direct supervision of a licensed

physician and shall be provided without cost to the employee,

without loss of pay and at a reasonable time and place.

(3) Information provided to the physician. The employer shall

provide the following information to the physician:

(i) The identity of the hazardous chemical(s) to which the

employee may have been exposed;

(ii) A description of the conditions under which the exposure

occurred including quantitative exposure data, if available; and

(iii) A description of the signs and symptoms of exposure that

the employee is experiencing, if any.

(4) Physician's written opinion. (i) For examination or

consultation required under this standard, the employer shall obtain

a written opinion from the examining physician which shall

include the following:

(A) Any recommendation for further medical follow-up;

(B) The results of the medical examination and any associated

tests;

of the examination which may place the employee at increased risk

as a result of exposure to a hazardous chemical found in the

workplace; and

(D) A statement that the employee has been informed by the

physician of the results of the consultation or medical examination

and any medical condition that may require further examination or

treatment.

(ii) The written opinion shall not reveal specific findings of

diagnoses unrelated to occupational exposure.

(h) Hazard identification. (1) With respect to labels and material

safety data sheets:

(i) Employers shall ensure that labels on incoming containers of

hazardous chemicals are not removed or defaced.

(ii) Employers shall maintain any material safety data sheets

that are received with incoming shipments of hazardous chemicals,

and ensure that they are readily accessible to laboratory employees.

(2) The following provisions shall apply to chemical substances

developed in the laboratory:

(i) If the composition of the chemical substance which is

produced exclusively for the laboratory's use is known, the

employer shall determine if it is a hazardous chemical as defined in

paragraph (b) of this section. If the chemical is determined to be

hazardous, the employer shall provide appropriate training as

required under paragraph (f) of this section.

(ii) If the chemical produced is a byproduct whose composition

is not known, the employer shall assume that the substance is

hazardous and shall implement paragraph (e) of this section.

(iii) If the chemical substance is produced for another user

outside of the laboratory, the employer shall comply with the

Hazard Communication Standard (26 CFR 1910.1200) including

requirements for preparation of material safety data sheets and

labeling.

(i) Use of respirators. Where the use of respirators is necessary

to maintain exposure below permissible exposure limits, the

employer shall provide, at no cost to the employee, the proper

respiratory equipment. Respirators shall be selected and used in

accordance with the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.134.

(j) Recordkeeping. (1) The employer shall establish and

maintain for each employee an accurate record of any

measurements taken to monitor employee exposures and any

medical consultation and examinations including test or written

opinions required by this standard.

(2) The employer shall assure that such records are kept,

transferred, and made available in accordance with 29 CFR

1910.20.

(k) Dates-(1) Effective date. This section shall become effective

May 1, 1990.

(2) Start-up dates. (i) Employers shall have developed and

implemented a written Chemical Hygiene Plan no later than

January 31, 1991.

(ii) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section shall not take effect until the

employer has developed and implemented a written Chemical

Hygiene Plan.

(l) Appendices. The information contained in the appendices is

not intended, by itself, to create any additional obligations not

otherwise imposed or to detract from any existing obligation.

Appendix A to 1910.1450-National Research Council

Recommendations Concerning Chemical Hygiene in

Laboratories (Non-Mandatory)

Table of Contents

Foreword

Corresponding Sections of the Standard and This Appendix

A. General Principles

1. Minimize all chemical Exposures

2. Avoid Underestimation of Risk

3. Provide Adequate Ventilation

4. Institute a Chemical Hygiene Plan

5. Observe the PELs and TLVs

B. Responsibilities

1. Chief executive Officer

2. Supervisor of Administrative Unit

3. Chemical Hygiene Officer

4. Laboratory Supervisor

5. Project Director

6. Laboratory Worker

C. The Laboratory Facility

1. Design

2. Maintenance

3. Usage

4. Ventilation

D. Components of the Chemical Hygiene Plan

1. Basic Rules and Procedures

2. Chemical Procurement, Distribution, and Storage

3. Environmental Monitoring

4. Housekeeping, Maintenance and Inspections

5. Medical Program

6. Personal Protective Apparel and Equipment

7. Records

8. Signs and Labels

9. Spills and Accidents

10. Training and Information

11. Waste Disposal

E. General Procedures for Working With Chemicals

General Rules for all Laboratory Work with Chemicals

1. Allergens and Embryotoxins

2. Chemicals of Moderate Chronic or High Acute Toxicity

3. Chemical of High Chronic Toxicity

4. Animal work with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity

F. Safety Recommendations

G. Material Safety Data Sheets

Foreword

As guidance for each employer's development of an appropriate

laboratory Chemical Hygiene Plan, the following non-mandatory

recommendations are provided. They were extracted from

"Prudent Practices for handling Hazardous Chemical in

Laboratories" (referred to below as "Prudent Practices"), which

was published in 1981 by the National Research Council and is

available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution

Ave., NW., Washington DC 20418.

"Prudent Practices" is cited because of its wide distribution and

acceptance and because of its preparation by members of the

laboratory community through the sponsorship of the National

Research Council. However, none of the recommendations given

here will modify any requirements of the laboratory standard. This

Appendix merely presents pertinent recommendations from

"Prudent Practices", organized into a form convenient for quick

reference during operation of a laboratory facility and during

development and application of a Chemical Hygiene Plan. Users

of this appendix should consult "Prudent Practices" for a more

extended presentation and justification for each recommendation.

"Prudent Practices" deals with both safety and chemical hazards

while the laboratory standard is concerned primarily with chemical

hazards. Therefore, only those recommendation directed primarily

toward control of toxic exposures are cited in this appendix, with

the term "chemical hygiene" being substituted for the word

"safety". However, since conditions producing or threatening

physical injury often pose toxic risks as well, page references

concerning major categories of safety hazards in the laboratory are

given in section F.

The recommendations from "Prudent Practices" have been

paraphrased, combined, or otherwise reorganized, and headings

have been added. However, their sense has not been changed.

Corresponding Sections of the Standard and this Appendix

The following table is given for the convenience of those who

are developing a Chemical Hygiene Plan which will satisfy the

requirements of paragraph (e) of the standard. It indicates those

sections of this appendix which are most pertinent to each of the

sections of paragraph (e) and related paragraphs.

Paragraph and topic in laboratory standard Relevant

appendix

section

(e)(3)(i) Standard operating procedures for

handling toxic chemicals.

C, D, E

(e)(3)(ii) Criteria to be used for

implementation of measures to reduce

exposure.

(e)(3)(iii) Fume hood performance C4b

(e)(3)(iv) Employee information and

training (including emergency

procedures).

D10, D9

(e)(3)(v) Requirements for prior approval of

laboratory activities.

E2b, E4b

(e)(3)(vi) Medical consultation and medical

examinations

D5, E4f

(e)(3)(vii) Chemical hygiene

responsibilities.

(e)(3)(viii) Special precautions for work

with particularly hazardous substances.

E2, E3, E4

In this appendix, those recommendations directed primarily at

administrators and supervisors are given in sections A-D. Those

recommendations of primary concern to employees who are

actually handling laboratory chemical are given in section E.

(Reference to page numbers in "Prudent Practices" are given in

parentheses.)

A. General Principles for Work with Laboratory Chemicals

In addition to the more detailed recommendations listed below

in sections B-E, "Prudent Practices" expresses certain general

principles, including the following:

1. It is prudent to minimize all chemical exposures. Because

few laboratory chemicals are without hazards, general precautions

for handling all laboratory chemicals should be adopted, rather

than specific guidelines for particular chemicals (2, 10). Skin

contact with chemicals should be avoided as a cardinal rule (198).

2. Avoid underestimation of risk. Even for substances of no

known significant hazard, exposure should be minimized; for work

with special precautions should be taken 910, 37, 38). One should

assume that any mixture will be more toxic than its most toxic

component (30,103) and that all substances of unknown toxicity

are toxic (3, 34).

3. Provide adequate ventilation. The best way to prevent

exposure to airborne substances is to prevent their escape into the

working atmosphere by use of hoods and other ventilation devices

(32, 198).

4. Institute a chemical hygiene program. A mandatory chemical

hygiene program designed to minimize exposures is needed; it

should be a regular, continuing effort, not merely a standby or

short-term activity (6, 11). Its recommendations should be

followed in academic teaching laboratories as ell as by full-time

laboratory workers (13).

5. Observe the PELs, TLVs. The Permissible Exposure Limits

of OSHA and the Threshold Limit Values of the American

Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists should not be

exceeded (13).

B. Chemical Hygiene Responsibilities

Responsibility for chemical hygiene rest at all levels (6, 11, 21)

including the:

1. Chief executive officer, who has ultimate responsibility for

chemical hygiene within the institution, and must with other

administrators, provide continuing support for institutional

chemical hygiene (7, 11).

2. Supervisor of the department or other administrative unit,

who is responsible for chemical hygiene in that unit (7).

3. Chemical hygiene officer(s), whose appointment is essential

(7) and who must:

(a) Work with administrators and other employees to develop

and implement appropriate chemical hygiene policies and practices

(7);

(b) Monitor procurement, use, and disposal of chemicals used in

the lab (8);

(d) Help project directors develop precautions and adequate

facilities (10);

(e) Know the current legal requirements concerning regulated

substances (50); and

(f) Seek ways to improve the chemical hygiene program (8, 11).

4. Laboratory supervisor, who has overall responsibility for

chemical hygiene in the laboratory (21) including responsibility to:

(a) Ensure that workers know and follow the chemical hygiene

rules, that protective equipment is available and in working order,

and that appropriate training has been provided (21, 22);

(b) Provide regular, formal chemical hygiene and housekeeping

inspections including routine inspections of emergency equipment

(21, 171);

substances (50, 231);

(d) Determine the required levels of protective apparel and

equipment (156, 160, 162); and

(e) ensure that facilities and training for use of any material

being ordered are adequate (215).

5. Project director or director of other specific operation, who

has primary responsibility for chemical hygiene procedures for that

operation (7).

6. Laboratory worker, who is responsible for:

(a) Planning and conducting each operation in accordance with

the institutional chemical hygiene procedures (7, 21, 22, 230); and

(b) Developing good personal chemical hygiene habits (22).

C. The Laboratory Facility

1. Design. The laboratory facility should have:

(a) An appropriate general ventilation system (see C4 below)

with air intakes and exhausts located so as to avoid intake of

contaminated air (194);

(b) Adequate, well-ventilated stockrooms/storerooms (218,

219);

(d) Other safety equipment including eyewash fountains and

drench showers (162, 169); and

(e) Arrangements for waste disposal (12, 240).

2. Maintenance. Chemical-hygiene-related equipment (hoods,

incinerator, etc.) should undergo continuing appraisal and be

modified if inadequate (11, 12).

3. Usage. The work conducted (10) and its scale (12) must be

appropriate to the physical facilities available and, especially, to

the quality of ventilation (13).

4. Ventilation.-(a) General laboratory ventilation. This system

should: Provide a source of air for breathing and for input to local

ventilation devices (199); it should not be relied on for protection

from toxic substances released into the laboratory (198); ensure

that laboratory air is continually replaced, preventing increase of

air concentrations of toxic substances during the working day

(194); direct air flow into the laboratory from non-laboratory areas

and out to the exterior of the building (194).

(b) Hoods. A laboratory hood with 2.5 linear feet of hood space

per person should be provided for every 2 workers if they spend

most of their time working with chemicals (199); each hood should

have a continuous monitoring device to allow convenient

confirmation of adequate hood performance before use (200, 209).

If this is not possible, work with substances of unknown toxicity

should be avoided (13) or other types of local ventilation devices

should be provided (199). See pp. 201-206 for a discussion of

hood design, construction, and evaluation.

canopy hoods, snorkels, etc. should be provided as needed (199).

Each canopy hood and snorkel should have a separate duct (207).

(d) Special ventilation areas. Exhaust air from glove boxes and

isolation rooms should be passed through scrubbers or other

treatment before release into the regular exhaust system (208).

Cold rooms and warm rooms should have provisions for rapid

escape in the event of electrical failure (209).

(e) Modifications. Any alteration of the ventilation system

should be made only if thorough testing indicates that worker

protection from airborne toxic substances will continue to be

adequate (12, 193, 204).

(f) Performance. Rate: 4-12 room air changes/hour is normally

adequate general ventilation if local exhaust systems such as hoods

are used as the primary method of control (194).

(g) Quality. General air flow should not be turbulent and should

be relatively uniform throughout the laboratory, with no high

velocity or static areas (194,195); airflow into and within the hood

should not be excessively turbulent (200); hood face velocity

should be adequate (typically 60-100 lfm) (200, 204).

(h) Evaluation. Quality and quantity of ventilation should be

evaluated on installation (202), regularly monitored ( at least every

3 months) (6, 12, 14, 195), and reevaluated whenever a change in

local ventilation devices is made (12, 195, 207). See pp. 195-198

for methods of evaluation and for calculation of estimated airborne

contaminant concentrations.

D. Components of the chemical Hygiene Plan

1. Basic Rules and Procedures

(Recommendations for these are given in section E, below)

2. Chemical Procurement, Distribution, and Storage

(a) Procurement. Before a substance is received, information

on proper handling, storage, and disposal should be known to those

who will be involved (251, 216). No container should be accepted

without an adequate identifying label (216).

(b) Stockrooms/storerooms. Toxic substances should be

segregated in a well-identified area with local exhaust ventilation

(221). Chemicals which are highly toxic (227) or other chemicals

whose containers have been opened should be in unbreakable

secondary containers (219). Stored chemicals should be examined

periodically (at least annually) for replacement, deterioration, and

container integrity (218-19).

Stockrooms/storerooms should not be used as preparation or

repackaging areas, should be open during normal working hours,

and should be controlled by one person (219).

container should be placed in an outside container or bucket.

Freight-only elevators should be used if possible (223).

(d) Laboratory storage. Amounts permitted should be as small

as practical. Storage on bench tops and in hoods is inadvisable.

Exposure to heat or direct sunlight should be avoided. Periodic

inventories should be conducted, with unneeded items being

discarded or returned to the storeroom/stockroom (225-6, 229).

3. Environmental Monitoring

Regular instrumental monitoring of airborne concentration is

not usually justified or practical in laboratories but may be

appropriate when testing or redesigning hoods or other ventilation

devised (12) or when a highly toxic substance is stored or used

regularly (e.g., 3 times/week) (13).

4. Housekeeping, Maintenance, and Inspections

(a) Cleaning. Floors should be cleaned regularly (24).

(b) Inspections. Formal housekeeping and chemical hygiene

inspections should be held at least quarterly (6, 21) for units which

have frequent personnel changes and semiannually for other;

informal inspections should be continual (21).

intervals of not less than 3 months (6). Respirators for routine use

should be inspected periodically by the laboratory supervisor

(169). Safety showers should be tested routinely (169). Other

safety equipment should be inspected regularly. (e.g., every 3-6

months) (6, 24,171). Procedures to prevent restarting of out-of-

service equipment should be established (25).

(d) Passageways. Stairways and hallways should not be used as

storage areas (24). Access to exits, emergency equipment, and

utility controls should never be blocked (24).

5. Medical Program

(a) Compliance with regulations. Regular medical surveillance

should be established to the extent required by regulations (12).

(b) Routine surveillance. Anyone whose work involves regular

and frequent handling of toxicologically significant quantities of a

chemical should consult a qualified physician to determine on an

individual basis whether a regular schedule of medical surveillance

is desirable (11, 50).

during working hours and an emergency room with medical

personnel should be nearby (173). See pp. 176-178 for description

of some emergency first aid procedures.

6. Protective Apparel and Equipment

These should include for each laboratory:

(a) Protective apparel compatible with the required degree of

protection for substance being handled (158-161);

(b) An easily accessible drench-type safety shower (162, 169);

(d) A fire extinguisher (162-164);

(e) Respiratory protection (164-9), fire alarm and telephone for

emergency use (162) should be available nearby; and

(f) Other items designated by the laboratory supervisor (156,

160).

7. Records

(a) Accident records should be written and retained (174).

(b) Chemical Hygiene Plan records should document that the

facilities and precautions were compatible with current knowledge

and regulations (7).

be kept as specified in sections E3e below.

(d) Medical records should be retained by the institution in

accordance with the requirements of state and federal regulations

(12).

8. Signs and Labels

Prominent signs and labels of the following types should be

posted:

(a) Emergency telephone numbers of emergency

personnel/facilities, supervisors, and laboratory workers (28);

(b) Identity labels, showing contents of containers (including

waste receptacles) and associated hazards (27, 48);

safety and first aid equipment, exits (27) and areas where food and

beverage consumption and storage are permitted (24); and

(d) Warnings at areas or equipment where special or unusual

hazards exist (27).

9. Spills and Accidents

(a) A written emergency plan should be established and

communicated to all personnel; it should include procedures for

ventilation failure (200), evacuation, medical care, reporting, and

drills (172).

(b) There should be an alarm system to alert people in all parts

of the facility including isolation areas such as cold rooms (172).

include consideration of prevention, containment, cleanup, and

reporting (175).

(d) All accidents or near accidents should be carefully analyzed

with the results distributed to all who might benefit (8, 28).

10. Information and Training Program

(a) Aim: To assure that all individuals at risk are adequately

informed about the work in the laboratory, its risks, and what to do

if an accident occurs (5, 15).

(b) Emergency and Personal Protection Training: Every

laboratory worker should know the location and proper use of

available protective apparel and equipment (154, 169).

Some of the full-time personnel of the laboratory should be

trained in the proper use of emergency equipment and procedures

(6).

Such training as well as first aid instruction should be available

to (154) and encouraged for (176) everyone who might need it.

about hazards, handling equipment, protective apparel, and

relevant regulations (217).

(d) Frequency of Training: The training and education program

should be a regular, continuing activity-not simply an annual

presentation (15).

(e) Literature/Consultation: Literature and consulting advice

concerning chemical hygiene should be readily available to

laboratory personnel, who should be encouraged to use these

information resources (14).

11. Waste Disposal Program

(a) Aim: To assure that minimal harm to people, other

organisms, and the environment will result from the disposal of

waste laboratory chemicals (5).

(b) Content (14,232, 233, 240): The waste disposal program

should specify how waste is collected, segregated, stored, and

transported and include consideration of what materials can be

incinerated. Transport from the institution must be in accordance

with DOT regulations (244).

chemicals and solutions should undergo prompt disposal; if

partially used, they should not be opened (24, 270.

Before a worker's employment in the laboratory ends, chemicals

for which that person was responsible should be discarded or

returned to storage (226).

(d) Frequency of Disposal: Waste should be removed from

laboratories to a central waste storage area at least once per week

and from the central waste storage area at regular intervals (14).

(e) Method of Disposal: Incineration in an environmentally

acceptable manner is the most practical disposal method for

combustible laboratory waste (14, 238, 241).

Indiscriminate disposal by pouring waste chemicals down the

drain (14, 231,242) or adding them to mixed refuse for landfill

burial is unacceptable (14).

Hoods should not be used as a means of disposal for volatile

chemical (40, 200).

Disposal by recycling (233, 243) or chemical decontamination

should be used when possible.

E. Basic Rules and Procedures for Working with Chemicals

The Chemical Hygiene Plan should require that laboratory

workers know and follow its rules and procedures. In addition to

the procedures of the sub programs mentioned above, these should

include the rules listed below.

1.General Rules

The following should be used for essentially all laboratory work

with chemicals:

(a) Accidents and spills-eye Contact: Promptly flush eyes with

water for a prolonged period (15 minutes) and seek medical

attention (33, 172).

Ingestion: Encourage the victim to drink large amounts of water

(178).

Skin Contact: Promptly flush the affected area with water (33,

172, 178) and remove any contaminated clothing (172, 178). If

symptoms persist after washing, seek medical attention (33).

Clean-up. Promptly clean up spills, using appropriate protective

apparel and equipment and proper disposal (24, 33). See pp. 233-

237 for specific clean-up recommendations.

(b) Avoidance of "routine" exposure; Develop and encourage

safe habits (230; avoid unnecessary exposure to chemicals by any

route (23);

Do not smell or taste chemicals (32). Vent apparatus which may

discharge toxic chemicals (vacuum pumps, distillation columns,

etc.) into local exhaust devices (199).

Inspect gloves (157) and test glove boxes (208) before use.

Do not allow release of toxic substances in cold rooms and

worm rooms, since these have contained recirculated atmospheres

(209).

quality of the available ventilation system is appropriate (13).

(d) Eating, smoking, etc.: Avoid eating, drinking, smoking, gum

chewing, or application of cosmetics in areas where laboratory

chemicals are present (22, 24, 32, 40); wash hands before

conducting these activities.

Avoid storage, handling, or consumption of food or beverages

in storage areas, refrigerators, glassware or utensils which are also

used for laboratory operations (23, 24, 226).

(e)Equipment and glassware: handle and store laboratory

glassware with care to avoid damage; do not use damaged

glassware (250. Use extra care with Dewar flasks and other

evacuated glass apparatus; shield or wrap them to contain

chemicals and fragments should implosion occur (25). Use

equipment only for its designed purpose (23, 26).

(f) Exiting: Wash areas of exposed skin well before leaving the

laboratory (23).

(h) Horseplay: Avoid practical jokes or other behavior which

might confuse, startle or distract another worker (23).

(i) Personal apparel: Confine long hair and loose clothing (23,

158). Wear shoes at all time in the laboratory but do not wear

sandals, perforated shoes, or sneakers (158).

(j) Personal housekeeping: Keep the work area clean and

uncluttered, with chemicals and equipment being properly labeled

and stored; clean up the work area on completion of an operation

or at the end of each day (24).

(k) Personal protection: Assure that appropriate eye protection

(154-156) is worn by all persons, including visitors, where

chemicals are stored or handled (22, 23, 33, 154).

Wear appropriate gloves when the potential for contact with

toxic materials exists (157); inspect the gloves before each use,

wash them before removal, and replace them periodically (157). (A

table of resistance to chemicals of common glove materials is

given p. 159).

Use appropriate (164-168) respiratory equipment when air

contaminant concentrations are not sufficiently restricted by

engineering controls (164-5), inspecting the respirator before use

(169).

Use any other protective and emergency apparel and equipment

as appropriate (22, 157-162).

Avoid use of contact lenses in the laboratory unless necessary;

if they are used, inform supervisor so special precautions can be

taken (155).

Remove laboratory coats immediately on significant

contamination (161).

(l) Planning: Seek information and advice about hazards (7),

plan appropriate protective procedures, and plan positioning of

equipment before beginning any new operation (22, 23).

(m) Unattended operations: Leave lights on, place an

appropriate sign on the door, and provide for containment of toxic

substance in the event of failure of a utility service (such as cooling

water) to an unattended operation (27, 128).

(n) Use of hood: use the hood for operations which might result

in release of toxic chemical vapors or dust (198-9).

As a rule of thumb, use a hood or other local ventilation device

when working with any appreciably volatile substance with a TLV

of less that 50 ppm (13).

Confirm adequate hood performance before use; keep hood

closed at all times except when adjustments within the hood are

being made (200); keep materials stored in hoods to a minimum

and do not allow them to block vents or air flow (200).

Leave the hood "on" when it is not in active use if toxic

substances are stored in it or if it is uncertain whether adequate

general laboratory ventilation will be maintained when it is "off"

(200).

(o) Vigilance: Be alert to unsafe conditions and see that they are

corrected when detected (22).

(p) Waste disposal: Assure that the plan for each laboratory

operation includes plans and training for waste disposal (230).

Deposit chemical waste in appropriately labeled receptacles and

follow all other waste disposal procedures of the Chemical

Hygiene Plan (22, 24).

Do not discharge to the sewer concentrated acids or bases (231);

highly toxic, malodorous, or lachrymatory substances (231); or any

substances which might interfere with the biological activity of

waste water treatment plants, create fire or explosion hazards,

cause structural damage or obstruct flow (242).

(q) Working alone: Avoid working alone in a building; do not

work alone in a laboratory if the procedures being conducted are

hazardous (28).

2. Working with Allergens and Embryotoxins

(a) Allergens (examples: diazomethane, isocyanates,

bichromates): Wear suitable gloves to prevent hand contact with

allergens or substances of unknown allergenic activity (35).

(b) Embryotoxins (34-5) (examples: organomercurials, lead

compounds, formamide): If you are a woman of childbearing age,

handle these substances only in a hood whose satisfactory

performance has been confirmed, using appropriate protective

apparel (especially gloves) to prevent skin contact.

Review each use of these materials with the research supervisor

and review continuing uses annually or whenever a procedural

change is made.

Store these substances, properly labeled, in an adequately

ventilated area in an unbreakable secondary container.

Notify supervisors of all incidents of exposure or spills; consult

a qualified physician when appropriate.

3. Work with Chemicals of Moderate Chronic or High Acute

Toxicity

Examples: diisopropylfluorophosphate (41), hydrofluoric acid

(43), hydrogen cyanide (45).

Supplemental rules to be followed in addition to those mention

above (Procedure B of "Prudent Practices"' pp. 39-41):

(a) Aim: To minimize exposure to these toxic substances by any

route using all reasonable precautions (39).

(b) Applicability: These precautions are appropriate for

substances with moderate chronic or high acute toxicity used in

significant quantities (39).

restricted access with special warning signs (40, 229).

Always use a hood (previously evaluated to confirm adequate

performance with a face velocity of at least 60 linear feet per

minute) (40) or other containment device for procedures which

may result in the generation of aerosols or vapors containing the

substance (39); trap released vapors to prevent their discharge with

the hood exhaust (40).

(d) Personal protection: Always avoid skin contact by use of

gloves and long sleeves (and other protective apparel as

appropriate) (39). Always wash hands and arms immediately after

working with these materials (40).

(e) Records: Maintain records of the amounts of these materials

on hand, amounts used, and the names of the workers involved (40,

229).

(f) Prevention of spills and accidents: Be prepared for accidents

and spills (41).

Assure that at least 2 people are present at all times if a

compound in use is highly toxic or of unknown toxicity (39).

Store breakable containers of these substances in chemically

resistant trays; also work and mount apparatus above such tray or

cover work and storage surfaces with removable, absorbent, plastic

backed paper (40).

If a major spill occurs outside the hood, evacuate the area;

assure that cleanup personnel wear suitable protective apparel and

equipment (41).

(g) Waste: Thoroughly decontaminate or incinerate

contaminated clothing or shoes (41). If possible, chemically

decontaminate by chemical conversion (40).

Store contaminated waste in closed, suitably labeled,

impervious containers (for liquids, in glass or plastic bottles half-

filled with vermiculite) (40).

4. Work with chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity

(Examples: dimethylmercury and nickel carbonyl (48), benzo-a-

pyrene (51), N-nitrosodiethylamine (54), other human carcinogens

or substances of known high chronic toxicity (in quantities above a

few milligrams to a few grams, depending on the substance) (47).

(Procedure A of "Prudent Practices" pp. 47-50).

(a) Access: Conduct all transfers and work with these substances

in a "controlled area": a restricted access hood, glove box, or

portion of a lab, designated for use of highly toxic substances, for

which all people with access are aware of the substance being used

and necessary precautions (48).

(b) Approvals: Prepare a plan for use and disposal of these

materials and obtain the approval of the laboratory supervisor (48).

pumps against contamination by scrubbers or HEPA filters and

vent them into the hood (49). Decontaminate vacuum pumps or

other contaminated equipment, including glassware, in the hood

before removing them from the controlled area (49, 50).

Decontaminate the controlled area before normal work is

resumed there (50).

(d) Exiting: On leaving a controlled area, remove any protective

apparel (placing it in an appropriate, labeled container) and

thoroughly wash hands, forearms, face, and neck (49).

(e) Housekeeping: Use a wet mop or a vacuum cleaner equipped

with a HEPA filter instead of dry sweeping if the toxic substance

was a dry powder (50).

(f) Medical surveillance: If using toxicologically significant

quantities of such a substance on a regular basis (e.g., 3 times per

week), consult a qualified physician concerning desirability of

regular medical surveillance (50).

(g) Records: Keep accurate records of the amounts of these

substances stored (229) and used, the dates of use, and names of

users (48).

(h) Signs and labels: Assure that the controlled area is

conspicuously marked with warning and restricted access signs

(49) and that all containers of these substances are appropriately

labeled with identity and warning labels (48).

(i) Spills: Assure that contingency plans, equipment, and

materials to minimize exposures of people and property in case of

accident are available (233-4).

(j) Storage: Store containers of these chemicals only in a

ventilated, limited access (48, 227, 229) area in appropriately

labeled, unbreakable, chemically resistant, secondary containers

(48, 229).

(k) Glove boxes: For a negative pressure glove box, ventilation

rate must be at least 2 volume changes/hour and pressure at least

0.5 inches of water (48). For a positive pressure glove box,

thoroughly check for leaks before each use (49). In either case,

trap exit gases of filter them through a HEPA filter and then

release them into the hood (49).

(l) Waste: Use chemical decontamination whenever possible;

ensure that containers of contaminated waste (including washings

from contaminated flasks) are transferred from the controlled area

in a secondary container under the supervision of authorized

personnel (49, 50, 233).

5. Animal Work with Chemicals of High Chronic Toxicity

(a) Access: For large scale studies, special facilities with

restricted access are preferable (56).

(b) Administration of the toxic substance: When possible,

administer the substance by injection or gavage instead of in the

diet. If administration is in the diet, use a caging system under

negative pressure or under laminar air flow directed toward HEPA

filters (56).

formation and dispersal of contaminated aerosols, including those

form food, urine, and feces (e.g., use HEPA filtered vacuum

equipment for cleaning, moisten contaminated bedding before

removal from the cage, mix diets in closed containers in a hood)

(55, 56).

(d) Personal protection: When working in the animal room,

wear plastic or rubber gloves, fully buttoned laboratory coat or

jumpsuit and, if needed because of incomplete suppression of

aerosols, other apparel and equipment (shoe and head coverings,

respirator) (56).

(e) Waste disposal: Dispose of contaminated animal tissues and

excreta by incineration if the available incinerator can convert the

contaminant to non-toxic products (238); otherwise package the

waste appropriately for burial in an EPA-approved site (239).

F. Safety Recommendations

The above recommendations from "Prudent Practices" do not

include those which are directed primarily toward prevention of

physical injury rather than toxic exposure. However, failure of

precautions against injury will often have the secondary effect of

causing toxic exposures. Therefore, we list below page references

for recommendations concerning some of the major categories of

safety hazards which also have implications for chemical hygiene:

1. Corrosive agents: (35-6)

2. Electrically powered laboratory apparatus: (179-92)

3. Fires, explosions: (26, 57-74, 162-4, 174-5,219-20, 226-7)

4. Low temperature procedures: (26, 88)

5. Pressurized and vacuum operations (including use of

compressed gas cylinders): (27, 75-101)

G. Material Safety Data Sheets

Material safety data sheets are presented in "Prudent Practices"

for the chemicals listed below. (Asterisks denote that

comprehensive material safety data sheets are provided).

*Acetyl peroxide (105)

*Acrolein (106)

*Acrylonilrile (107)

Ammonia (anhydrous) (91)

*Aniline (109)

*Benzene (110)

*Benzo[a]pyrene (112)

*Bis(chloromethyl) ether (113)

Boron trichloride (91)

Boron trifluoride (92)

Bromine (114)

*Tert-butyl hydroperoxide (148)

*Carbon disulfide (116)

Carbon monoxide (92)

*Carbon tetrachloride (118)

*Chlorine (119)

Chlorine trifluoride (94)

*Chloroform (121)

Chloromethane (93)

*Diethyl ether (122)

Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (41)

*Dimehylformamide (123)

*Dimethyl sulfate (125)

*Dioxane (126)

*Ethylene dibromide (128)

*Fluorine (95)

*Formaldehyde (130)

*Hydrazine and salts (132)

Hydrofluoric acid (43)

Hydrogen bromide (98)

Hydrogen chloride (98)

*Hydrogen sulfide (135)

Mercury and compounds (52)

*Methanol (137)

*Morpholine (138)

*Nickel carbonyl (99)

*Nitrobenzene (139)

Nitrogen dioxide (100)

N-nitrosodiethylamine (54)

*Peracetic acid (141)

*Phenol (142)

*Phosgene (143)

*Pyridine (144)

*Sodium azide (145)

*Sodium cyanide (147)

Sulfur dioxide (101)

*Trichloroethylene (149)

*Vinyl chloride (150)

Appendix B to 1910.1450-References (Non-Mandatory)

The following references are provided to assist the employer in

the development of a Chemical Hygiene Plan. The materials listed

below are offered as non-mandatory guidance. References listed

here do no imply specific endorsement of a book, opinion,

technique, policy or a specific solution for a safety or health

problem. Other references not listed here may better meet the

needs of a specific laboratory. (a) Materials for the development

of the Chemical Hygiene Plan:

1. American Chemical Society, Safety in the Academic

Chemistry Laboratories, 4

edition, 1985.

2. Fawcett, H.H. and W.S. Wood, Safety and Accident

Prevention in Chemical Operations, 2n

edition, Wiley-

Interscience, New York, 1982.

3. Flury, Patricia A., Environmental Health and Safety in the

Hospital Laboratory, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, Springfield IL.,

1978.

4. Green, Michael E. and Turk, Amos, Safety in Working with

Chemicals, Macmillan Publishing co., NY, 1978.

5. Kaufman, James a., Laboratory Safety Guidelines, Dow

Chemical Co., Box 1713, Midland MI 48640, 1977.

6. National Institutes of Health, NIH Guidelines for the

Laboratory use of Chemical Carcinogens, NIH Pub. No. 81-2385,

GPO Washington, DC 20402, 1981.

7. National Research Council, Prudent Practices for Disposal of

Chemicals from Laboratories, National Academy Press,

Washington DC, 1983.

8. National Research Council, Prudent Practices for Handling

Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, National Academy Press,

Washington DC, 1981.

9. Renfrew, Malcolm, Ed., Safety in the Chemical Laboratory,

Vol. IV, J. Chem. Ed., American Chemical Society, Easlon, PA,

1981.

10. Steere, Norman V., Ed., Safety in the Chemical Laboratory,

J. Chem. Ed. American Chemical Society, Easlon, PA 18042, Vol,

I, 1967, Vol. II, 1971, Vol. III 1974.

11. Steere, Norman, V., Handbook of Laboratory Safety, the

Chemical Rubber Company Cleveland, OH, 1971.

12. Young, Jay A., Ed., Improving safety in the Chemical

Laboratory, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York, 1987.

(b) Hazardous Substances Information:

1. American conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists,

Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical

Agents in the Workroom Environment with Intended Changes,

P.O. Box 1937 Cincinnati, OH 45201 (latest edition).

2. Annual Report on Carcinogens, National Toxicology

Program U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public

Health Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC

(latest edition).

3. Best Company, Best Safety Directory, Vols. I and II,

Oldwick, N.J., 1981.

4. Bretherick, L., Handbook of reactive Chemical Hazards, 2

editon, Butterworths, London, 1979.

5. Bretherick, L., Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, 3

edition, royal Society of Chemistry, London, 1986.

6. Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR part 1910 subpart Z.

U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washingotn, DC 20402 (latest edition).

7. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the carcinogenic

Risk of Chemicals to Man, World Health Organization

Publications Center, 49 Sheridan Avenue, Albany, New York

12210 (latest editions).

8. NIOSH/OSHA pocket Guide to Chemical hazards, NIOSH

Pub. No. 85-11, U.s. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC, 1985 (or latest edition).

9. Occupational Health Guidelines, NIOSH/OSHA NIOSH Pub.

No. 81-123 U.S. Government Publishing Office, Washington, DC,

1981.

10. Patty, F.F., Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, John Wiley

& Sons, Inc., New York, NY (five Volumes).

11. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,

Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational

Safety and Health, Revised Annually, for sale from Superintendent

of Documents U.S. Govt. Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

12. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and

Drugs, Merck and Company Inc., Rahway, N.J., 1976 (or latest

edition).

13. Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 5

edition, Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY., 1979.

14. Sittig, Marshall, Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous

Chemicals, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1981.

1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

Industrial Ventilation, 16

edition Lansing, MI, 1980.

2. American National Standards Institute, Inc. American

National Standards Fundamentals Governing the Design and

Operation of Local Exhaust Systems ANSI Z 9.2-1979 American

National Standards Institute, N.Y., 1979.

3. Imad, A.P. and Watson, C.L. Ventilation Index: An Easy

Way to Decide about Hazardous Liquids, Professional Safety pp

15-18, April 1980.

4. National Fire Protection Association, Fire Protection for

Laboratories Using Chemicals NFPA-45, 1982.

Safety Standard for Laboratories in Health Related Institutions,

NFPA, 56c, 1980.

Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials, 7

edition, 1978.

National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,

Quincy, MA 02269.

5. Scientific Apparatus Makers Association (SAMA), Standard

for Laboratory Fume Hoods, SAMA LF-71980, 1101 16

Street,

NW., Washington, C 20036.

(d) Information on Availability of Referenced Material:

1. American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 1430

Broadway, New York, NY 10018.

2. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 1916

Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control

number 1218-0131)

[FR Doc, 90-1717 filed 1-30-90; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4510-26-M

Appendix B

COMPRESSED GASES

225

Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.102

(4) Scope. This section applies to all

radiations originating from radio sta-

tions, radar equipment, and other pos-

sible sources of electromagnetic radi-

ation such as used for communication,

radio navigation, and industrial and

scientific purposes. This section does

not apply to the deliberate exposure of

patients by, or under the direction of,

practitioners of the healing arts.

(b) [Reserved]

[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 61

FR 9236, Mar. 7, 1996]

§ 1910.98 Effective dates.

(a) The provisions of this Subpart G

shall become effective on August 27,

1971, except as provided in the remain-

ing paragraphs of this section.

(b) The following provisions shall be-

come effective on February 15, 1972:

§1910.94 (a)(2)(iii), (a)(3), (a)(4), (b), (c)(2),

(c)(3), (c)(4), (c)(5), (c)(6)(i), (c)(6)(ii),

(d)(1)(ii), (d)(3), (d)(4), (d)(5), and (d)(7).

paragraph (a), (b), or (d) of this section,

any provision in any other section of

this subpart which contains in itself a

specific effective date or time limita-

tion shall become effective on such

date or shall apply in accordance with

such limitation.

(d) Notwithstanding anything in

paragraph (a) of this section, if any

standard in 41 CFR part 50–204, other

than a national consensus standard in-

corporated by reference in §50–

204.2(a)(1), is or becomes applicable at

any time to any employment and place

of employment, by virtue of the Walsh-

Healey Public Contracts Act, or the

Service Contract Act of 1965, or the Na-

tional Foundation on Arts and Human-

ities Act of 1965, any corresponding es-

tablished Federal standard in this Sub-

part G which is derived from 41 CFR

part 50–204 shall also become effective,

and shall be applicable to such employ-

ment and place of employment, on the

same date.

Subpart H—Hazardous Materials

UTHORITY

: Sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occu-

pational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29

U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor’s Or-

ders Nos. 12–71 (36 FR 8754), 8–76 (41 FR 25059),

9–83 (48 FR 35736), 1–90 (55 FR 9033), 6–96 (62

FR 111), 3–2000 (65 FR 50017), or 5–2002 (67 FR

65008), as applicable; and 29 CFR part 1911.

Sections 1910.103, 1910.106 through 1910.111,

and 1910.119, 1910.120, and 1910.122 through 126

also issued under 29 CFR part 1911.

Section 1910.119 also issued under section

304, Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (Pub.

L. 101–549), reprinted at 29 U.S.C. 655 Note.

Section 1910.120 also issued under section

126, Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-

ization Act of 1986 as amended (29 U.S.C. 655

Note), and 5 U.S.C. 553.

§ 1910.101 Compressed gases (general

requirements).

(a) Inspection of compressed gas cyl-

inders. Each employer shall determine

that compressed gas cylinders under

his control are in a safe condition to

the extent that this can be determined

by visual inspection. Visual and other

inspections shall be conducted as pre-

scribed in the Hazardous Materials

Regulations of the Department of

Transportation (49 CFR parts 171–179

and 14 CFR part 103). Where those regu-

lations are not applicable, visual and

other inspections shall be conducted in

accordance with Compressed Gas Asso-

ciation Pamphlets C–6–1968 and C–8–

1962, which is incorporated by reference

as specified in §1910.6.

(b) Compressed gases. The in-plant

handling, storage, and utilization of all

compressed gases in cylinders, portable

tanks, rail tankcars, or motor vehicle

cargo tanks shall be in accordance with

Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet

P–1–1965, which is incorporated by ref-

erence as specified in §1910.6.

gas containers. Compressed gas cyl-

inders, portable tanks, and cargo tanks

shall have pressure relief devices in-

stalled and maintained in accordance

with Compressed Gas Association Pam-

phlets S–1.1–1963 and 1965 addenda and

S–1.2–1963, which is incorporated by ref-

erence as specified in §1910.6.

[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 61

FR 9236, Mar. 7, 1996]

§ 1910.102 Acetylene.

(a) Cylinders. The in-plant transfer,

handling, storage, and utilization of

acetylene in cylinders shall be in ac-

cordance with Compressed Gas Associa-

tion Pamphlet G–1–1966, which is incor-

porated by reference as specified in

§1910.6.

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226

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition) § 1910.103

(b) Piped systems. The piped systems

for the inplant transfer and distribu-

tion of acetylene shall be designed, in-

stalled, maintained, and operated in

accordance with Compressed Gas Asso-

ciation Pamphlet G–1.3–1959, which is

incorporated by reference as specified

in §1910.6.

Plants for the generation of acetylene

and the charging (filling) of acetylene

cylinders shall be designed, con-

structed, and tested in accordance with

the standards prescribed in Compressed

Gas Association Pamphlet G–1.4–1966,

which is incorporated by reference as

specified in §1910.6.

[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 61

FR 9236, Mar. 7, 1996]

§ 1910.103 Hydrogen.

(a) General—(1) Definitions. As used in

this section (i) Gaseous hydrogen sys-

tem is one in which the hydrogen is de-

livered, stored and discharged in the

gaseous form to consumer’s piping. The

system includes stationary or movable

containers, pressure regulators, safety

relief devices, manifolds, inter-

connecting piping and controls. The

system terminates at the point where

hydrogen at service pressure first en-

ters the consumer’s distribution pip-

ing.

(ii) Approved—Means, unless other-

wise indicated, listed or approved by a

nationally recognized testing labora-

tory. Refer to §1910.7 for definition of

nationally recognized testing labora-

tory.

(iii) Listed—See ‘‘approved’’.

(iv) ASME—American Society of Me-

chanical Engineers.

(v) DOT Specifications—Regulations

of the Department of Transportation

published in 49 CFR Chapter I.

(vi) DOT regulations—See §1910.103

(a)(1)(v).

(2) Scope—(i) Gaseous hydrogen sys-

tems. (a) Paragraph (b) of this section

applies to the installation of gaseous

hydrogen systems on consumer prem-

ises where the hydrogen supply to the

consumer premises originates outside

the consumer premises and is delivered

by mobile equipment.

(b) Paragraph (b) of this section does

not apply to gaseous hydrogen systems

having a total hydrogen content of less

than 400 cubic feet, nor to hydrogen

manufacturing plants or other estab-

lishments operated by the hydrogen

supplier or his agent for the purpose of

storing hydrogen and refilling portable

containers, trailers, mobile supply

trucks, or tank cars.

(ii) Liquefied hydrogen systems. (a)

Paragraph (c) of this section applies to

the installation of liquefied hydrogen

systems on consumer premises.

(b) Paragraph (c) of this section does

not apply to liquefied hydrogen port-

able containers of less than 150 liters

(39.63 gallons) capacity; nor to liquefied

hydrogen manufacturing plants or

other establishments operated by the

hydrogen supplier or his agent for the

sole purpose of storing liquefied hydro-

gen and refilling portable containers,

trailers, mobile supply trucks, or tank

cars.

(b) Gaseous hydrogen systems—(1) De-

sign—(i) Containers. (a) Hydrogen con-

tainers shall comply with one of the

following:

(1) Designed, constructed, and tested

in accordance with appropriate require-

ments of ASME Boiler and Pressure

Vessel Code, Section VIII—Unfired

Pressure Vessels—1968, which is incor-

porated by reference as specified in

§1910.6.

(2) Designed, constructed, tested and

maintained in accordance with U.S.

Department of Transportation Speci-

fications and Regulations.

(b) Permanently installed containers

shall be provided with substantial non-

combustible supports on firm non-

combustible foundations.

legibly marked with the name ‘‘Hydro-

gen’’ in accordance with ‘‘Marking

Portable Compressed Gas Containers to

Identify the Material Contained’’ ANSI

Z48.1—1954, which is incorporated by

reference as specified in §1910.6. Each

manifolded hydrogen supply unit shall

be legibly marked with the name Hy-

drogen or a legend such as ‘‘This unit

contains hydrogen.’’

(ii) Safety relief devices. (a) Hydrogen

containers shall be equipped with safe-

ty relief devices as required by the

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,

Section VIII Unfired Pressure Vessels,

1968 or the DOT Specifications and

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227

Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.103

Regulations under which the container

is fabricated.

(b) Safety relief devices shall be ar-

ranged to discharge upward and unob-

structed to the open air in such a man-

ner as to prevent any impingement of

escaping gas upon the container, adja-

cent structure or personnel. This re-

quirement does not apply to DOT Spec-

ification containers having an internal

volume of 2 cubic feet or less.

ing shall be designed or located so that

moisture cannot collect and freeze in a

manner which would interfere with

proper operation of the device.

(iii) Piping, tubing, and fittings. (a)

Piping, tubing, and fittings shall be

suitable for hydrogen service and for

the pressures and temperatures in-

volved. Cast iron pipe and fittings shall

not be used.

(b) Piping and tubing shall conform

to Section 2—‘‘Industrial Gas and Air

Piping’’—Code for Pressure Piping,

ANSI B31.1–1967 with addenda B31.1–

1969, which is incorporated by reference

as specified in §1910.6.

be made by welding or brazing or by

use of flanged, threaded, socket, or

compression fittings. Gaskets and

thread sealants shall be suitable for

hydrogen service.

(iv) Equipment assembly. (a) Valves,

gauges, regulators, and other acces-

sories shall be suitable for hydrogen

service.

(b) Installation of hydrogen systems

shall be supervised by personnel famil-

iar with proper practices with ref-

erence to their construction and use.

regulating equipment, and other acces-

sories shall be readily accessible, and

shall be protected against physical

damage and against tampering.

(d) Cabinets or housings containing

hydrogen control or operating equip-

ment shall be adequately ventilated.

(e) Each mobile hydrogen supply unit

used as part of a hydrogen system shall

be adequately secured to prevent move-

ment.

(f) Mobile hydrogen supply units

shall be electrically bonded to the sys-

tem before discharging hydrogen.

(v) Marking. The hydrogen storage lo-

cation shall be permanently placarded

as follows: ‘‘HYDROGEN—FLAM-

MABLE GAS—NO SMOKING—NO

OPEN FLAMES,’’ or equivalent.

(vi) Testing. After installations, all

piping, tubing, and fittings shall be

tested and proved hydrogen gas tight

at maximum operating pressure.

(2) Location—(i) General. (a) The sys-

tem shall be located so that it is read-

ily accessible to delivery equipment

and to authorized personnel.

(b) Systems shall be located above

ground.

neath electric power lines.

(d) Systems shall not be located close

to flammable liquid piping or piping of

other flammable gases.

(e) Systems near aboveground flam-

mable liquid storage shall be located

on ground higher than the flammable

liquid storage except when dikes, di-

version curbs, grading, or separating

solid walls are used to prevent accumu-

lation of flammable liquids under the

system.

(ii) Specific requirements. (a) The loca-

tion of a system, as determined by the

maximum total contained volume of

hydrogen, shall be in the order of pref-

erence as indicated by Roman numer-

als in Table H–1.

ABLE

H–1

Nature of location

Size of hydrogen system

Less than

3,000 CF

to 15,000

In excess

of 15,000

Outdoors .................... I ............... IDI..

In a separate building II .............. II .............. II.

In a special room ...... III ............. III ............. Not per-

mitted.

Inside buildings not in

a special room and

exposed to other

occupancies.

IV ............. Not per-

mitted.

Not per-

mitted.

(b) The minimum distance in feet

from a hydrogen system of indicated

capacity located outdoors, in separate

buildings or in special rooms to any

specified outdoor exposure shall be in

accordance with Table H–2.

1 and 3 to 10 inclusive do not apply

where protective structures such as

adequate fire walls are located between

the system and the exposure.

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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition) § 1910.103

ABLE

H–2

Type of outdoor exposure Size of hydrogen system

Less than

3,000 CF

to 15,000

In excess

of 15,000

1. Building or structure ............................... Wood frame construction

........................ 10 25 50

Heavy timber, noncombustible or ordinary

construction

0 10

Fire-resistive construction

........................ 0 0 0

2. Wall openings ......................................... Not above any part of a system ................ 10 10 10

Above any part of a system ...................... 25 25 25

3. Flammable liquids above ground. .......... 0 to 1,000 gallons ......................................

In excess of 1,000 gallons .........................

4. Flammable liquids below ground—0 to

1,000 gallons.

Tank ...........................................................

Vent or fill opening of tank ........................

5. Flammable liquids below ground—in ex-

cess of 1,000 gallons..

Tank ...........................................................

Vent or fill opening of tank ........................

6. Flammable gas storage, either high

pressure or low pressure..

0 to 15,000 CF capacity ............................

In excess of 15,000 CF capacity ...............

7. Oxygen storage ...................................... 12,000 CF or less

.................................... .................. .................. ..................

More than 12,000 CF

.............................. .................. .................. ..................

8. Fast burning solids such as ordinary lumber, excelsior or paper .................................. 50 50 50

9. Slow burning solids such as heavy timber or coal ......................................................... 25 25 25

10. Open flames and other sources of ignition ................................................................... 25 25 25

11. Air compressor intakes or inlets to ventilating or air-conditioning equipment .............. 50 50 50

12. Concentration of people

.............................................................................................. 25 50 50

Refer to NFPA No. 220 Standard Types of Building Construction for definitions of various types of construction. (1969 Ed.)

But not less than one-half the height of adjacent side wall of the structure.

In congested areas such as offices, lunchrooms, locker rooms, time-clock areas.

Refer to NFPA No. 51, gas systems for welding and cutting (1969).

Refer to NFPA No. 566, bulk oxygen systems at consumer sites (1969).

(d) Hydrogen systems of less than

3,000 CF when located inside buildings

and exposed to other occupancies shall

be situated in the building so that the

system will be as follows:

(1) In an adequately ventilated area

as in paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(b) of this sec-

tion.

(2) Twenty feet from stored flam-

mable materials or oxidizing gases.

(3) Twenty-five feet from open

flames, ordinary electrical equipment

or other sources of ignition.

(4) Twenty-five feet from concentra-

tions of people.

(5) Fifty feet from intakes of ventila-

tion or air-conditioning equipment and

air compressors.

(6) Fifty feet from other flammable

gas storage.

(7) Protected against damage or in-

jury due to falling objects or working

activity in the area.

(8) More than one system of 3,000 CF

or less may be installed in the same

room, provided the systems are sepa-

rated by at least 50 feet. Each such sys-

tem shall meet all of the requirements

of this paragraph.

(3) Design consideration at specific loca-

tions—(i) Outdoor locations. (a) Where

protective walls or roofs are provided,

they shall be constructed of non-

combustible materials.

(b) Where the enclosing sides adjoin

each other, the area shall be properly

ventilated.

feet shall be in accordance with sub-

part S of this part.

(ii) Separate buildings. (a) Separate

buildings shall be built of at least non-

combustible construction. Windows

and doors shall be located so as to be

readily accessible in case of emer-

gency. Windows shall be of glass or

plastic in metal frames.

(b) Adequate ventilation to the out-

doors shall be provided. Inlet openings

shall be located near the floor in exte-

rior walls only. Outlet openings shall

be located at the high point of the

room in exterior walls or roof. Inlet

and outlet openings shall each have

minimum total area of one (1) square

foot per 1,000 cubic feet of room vol-

ume. Discharge from outlet openings

shall be directed or conducted to a safe

location.

vided in exterior walls or roof only.

The venting area shall be equal to not

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.103

less than 1 square foot per 30 cubic feet

of room volume and may consist of any

one or any combination of the fol-

lowing: Walls of light, noncombustible

material, preferably single thickness,

single strength glass; lightly fastened

hatch covers; lightly fastened swinging

doors in exterior walls opening out-

ward; lightly fastened walls or roof de-

signed to relieve at a maximum pres-

sure of 25 pounds per square foot.

(d) There shall be no sources of igni-

tion from open flames, electrical equip-

ment, or heating equipment.

(e) Electrical equipment shall be in

accordance with subpart S of this part

for Class I, Division 2 locations.

(f) Heating, if provided, shall be by

steam, hot water, or other indirect

means.

(iii) Special rooms. (a) Floor, walls,

and ceiling shall have a fire-resistance

rating of at least 2 hours. Walls or par-

titions shall be continuous from floor

to ceiling and shall be securely an-

chored. At least one wall shall be an

exterior wall. Openings to other parts

of the building shall not be permitted.

Windows and doors shall be in exterior

walls and shall be located so as to be

readily accessible in case of emer-

gency. Windows shall be of glass or

plastic in metal frames.

(b) Ventilation shall be as provided in

paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(b) of this section.

vided in paragraph (b)(3)(ii)(c) of this

section.

(d) There shall be no sources of igni-

tion from open flames, electrical equip-

ment, or heating equipment.

(e) Electric equipment shall be in ac-

cordance with the requirements of sub-

part S of this part for Class I, Division

2 locations.

(f) Heating, if provided, shall be by

steam, hot water, or indirect means.

(4) Operating instructions. For instal-

lations which require any operation of

equipment by the user, legible instruc-

tions shall be maintained at operating

locations.

(5) Maintenance. The equipment and

functioning of each charged gaseous

hydrogen system shall be maintained

in a safe operating condition in accord-

ance with the requirements of this sec-

tion. The area within 15 feet of any hy-

drogen container shall be kept free of

dry vegetation and combustible mate-

rial.

sign—(i) Containers. (a) Hydrogen con-

tainers shall comply with the fol-

lowing: Storage containers shall be de-

signed, constructed, and tested in ac-

cordance with appropriate require-

ments of the ASME Boiler and Pres-

sure Vessel Code, Section VIII—Unfired

Pressure Vessels (1968) or applicable

provisions of API Standard 620, Rec-

ommended Rules for Design and Con-

struction of Large, Welded, Low-Pres-

sure Storage Tanks, Second Edition

(June 1963) and appendix R (April 1965),

which is incorporated by reference as

specified in §1910.6.

(b) Portable containers shall be de-

signed, constructed and tested in ac-

cordance with DOT Specifications and

Regulations.

(ii) Supports. Permanently installed

containers shall be provided with sub-

stantial noncombustible supports se-

curely anchored on firm noncombus-

tible foundations. Steel supports in ex-

cess of 18 inches in height shall be pro-

tected with a protective coating having

a 2-hour fire-resistance rating.

(iii) Marking. Each container shall be

legibly marked to indicate ‘‘LIQUE-

FIED HYDROGEN—FLAMMABLE

GAS.’’

(iv) Safety relief devices. (a)(1) Sta-

tionary liquefied hydrogen containers

shall be equipped with safety relief de-

vices sized in accordance with CGA

Pamphlet S–1, Part 3, Safety Relief De-

vice Standards for Compressed Gas

Storage Containers, which is incor-

porated by reference as specified in

§1910.6.

(2) Portable liquefied hydrogen con-

tainers complying with the U.S. De-

partment of Transportation Regula-

tions shall be equipped with safety re-

lief devices as required in the U.S. De-

partment of Transportation Specifica-

tions and Regulations. Safety relief de-

vices shall be sized in accordance with

the requirements of CGA Pamphlet S–

1, Safety Relief Device Standards, Part

1, Compressed Gas Cylinders and Part

2, Cargo and Portable Tank Containers.

(b) Safety relief devices shall be ar-

ranged to discharge unobstructed to

the outdoors and in such a manner as

to prevent impingement of escaping

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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition) § 1910.103

liquid or gas upon the container, adja-

cent structures or personnel. See para-

graph (c)(2)(i)(f) of this section for

venting of safety relief devices in spe-

cial locations.

ing shall be designed or located so that

moisture cannot collect and freeze in a

manner which would interfere with

proper operation of the device.

(d) Safety relief devices shall be pro-

vided in piping wherever liquefied hy-

drogen could be trapped between clo-

sures.

(v) Piping, tubing, and fittings. (a) Pip-

ing, tubing, and fittings and gasket and

thread sealants shall be suitable for

hydrogen service at the pressures and

temperatures involved. Consideration

shall be given to the thermal expansion

and contraction of piping systems

when exposed to temperature fluctua-

tions of ambient to liquefied hydrogen

temperatures.

(b) Gaseous hydrogen piping and tub-

ing (above ¥20 °F.) shall conform to

the applicable sections of Pressure Pip-

ing Section 2—Industrial Gas and Air

Piping, ANSI B31.1–1967 with addenda

B31.1–1969. Design of liquefied hydrogen

or cold (¥20 °F. or below) gas piping

shall use Petroleum Refinery Piping

ANSI B31.3–1966 or Refrigeration Pip-

ing ANSI B31.5–1966 with addenda

B31.5a–1968 as a guide, which are incor-

porated by reference as specified in

§1910.6.

preferably be made by welding or braz-

ing; flanged, threaded, socket, or suit-

able compression fittings may be used.

(d) Means shall be provided to mini-

mize exposure of personnel to piping

operating at low temperatures and to

prevent air condensate from contacting

piping, structural members, and sur-

faces not suitable for cryogenic tem-

peratures. Only those insulating mate-

rials which are rated nonburning in ac-

cordance with ASTM Procedures D1692–

68, which is incorporated by reference

as specified in §1910.6, may be used.

Other protective means may be used to

protect personnel. The insulation shall

be designed to have a vapor-tight seal

in the outer covering to prevent the

condensation of air and subsequent ox-

ygen enrichment within the insulation.

The insulation material and outside

shield shall also be of adequate design

to prevent attrition of the insulation

due to normal operating conditions.

(e) Uninsulated piping and equipment

which operate at liquefied-hydrogen

temperature shall not be installed

above asphalt surfaces or other com-

bustible materials in order to prevent

contact of liquid air with such mate-

rials. Drip pans may be installed under

uninsulated piping and equipment to

retain and vaporize condensed liquid

air.

(vi) Equipment assembly. (a) Valves,

gauges, regulators, and other acces-

sories shall be suitable for liquefied hy-

drogen service and for the pressures

and temperatures involved.

(b) Installation of liquefied hydrogen

systems shall be supervised by per-

sonnel familiar with proper practices

and with reference to their construc-

tion and use.

regulating equipment, and other acces-

sories shall be readily accessible and

shall be protected against physical

damage and against tampering. A shut-

off valve shall be located in liquid

product withdrawal lines as close to

the container as practical. On con-

tainers of over 2,000 gallons capacity,

this shutoff valve shall be of the re-

mote control type with no connections,

flanges, or other appurtenances (other

than a welded manual shutoff valve) al-

lowed in the piping between the shutoff

valve and its connection to the inner

container.

(d) Cabinets or housings containing

hydrogen control equipment shall be

ventilated to prevent any accumula-

tion of hydrogen gas.

(vii) Testing. (a) After installation,

all field-erected piping shall be tested

and proved hydrogen gas-tight at oper-

ating pressure and temperature.

(b) Containers if out of service in ex-

cess of 1 year shall be inspected and

tested as outlined in (a) of this subdivi-

sion. The safety relief devices shall be

checked to determine if they are oper-

able and properly set.

(viii) Liquefied hydrogen vaporizers. (a)

The vaporizer shall be anchored and its

connecting piping shall be sufficiently

flexible to provide for the effect of ex-

pansion and contraction due to tem-

perature changes.

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.103

(b) The vaporizer and its piping shall

be adequately protected on the hydro-

gen and heating media sections with

safety relief devices.

vaporizer shall be indirectly supplied

utilizing media such as air, steam,

water, or water solutions.

(d) A low temperature shutoff switch

shall be provided in the vaporizer dis-

charge piping to prevent flow of lique-

fied hydrogen in the event of the loss of

the heat source.

(ix) Electrical systems. (a) Electrical

wiring and equipment located within 3

feet of a point where connections are

regularly made and disconnected, shall

be in accordance with subpart S of this

part, for Class I, Group B, Division 1 lo-

cations.

(b) Except as provided in (a) of this

subdivision, electrical wiring, and

equipment located within 25 feet of a

point where connections are regularly

made and disconnected or within 25

feet of a liquid hydrogen storage con-

tainer, shall be in accordance with sub-

part S of this part, for Class I, Group B,

Division 2 locations. When equipment

approved for class I, group B

atmospheres is not commercially avail-

able, the equipment may be—

(1) Purged or ventilated in accord-

ance with NFPA No. 496–1967, Standard

for Purged Enclosures for Electrical

Equipment in Hazardous Locations,

(2) Intrinsically safe, or

(3) Approved for Class I, Group C

atmospheres. This requirement does

not apply to electrical equipment

which is installed on mobile supply

trucks or tank cars from which the

storage container is filled.

(x) Bonding and grounding. The lique-

fied hydrogen container and associated

piping shall be electrically bonded and

grounded.

(2) Location of liquefied hydrogen stor-

age—(i) General requirements. (a) The

storage containers shall be located so

that they are readily accessible to mo-

bile supply equipment at ground level

and to authorized personnel.

(b) The containers shall not be ex-

posed by electric power lines, flam-

mable liquid lines, flammable gas lines,

or lines carrying oxidizing materials.

storage containers near above-ground

flammable liquid storage or liquid oxy-

gen storage, it is advisable to locate

the liquefied hydrogen container on

ground higher than flammable liquid

storage or liquid oxygen storage.

(d) Where it is necessary to locate

the liquefied hydrogen container on

ground that is level with or lower than

adjacent flammable liquid storage or

liquid oxygen storage, suitable protec-

tive means shall be taken (such as by

diking, diversion curbs, grading), with

respect to the adjacent flammable liq-

uid storage or liquid oxygen storage, to

prevent accumulation of liquids within

50 feet of the liquefied hydrogen con-

tainer.

(e) Storage sites shall be fenced and

posted to prevent entrance by unau-

thorized personnel. Sites shall also be

placarded as follows: ‘‘Liquefied Hydro-

gen—Flammable Gas—No Smoking—

No Open Flames.’’

(f) If liquified hydrogen is located in

(as specified in Table H–3) a separate

building, in a special room, or inside

buildings when not in a special room

and exposed to other occupancies, con-

tainers shall have the safety relief de-

vices vented unobstructed to the out-

doors at a minimum elevation of 25 feet

above grade to a safe location as re-

quired in paragraph (c)(1)(iv)(b) of this

section.

(ii) Specific requirements. (a) The loca-

tion of liquefied hydrogen storage, as

determined by the maximum total

quantity of liquified hydrogen, shall be

in the order of preference as indicated

by Roman numerals in the following

Table H–3.

ABLE

H–3—M

AXIMUM

OTAL

UANTITY OF

IQUEFIED

YDROGEN

TORAGE

ERMITTED

Nature of location

Size of hydrogen storage (capacity in gallons)

39.63 (150 liters)

to 50

51 to 300 301 to 600 In excess of 600

Outdoors ................................................................. I ......................... I ......................... I ......................... I.

In a separate building ............................................. II ........................ II ........................ II ........................ Not permitted.

In a special room .................................................... III ....................... III ....................... Not permitted .... Do.

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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition) § 1910.103

ABLE

H–3—M

AXIMUM

OTAL

UANTITY OF

IQUEFIED

YDROGEN

TORAGE

ERMITTED

—

Continued

Nature of location

Size of hydrogen storage (capacity in gallons)

39.63 (150 liters)

to 50

51 to 300 301 to 600 In excess of 600

Inside buildings not in a special room and ex-

posed to other occupancies.

IV ....................... Not permitted .... ......do ................ Do.

OTE

: This table does not apply to the storage in dewars of the type generally used in laboratories for experimental purposes.

(b) The minimum distance in feet

from liquefied hydrogen systems of in-

dicated storage capacity located out-

doors, in a separate building, or in a

special room to any specified exposure

shall be in accordance with Table H–4.

ABLE

H–4—M

INIMUM

ISTANCE

EET

) F

ROM

IQUEFIED

YDROGEN

YSTEMS TO

XPO

SURE

1,2

Type of exposure

Liquefied hydrogen storage

(capacity in gallons)

39.63

(150 li-

ters) to

3,500

3,501 to

15,000

15,001

30,000

1. Fire-resistive building and

fire walls

......................... 5 5 5

2. Noncombustible building

25 50 75

3. Other buildings

.............. 50 75 100

4. Wall openings, air-com-

pressor intakes, inlets for

air-conditioning or ven-

tilating equipment ............. 75 75 75

5. Flammable liquids (above

ground and vent or fill

openings if below ground)

(see 513 and 514) ........... 50 75 100

6. Between stationary lique-

fied hydrogen containers 5 5 5

7. Flammable gas storage .. 50 75 100

8. Liquid oxygen storage

and other oxidizers (see

513 and 514) ................... 100 100 100

9. Combustible solids .......... 50 75 100

10. Open flames, smoking

and welding ...................... 50 50 50

11. Concentrations of peo-

ple .................................... 75 75 75

The distance in Nos. 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 12 in Table H–4

may be reduced where protective structures, such as firewalls

equal to height of top of the container, to safeguard the lique-

fied hydrogen storage system, are located between the lique-

fied hydrogen storage installation and the exposure.

Where protective structures are provided, ventilation and

confinement of product should be considered. The 5-foot dis-

tance in Nos. 1 and 6 facilitates maintenance and enhances

ventilation.

Refer to Standard Types of Building Construction, NFPA

No. 220–1969 for definitions of various types of construction.

In congested areas such as offices, lunchrooms, locker

rooms, time-clock areas.

(iii) Handling of liquefied hydrogen in-

side buildings other than separate build-

ings and special rooms. Portable lique-

fied hydrogen containers of 50 gallons

or less capacity as permitted in Table

H–3 and in compliance with subdivision

(i)(f) of this subparagraph when housed

inside buildings not located in a special

room and exposed to other occupancies

shall comply with the following min-

imum requirements:

(a) Be located 20 feet from flammable

liquids and readily combustible mate-

rials such as excelsior or paper.

(b) Be located 25 feet from ordinary

electrical equipment and other sources

of ignition including process or analyt-

ical equipment.

tions of people.

(d) Be located 50 feet from intakes of

ventilation and air-conditioning equip-

ment or intakes of compressors.

(e) Be located 50 feet from storage of

other flammable-gases or storage of

oxidizing gases.

(f) Containers shall be protected

against damage or injury due to falling

objects or work activity in the area.

(g) Containers shall be firmly secured

and stored in an upright position.

(h) Welding or cutting operations,

and smoking shall be prohibited while

hydrogen is in the room.

(i) The area shall be adequately ven-

tilated. Safety relief devices on the

containers shall be vented directly out-

doors or to a suitable hood. See para-

graphs (c)(1)(iv)(b) and (c)(2)(i)(f) of

this section.

(3) Design considerations at specific lo-

cations—(i) Outdoor locations. (a) Out-

door location shall mean outside of any

building or structure, and includes lo-

cations under a weather shelter or can-

opy provided such locations are not en-

closed by more than two walls set at

right angles and are provided with

vent-space between the walls and vent-

ed roof or canopy.

(b) Roadways and yard surfaces lo-

cated below liquefied hydrogen piping,

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Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.103

from which liquid air may drip, shall

be constructed of noncombustible ma-

terials.

they shall be constructed of non-

combustible materials and in accord-

ance with the provisions of paragraph

(c)(3)(i)(a) of this section.

(d) Electrical wiring and equipment

shall comply with paragraph (c)(1)(ix)

(a) and (b) of this section.

(e) Adequate lighting shall be pro-

vided for nighttime transfer operation.

(ii) Separate buildings. (a) Separate

buildings shall be of light noncombus-

tible construction on a substantial

frame. Walls and roofs shall be lightly

fastened and designed to relieve at a

maximum internal pressure of 25

pounds per square foot. Windows shall

be of shatterproof glass or plastic in

metal frames. Doors shall be located in

such a manner that they will be readily

accessible to personnel in an emer-

gency.

(b) Adequate ventilation to the out-

doors shall be provided. Inlet openings

shall be located near the floor level in

exterior walls only. Outlet openings

shall be located at the high point of the

room in exterior walls or roof. Both the

inlet and outlet vent openings shall

have a minimum total area of 1 square

foot per 1,000 cubic feet of room vol-

ume. Discharge from outlet openings

shall be directed or conducted to a safe

location.

tion.

(d) Electrical wiring and equipment

shall comply with paragraphs (c)(1)(ix)

(a) and (b) of this section except that

the provisions of paragraph (c)(1)(ix)(b)

of this section shall apply to all elec-

trical wiring and equipment in the sep-

arate building.

(e) Heating, if provided, shall be by

steam, hot water, or other indirect

means.

(iii) Special rooms. (a) Floors, walls,

and ceilings shall have a fire resistance

rating of at least 2 hours. Walls or par-

titions shall be continuous from floor

to ceiling and shall be securely an-

chored. At least one wall shall be an

exterior wall. Openings to other parts

of the building shall not be permitted.

Windows and doors shall be in exterior

walls and doors shall be located in such

a manner that they will be accessible

in an emergency. Windows shall be of

shatterproof glass or plastic in metal

frames.

(b) Ventilation shall be as provided in

paragraph (c)(3)(ii)(b) of this section.

vided in exterior walls or roof only.

The venting area shall be equal to not

less than 1 square foot per 30 cubic feet

of room volume and may consist of any

one or any combination of the fol-

lowing: Walls of light noncombustible

material; lightly fastened hatch covers;

lightly fastened swinging doors open-

ing outward in exterior walls; lightly

fastened walls or roofs designed to re-

lieve at a maximum pressure of 25

pounds per square foot.

(d) There shall be no sources of igni-

tion.

(e) Electrical wiring and equipment

shall comply with paragraph (c)(1)(ix)

(a) and (b) of this section except that

the provision of paragraph (c)(1)(ix)(b)

of this section shall apply to all elec-

trical wiring and equipment in the spe-

cial room.

(f) Heating, if provided, shall be

steam, hot water, or by other indirect

means.

(4) Operating instructions—(i) Written

instructions. For installation which re-

quire any operation of equipment by

the user, legible instructions shall be

maintained at operating locations.

(ii) Attendant. A qualified person

shall be in attendance at all times

while the mobile hydrogen supply unit

is being unloaded.

(iii) Security.

Each mobile liquefied

hydrogen supply unit used as part of a

hydrogen system shall be adequately

secured to prevent movement.

(iv) Grounding. The mobile liquefied

hydrogen supply unit shall be grounded

for static electricity.

(5) Maintenance. The equipment and

functioning of each charged liquefied

hydrogen system shall be maintained

in a safe operating condition in accord-

ance with the requirements of this sec-

tion. Weeds or similar combustibles

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29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition) § 1910.104

shall not be permitted within 25 feet of

any liquefied hydrogen equipment.

[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43

FR 49746, Oct. 24, 1978; 53 FR 12121, Apr. 12,

1988; 55 FR 32015, Aug. 6, 1990; 58 FR 35309,

June 30, 1993; 61 FR 9236, 9237, Mar. 7, 1996; 69

FR 31881, June 8, 2004]

§ 1910.104 Oxygen.

(a) Scope. This section applies to the

installation of bulk oxygen systems on

industrial and institutional consumer

premises. This section does not apply

to oxygen manufacturing plants or

other establishments operated by the

oxygen supplier or his agent for the

purpose of storing oxygen and refilling

portable containers, trailers, mobile

supply trucks, or tank cars, nor to sys-

tems having capacities less than those

stated in paragraph (b)(1) of this sec-

tion.

(b) Bulk oxygen systems—(1) Definition.

As used in this section: A bulk oxygen

system is an assembly of equipment,

such as oxygen storage containers,

pressure regulators, safety devices, va-

porizers, manifolds, and inter-

connecting piping, which has storage

capacity of more than 13,000 cubic feet

of oxygen, Normal Temperature and

Pressure (NTP), connected in service or

ready for service, or more than 25,000

cubic feet of oxygen (NTP) including

unconnected reserves on hand at the

site. The bulk oxygen system termi-

nates at the point where oxygen at

service pressure first enters the supply

line. The oxygen containers may be

stationary or movable, and the oxygen

may be stored as gas or liquid.

(2) Location—(i) General. Bulk oxygen

storage systems shall be located above

ground out of doors, or shall be in-

stalled in a building of noncombustible

construction, adequately vented, and

used for that purpose exclusively. The

location selected shall be such that

containers and associated equipment

shall not be exposed by electric power

lines, flammable or combustible liquid

lines, or flammable gas lines.

(ii) Accessibility. The system shall be

located so that it is readily accessible

to mobile supply equipment at ground

level and to authorized personnel.

(iii) Leakage. Where oxygen is stored

as a liquid, noncombustible surfacing

shall be provided in an area in which

any leakage of liquid oxygen might fall

during operation of the system and fill-

ing of a storage container. For pur-

poses of this paragraph, asphaltic or bi-

tuminous paving is considered to be

combustible.

(iv) Elevation. When locating bulk ox-

ygen systems near above-ground flam-

mable or combustible liquid storage

which may be either indoors or out-

doors, it is advisable to locate the sys-

tem on ground higher than the flam-

mable or combustible liquid storage.

(v) Dikes. Where it is necessary to lo-

cate a bulk oxygen system on ground

lower than adjacent flammable or com-

bustible liquid storage suitable means

shall be taken (such as by diking, di-

version curbs, or grading) with respect

to the adjacent flammable or combus-

tible liquid storage to prevent accumu-

lation of liquids under the bulk oxygen

system.

(3) Distance between systems and expo-

sures—(i) General. The minimum dis-

tance from any bulk oxygen storage

container to exposures, measured in

the most direct line except as indicated

in paragraphs (b)(3) (vi) and (viii) of

this section, shall be as indicated in

paragraphs (b)(3) (ii) to (xviii) of this

section inclusive.

(ii) Combustible structures. Fifty feet

from any combustible structures.

(iii) Fire resistive structures. Twenty-

five feet from any structures with fire-

resistive exterior walls or sprinklered

buildings of other construction, but

not less than one-half the height of ad-

jacent side wall of the structure.

(iv) Openings. At least 10 feet from

any opening in adjacent walls of fire

resistive structures. Spacing from such

structures shall be adequate to permit

maintenance, but shall not be less than

1 foot.

(v) Flammable liquid storage above-

ground.

Distance (feet) Capacity (gallons)

50 .................................................. 0 to 1000.

90 .................................................. 1001 or more.

(vi) Flammable liquid storage below-

ground.

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235

Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.104

Distance measured

horizontally from oxy-

gen storage container

to flammable liquid

tank (feet)

Distance from oxygen

storage container to

filling and vent con-

nections or openings

to flammable liquid

tank (feet)

Capacity gal-

lons

15 .............................. 50 .............................. 0 to 1000.

30 .............................. 50 .............................. 1001 or

more.

(vii) Combustible liquid storage above-

ground.

Distance (feet) Capacity (gallons)

25 .................................................. 0 to 1000.

50 .................................................. 1001 or more.

(viii) Combustible liquid storage below-

ground.

Distance measured hori-

zontally from oxygen storage

container to combustible liq-

uid tank (feet)

Distance from oxygen stor-

age container to filling and

vent connections or openings

to combustible liquid tank

(feet)

15 ........................................... 40.

(ix) Flammable gas storage. (Such as

compressed flammable gases, liquefied

flammable gases and flammable gases

in low pressure gas holders):

Distance (feet) Capacity (cu. ft. NTP)

50 .................................................. Less than 5000.

90 .................................................. 5000 or more.

(x) Highly combustible materials. Fifty

feet from solid materials which burn

rapidly, such as excelsior or paper.

(xi) Slow-burning materials. Twenty-

five feet from solid materials which

burn slowly, such as coal and heavy

timber.

(xii) Ventilation. Seventy-five feet in

one direction and 35 feet in approxi-

mately 90° direction from confining

walls (not including firewalls less than

20 feet high) to provide adequate ven-

tilation in courtyards and similar con-

fining areas.

(xiii) Congested areas. Twenty-five

feet from congested areas such as of-

fices, lunchrooms, locker rooms, time

clock areas, and similar locations

where people may congregate.

(xiv)–(xvii) [Reserved]

(xviii) Exceptions. The distances in

paragraphs (b)(3) (ii), (iii), (v) to (xi) in-

clusive, of this section do not apply

where protective structures such as

firewalls of adequate height to safe-

guard the oxygen storage systems are

located between the bulk oxygen stor-

age installation and the exposure. In

such cases, the bulk oxygen storage in-

stallation may be a minimum distance

of 1 foot from the firewall.

(4) Storage containers—(i) Foundations

and supports. Permanently installed

containers shall be provided with sub-

stantial noncombustible supports on

firm noncombustible foundations.

(ii) Construction—liquid. Liquid oxy-

gen storage containers shall be fab-

ricated from materials meeting the im-

pact test requirements of paragraph

UG–84 of ASME Boiler and Pressure

Vessel Code, Section VIII—Unfired

Pressure Vessels—1968, which is incor-

porated by reference as specified in

§1910.6. Containers operating at pres-

sures above 15 pounds per square inch

gage (p.s.i.g.) shall be designed, con-

structed, and tested in accordance with

appropriate requirements of ASME

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec-

tion VII—Unfired Pressure Vessels—

1968. Insulation surrounding the liquid

oxygen container shall be noncombus-

tible.

(iii) Construction—gaseous. High- pres-

sure gaseous oxygen containers shall

comply with one of the following:

(a) Designed, constructed, and tested

in accordance with appropriate require-

ments of ASME Boiler and Pressure

Vessel Code, Section VIII—Unfired

Pressure Vessels—1968.

(b) Designed, constructed, tested, and

maintained in accordance with DOT

Specifications and Regulations.

(5) Piping, tubing, and fittings—(i) Se-

lection. Piping, tubing, and fittings

shall be suitable for oxygen service and

for the pressures and temperatures in-

volved.

(ii) Specification. Piping and tubing

shall conform to Section 2—Gas and

Air Piping Systems of Code for Pres-

sure Piping, ANSI, B31.1–1967 with ad-

denda B31.10a–1969, which is incor-

porated by reference as specified in

§1910.6.

(iii) Fabrication. Piping or tubing for

operating temperatures below ¥20 °F.

shall be fabricated from materials

meeting the impact test requirements

of paragraph UG–84 of ASME Boiler

and Pressure Vessel Code, Section

VIII—Unfired Pressure Vessels—1968,

when tested at the minimum operating

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236

29 CFR Ch. XVII (7–1–07 Edition) § 1910.104

temperature to which the piping may

be subjected in service.

(6) Safety relief devices—(i) General.

Bulk oxygen storage containers, re-

gardless of design pressure shall be

equipped with safety relief devices as

required by the ASME code or the DOT

specifications and regulations.

(ii) DOT containers. Bulk oxygen stor-

age containers designed and con-

structed in accordance with DOT speci-

fication shall be equipped with safety

relief devices as required thereby.

(iii) ASME containers. Bulk oxygen

storage containers designed and con-

structed in accordance with the ASME

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec-

tion VIII—Unfired Pressure Vessel—

1968 shall be equipped with safety relief

devices meeting the provisions of the

Compressed Gas Association Pamphlet

‘‘Safety Relief Device Standards for

Compressed Gas Storage Containers,’’

S–1, Part 3, which is incorporated by

reference as specified in §1910.6.

(iv) Insulation. Insulation casings on

liquid oxygen containers shall be

equipped with suitable safety relief de-

vices.

(v) Reliability. All safety relief de-

vices shall be so designed or located

that moisture cannot collect and freeze

in a manner which would interfere with

proper operation of the device.

(7) Liquid oxygen vaporizers—(i)

Mounts and couplings. The vaporizer

shall be anchored and its connecting

piping be sufficiently flexible to pro-

vide for the effect of expansion and

contraction due to temperature

changes.

(ii) Relief devices. The vaporizer and

its piping shall be adequately protected

on the oxygen and heating medium sec-

tions with safety relief devices.

(iii) Heating. Heat used in an oxygen

vaporizer shall be indirectly supplied

only through media such as steam, air,

water, or water solutions which do not

react with oxygen.

(iv) Grounding. If electric heaters are

used to provide the primary source of

heat, the vaporizing system shall be

electrically grounded.

(8) Equipment assembly and installa-

tion—(i) Cleaning. Equipment making

up a bulk oxygen system shall be

cleaned in order to remove oil, grease

or other readily oxidizable materials

before placing the system in service.

(ii) Joints. Joints in piping and tubing

may be made by welding or by use of

flanged, threaded, slip, or compression

fittings. Gaskets or thread sealants

shall be suitable for oxygen service.

(iii) Accessories. Valves, gages, regu-

lators, and other accessories shall be

suitable for oxygen service.

(iv) Installation. Installation of bulk

oxygen systems shall be supervised by

personnel familiar with proper prac-

tices with reference to their construc-

tion and use.

(v) Testing. After installation all field

erected piping shall be tested and

proved gas tight at maximum oper-

ating pressure. Any medium used for

testing shall be oil free and nonflam-

mable.

(vi) Security. Storage containers, pip-

ing, valves, regulating equipment, and

other accessories shall be protected

against physical damage and against

tampering.

(vii) Venting. Any enclosure con-

taining oxygen control or operating

equipment shall be adequately vented.

(viii) Placarding. The bulk oxygen

storage location shall be permanently

placarded to indicate: ‘‘OXYGEN—NO

SMOKING—NO OPEN FLAMES’’, or an

equivalent warning.

(ix) Electrical wiring. Bulk oxygen in-

stallations are not hazardous locations

as defined and covered in subpart S of

this part. Therefore, general purpose or

weatherproof types of electrical wiring

and equipment are acceptable depend-

ing upon whether the installation is in-

doors or outdoors. Such equipment

shall be installed in accordance with

the applicable provisions of subpart S

of this part.

(9) Operating instructions. For instal-

lations which require any operation of

equipment by the user, legible instruc-

tions shall be maintained at operating

locations.

(10) Maintenance. The equipment and

functioning of each charged bulk oxy-

gen system shall be maintained in a

safe operating condition in accordance

with the requirements of this section.

Wood and long dry grass shall be cut

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237

Occupational Safety and Health Admin., Labor § 1910.106

back within 15 feet of any bulk oxygen

storage container.

[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 43

FR 49746, Oct. 24, 1978; 61 FR 9237, Mar. 7,

1996]

§ 1910.105 Nitrous oxide.

The piped systems for the in-plant

transfer and distribution of nitrous

oxide shall be designed, installed,

maintained, and operated in accord-

ance with Compressed Gas Association

Pamphlet G–8.1–1964, which is incor-

porated by reference as specified in

§1910.6.

[39 FR 23502, June 27, 1974, as amended at 61

FR 9237, Mar. 7, 1996]

§ 1910.106 Flammable and combustible

liquids.

(a) Definitions. As used in this sec-

tion:

(1) Aerosol shall mean a material

which is dispensed from its container

as a mist, spray, or foam by a propel-

lant under pressure.

(2) Atmospheric tank shall mean a

storage tank which has been designed

to operate at pressures from atmos-

pheric through 0.5 p.s.i.g.

(3) Automotive service station shall

mean that portion of property where

flammable or combustible liquids used

as motor fuels are stored and dispensed

from fixed equipment into the fuel

tanks of motor vehicles and shall in-

clude any facilities available for the

sale and service of tires, batteries, and

accessories, and for minor automotive

maintenance work. Major automotive

repairs, painting, body and fender work

are excluded.

(4) Basement shall mean a story of a

building or structure having one-half

or more of its height below ground

level and to which access for fire fight-

ing purposes is unduly restricted.

(5) Boiling point shall mean the boil-

ing point of a liquid at a pressure of

14.7 pounds per square inch absolute

(p.s.i.a.) (760 mm.). Where an accurate

boiling point is unavailable for the ma-

terial in question, or for mixtures

which do not have a constant boiling

point, for purposes of this section the

10 percent point of a distillation per-

formed in accordance with the Stand-

ard Method of Test for Distillation of

Petroleum Products, ASTM D–86–62,

which is incorporated by reference as

specified in §1910.6, may be used as the

boiling point of the liquid.

(6) Boilover shall mean the expulsion

of crude oil (or certain other liquids)

from a burning tank. The light frac-

tions of the crude oil burnoff producing

a heat wave in the residue, which on

reaching a water strata may result in

the expulsion of a portion of the con-

tents of the tank in the form of froth.

(7) Bulk plant shall mean that por-

tion of a property where flammable or

combustible liquids are received by

tank vessel, pipelines, tank car, or

tank vehicle, and are stored or blended

in bulk for the purpose of distributing

such liquids by tank vessel, pipeline,

tank car, tank vehicle, or container.

(8) Chemical plant shall mean a large

integrated plant or that portion of

such a plant other than a refinery or

distillery where flammable or combus-

tible liquids are produced by chemical

reactions or used in chemical reac-

tions.

(9) Closed container shall mean a

container as herein defined, so sealed

by means of a lid or other device that

neither liquid nor vapor will escape

from it at ordinary temperatures.

(10) Crude petroleum shall mean hy-

drocarbon mixtures that have a flash

point below 150 °F. and which have not

been processed in a refinery.

(11) Distillery shall mean a plant or

that portion of a plant where flam-

mable or combustible liquids produced

by fermentation are concentrated, and

where the concentrated products may

also be mixed, stored, or packaged.

(12) Fire area shall mean an area of a

building separated from the remainder

of the building by construction having

a fire resistance of at least 1 hour and

having all communicating openings

properly protected by an assembly hav-

ing a fire resistance rating of at least 1

hour.

(13) Flammable aerosol shall mean an

aerosol which is required to be labeled

‘‘Flammable’’ under the Federal Haz-

ardous Substances Labeling Act (15

U.S.C. 1261). For the purposes of para-

graph (d) of this section, such aerosols

are considered Class IA liquids.

(14) Flashpoint means the minimum

temperature at which a liquid gives off

vapor within a test vessel in sufficient

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Appendix C

FORM TO REQUEST PRIOR APPROVAL

Date:

Location where experimentSURFHGXUH will take place

Building:

Department:

Room Number:

Person Seeking Approval:

Contact Phone Number:

Email Address:

EXPERIMENT&+(0,&$/$&48,6,7,21 OR PROCEDURE REQUIRING 35,25$33529$/

Prior approval LVUHTXLUHGbefore doing any procedure DQGRUSULRUWRDFTXLULQJDQ\

FKHPLFDOVWKDWFRXOGUHVXOWLQ one or more of the following conditions (check all that apply):

 Potential for a rapid rise in temperature.

 Potential for a rapid increase in pressure.

 Potential for chemical explosion.

 Potential for spontaneous combustion.

 Potential for the emission of toxic gases that could produce concentrations in the air that

H[FHHGWR[LFOLPLWV

Prior approval should also be obtained before again performing any procedure after there has

been aQLQFLGHQWRUH[SRVXUHDVDUHVXOWRIWKHfailure of any of the equipment RUV\VWHPV

needed for the VDIHprocess, KDQGOLQJVWRUDJHDQGXVHRIWKHPDWHULDOLHfume hoodIDLOXUH

ILUHH[SORVLRQRUDQ\RWKHUXQVDIHFRQGLWLRQGLUHFWO\UHODWHGWRWKHPDWHULDOLGHQWLILHGKHUHLQ.

Detailed Explanation of 3URFHGXUH5HDVRQIRU3ULRU$SSURYDO5HTXHVW (add addl page(s), as necessary):

 APPROVED

 DISAPPROVED (if so, CHO shall provide a written explanation)

SIGNATURE:

DATE:______________

Chemical Hygiene Officer

Appendix D

HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL EXPOSURE INCIDENT REPORT FORM

Hazardous Chemical Exposure Incident Report

INSTRUCTIONS: Use the forms in this package to document routes and circumstances of a

hazardous chemical exposure incident.

Hazardous Chemical Exposure Incident Report

NAME OF

FORM

PAGE

ACTION

Part

1 – 2

1. Completed by employee

2. Employee receives a copy

3. Human Resources receives a copy

Part

1. Completed by Environmental Health and Safety Officer

2. Employee receives a copy

3. Human Resources receives a copy

Part

1. Completed by Exposed Employee’s Medical Care Provider

2. Medical Care Provider mails direct to Human Resources

3. Medical Care Provider mails direct to Environmental Health and Safety Officer

Part 3A

1. Completed by the Exposed Employee to record Medical Evaluation follow up

2. Employee mails direct to Human Resources

3. Employee mails direct to Environmental Health and Safety Officer

Part 3B

1. Completed by the Exposed Employee’s Medical Care Provider to

record Medical

Evaluation Follow-up

2. Medical Care Provider mails direct to Human Resources

3. Medical Care Provider mails direct to Environmental Health

and

afety Officer

Page 1

Hazardous Chemical Exposure Incident Report

Part 1 (to be completed by Employee)

lease print or type all information

DEMOGRAPHICS

Date (of form completion):

Department:

Work Telephone:

Employee’s Last Name:

Employee’s First Name:

Date of Birth:

Social Security #:

Home Telephone #:

Other Contact # (i.e. mobile):

EXPOSURE INCIDENT

Date of Exposure:

Time of Exposure (be sure to note a.m. or p.m.):

Where Did the Incident Take Place (be as specific as possible)?

Nature of the Incident (i.e. injured body part, difficulty breathing, chemical burn, etc.)?

What Tasks Were You Performing When the Exposure Took Place (please indicate if task(s) were routine or

if they varied from your regular work duties). If varied, please explain why you were engaging in said

activity(ies) [include additional page(s), as necessary]?

List chemical(s), amount and concentration in use at time of exposure [include additional page(s), as

necessary]:

Chemical Name

Amt.

Conc.

Chemical Name

Amt.

Conc.

Office of Environmental Health and Safety Rev. 04/14

Page 2

CONTROLS MEASURES

Provide details about any control measures in use at the time of exposure (i.e. Fume Hood, Dust Mask, etc.):

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT - PPE

Were you wearing any Personal Protective Equipment

(PPE) [i.e. safety glasses, lab coat, ear muffs, nitrile

gloves, etc.)?:

YES

If YES, Describe what type:

Did the PPE Fail?

YES

If YES, Describe how (provide additional detail

below, as needed):

Additional detail:

INCIDENT EXPOSURE

What Part(s) of your Body was Exposed?

Estimate the Size or Area of your Body that was

Exposed:

How Long Did The Exposure Last (# of seconds, min., hours, etc.)?

Is a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) attached to this Report? YES NO

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Did you develop or experience any signs or symptoms as a result of the exposure?

If yes, list them below (i.e. headache, nausea, rash, etc.):

Are signs and symptoms currently present (at time of form completion)?

Are the signs and symptoms those documented on the SDS? YES

NO N/A

Is Exposure monitoring data available?

YES

NO N/A

Employee Signature Supervisor’s Signature

Date Date

As stipulated and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20, the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories standard 29

CFR 1910.1450, form and related documentation will be kept on file by Farmingdale State College for the length of employment and 30 years

thereafter. This form and related documentation will remain confidential. Personal identifying information will be released with your consent only.

Office of Environmental Health and Safety Rev. 04/14

Page 3

Hazardous Chemical Exposure Incident Report

Part 2 (to be completed by Environmental Health and Safety Officer)

Please print or type all information

DEMOGRAPHICS

Date (of form completion):

Name of EH&S Officer Completing

Form:

EH&S Officer Work Telephone:

Employee’s Last Name:

Employee’s First Name:

Employee Date of Birth:

Employee Social Security #:

Employee Home Telephone #:

Employee Other Contact # (i.e. mobile):

REPORTING

Is a Comprehensive Accident Report Detailing This Incident On file?

YES

Is a SH 900 and Related Documents Detailing this Incident On File?

NO N/A

EH&S Officer Comment:

EH&S OFFICER TO SUBMIT

COMPLETED COPIES OF FORMS

PART 1 AND 2 TO:

[enter exposed employee’s name and address]

Farmingdale State College

ATTN: Marybeth Incandela

Director of Human Resources

Whitman Hall

2350 Broadhollow Road

Farmingdale, NY 11735

ph. (631) 420-2107

fax (631) 420-2489

marybeth.incandela@farmingdale.edu

Environmental Health and Safety Officer’s Signature Supervisor’s Signature

Date Date

As stipulated and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20, the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories standard 29

CFR 1910.1450, form and related documentation will be kept on file by Farmingdale State College for the length of employment and 30 years

thereafter. This form and related documentation will remain confidential. Personal identifying information will be released with your consent only.

Office of Environmental Health and Safety Rev. 04/14

Page 4

Hazardous Chemical Exposure Incident Report

Part 3 (to be completed by Exposed Employee’s Medical Care Provider)

Please print or type all information

EXPOSED EMPLOYEE

Employee’s Last Name: Employee’s First Name:

Date of Birth:

Social Security #:

Work Site Name:

Work Telephone:

MEDICAL CARE PROVIDER

Health Care Professional Name: Title:

Office Location (Street and Number, City, State, Zip):

Office Telephone:

Office Fax Number:

MEDICAL CARE PROVIDER’S REPORT

Did You Treat The Patient/Employee Directly?

YES

If YES, Specify Treatment Regimen [include additional page(s), as necessary]:

Other Pertinent Information [include additional page(s), as necessary]:

Medical Care Provider’s Signature Date

As stipulated and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20, the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories standard 29

CFR 1910.1450, form and related documentation will be kept on file by Farmingdale State College for the length of employment and 30 years

thereafter. This form and related documentation will remain confidential. Personal identifying information will be released with your consent only.

Office of Environmental Health and Safety Rev. 04/14

Page 5

MEDICAL CARE PROVIDER

TO SUBMIT COMPLETED

COPY OF FORM PART 3 TO:

Farmingdale State College

ATTN: Marybeth Incandela

Director of Human Resources

Whitman Hall

2350 Broadhollow Road

Farmingdale, NY 11735

ph. (631) 420-2107

fax (631) 420-2489

marybeth.incandela@farmingdale.edu

Farmingdale State College

ATTN: Jeff Carter, CHMM, MPS

Environmental Health and Safety Officer

Horton Hall

2350 Broadhollow Road

Farmingdale, NY 11735

ph. (631) 420-2105

fax (631) 420-9173

jeff.carter@farmingdale.edu

Office of Environmental Health and Safety Rev. 04/14

Page 6

Hazardous Chemical Exposure Incident Report

Part 3A (to be completed by Exposed Employee to record Medical Evaluation follow up)

Please pr

int or type all information

EXPOSED EMPLOYEE

Date (of form completion):

Department:

Work Telephone:

Employee’s Last Name:

Employee’s First Name:

Social Security #:

Job Title at Time of Exposure:

Date and Time of Exposure:

Date of Follow Up:

Name and Location of Medical Treatment Facility:

Reason for Follow Up:

EMPLOYEE TO SUBMIT

COMPLETED COPY OF

FORM PART 3A TO:

Farmingdale State College

ATTN: Marybeth Incandela

Director of Human Resources

Whitman Hall

2350 Broadhollow Road

Farmingdale, NY 11735

ph. (631) 420-2107

fax (631) 420-2489

marybeth.incandela@farmingdale.edu

Farmingdale State College

ATTN: Jeff Carter, CHMM, MPS

Environmental Health and Safety Officer

Horton Hall

2350 Broadhollow Road

Farmingdale, NY 11735

ph. (631) 420-2105

fax (631) 420-9173

jeff.carter@farmingdale.edu

Supervisor’s Statement/Comments (enter “N/A” if no additional information/detail warranted):

Employee Signature Supervisor’s Signature

Date Date

As stipulated and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20, the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories standard 29

CFR 1910.1450, form and related documentation will be kept on file by Farmingdale State College for the length of employment and 30 years

thereafter. This form and related documentation will remain confidential. Personal identifying information will be released with your consent only.

Office of Environmental Health and Safety Rev. 04/14

Page 7

Hazardous Chemical Exposure Incident Report

Part 3B (to be completed by the Exposed Employee’s Medical Care Provider to record Medical

Evaluation

follow up)

Please print or type all information

MEDICAL CARE PROVIDER

Health Care Professional Name: Title:

Office Location (Street and Number, City, State, Zip):

Office Telephone:

Office Fax Number:

MEDICAL CARE PROVIDER’S REPORT

Employee Health File Reviewed?

YES

Date of Review:

Medical Care Provider’s Findings & Observations:

Is Additional Follow Up Needed (if so, explain why):

Other Pertinent Information:

MEDICAL CARE PROVIDER

TO SUBMIT COMPLETED

COPY OF FORM PART 3B TO:

Farmingdale State College

ATTN: Marybeth Incandela

Director of Human Resources

Whitman Hall

2350 Broadhollow Road

Farmingdale, NY 11735

ph. (631) 420-2107

fax (631) 420-2489

marybeth.incandela@farmingdale.edu

Farmingdale State College

ATTN: Jeff Carter, CHMM, MPS

Environmental Health and Safety Officer

Horton Hall/Administration and Finance

2350 Broadhollow Road

Farmingdale, NY 11735

ph. (631) 420-2105

fax (631) 420-9173

jeff.carter@farmingdale.edu

Medical Care Provider’s Signature Date

As st

ipulated and in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.20, the Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories standard 29

CFR 1910.1450, form and related documentation will be kept on file by Farmingdale State College for the length of employment and 30 years

thereafter. This form and related documentation will remain confidential. Personal identifying information will be released with your consent only.

Office of Environmental Health and Safety Rev. 04/14

Appendix E

LABORATORY SAFETY EQUIPMENT

(for reference purposes only)

Personal Clothing and Equipment

Aprons, rubber or plastic Extends to or below the knees.

Gloves The material from which the glove is made must be

carefully chosen so that the glove is not permeable to the

liquids or vapors anticipated for the experiment.

Chemical splash goggles Meets ANSI Standard Z87.1 for chemical splash-proof

goggles. Indirect ventilation. NOT the same as most

goggles sold in hardware stores!

Face shield When used, should be worn with goggles.

Laboratory Coat, Tyvek, Has long sleeves.

Dacron & cotton, cotton Has Velcro or snap fasteners.

Extends to or below the knees.

Self-contained breathing apparatus Use restricted to professionals who have been properly

trained and have maintained certification.

Laboratory Safety Equipment

Drench shower Ceiling and wall-mounted showers should operate by chain

pull valve. Should deliver tepid, potable water for at least

15 minutes without need to hold valve.

Eye wash fountain Should deliver tepid, potable water to both eyes.

Should provide a steady, gentle flow for at least 15 minutes

without need to hold valve.

Fire blanket, wool Most useful to keep a victim warm while waiting for

medical attention. A blanket should be available but not on

a roller. The purpose of the blanket is to cover the victim,

Not encircle. Wrapping a burning victim may cause

additional burns to neck and face due to the chimney effect.

Fire extinguisher Should be suitable for Class A, B & C fires.

First aid kit Any good, general purpose first aid kit is suitable.

Flammable storage cabinet May be made of wood or metal.

Should be vented directly to the outside.

Check local fire codes.

Fume Hood Should have a face velocity of 60–100

linear feet per minute.

Should be vented to the outside.

May have a vertical or horizontal sash.

Should be kept clean and uncluttered.

Safety cans Some occasions demand that volatile,

flammable or combustible solvents be stored

in safety cans. Each can should have a

flame arrestor in good working order.

Check local fire codes and NFPA standards 30 and 45.

Signs Signs are useful for designating the location of safety

equipment, means of ingress and egress, etc.

Signs should be chosen to be in conformity with

state guidelines and recommendations.

Smoke alarm Check local fire codes.

Laboratory Spill Protection

General purpose A general purpose adsorbent, such as a mixture of kitty

litter, sand, and vermiculite is suitable for containing

many chemical spills.

Acid spills Best treated with sodium bicarbonate,

which may be mixed with kitty litter and/or sand.

Base spills Best treated with sodium bisulfate,

which may be mixed with kitty litter

and/or sand.

Halogen spills Best treated with sodium thiosulfate,

which may be mixed with kitty litter and/or sand.

Appendix F

LABORATORY SAFETY INSPECTION FORM

Building: __________________ Room #: _________ Inspector: _____________________ Date: ____/____/_____

Q #

Laboratory Safety Inspection Form

No Deficiency

Observed

Deficiency

Not Inspected

N/A

General Safety

1 Lab is maintained secure; door is locked when no one is in lab.

2 Appropriate clothing (no shorts or sandals) worn by everyone in lab.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) (i.e. lab coats, nitrile gloves, safety glasses, etc.) is available in labs

handling chemicals, infectious materials, or any other health/physical hazard.

4 Work and storage areas clear of clutter; access to exit is unrestricted.

5 No food or drinks found in labs.

6 Emergency phone numbers & plan posted next to phone.

7 Eyewash not blocked; can be accessed easily.

8 Fume hood free of clutter and stored chemicals.

9 No visible mold growth evident (i.e. ceiling tiles with dark/black mold, mold patches on walls, etc.).

Chemical Safety

10 Appropriate labels are found on all hazardous chemical containers.

11 Flammable liquid storage is limited to 25 gallons/room w/o flammable cabinet.

12 No flammable chemicals stored in regular refrigerator.

13 All compressed gas cylinders secured in upright position.

14 All compressed gas cylinders capped when not in use.

15 Shelves and chemical containers in good condition (no leaks, rust).

16 Spill control equipment (neutralizers, absorbent pads) are present.

17 Incompatible materials are stored separately from one another.

Hazardous Waste

18 Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) is located at or near where hazardous waste is generated.

19 Maximum SAA storage capacity not exceeded (55-gallons per hazardous waste stream).

20 Hazardous waste containers are in good condition (not leaking, rusted, bulging or damaged).

21 Each hazardous waste container is marked with the words “Hazardous Waste”.

Each hazardous waste container is marked with full chemical names identifying the contents stored

inside (no abbreviations or formulas).

23 Hazardous waste containers are kept closed unless adding waste.

Waste containers storing liquid hazardous waste at or near sinks and drains are stored within

secondary containment.

25 Secondary containment is in good condition (free of cracks, gaps and impervious to leaks).

26 Incompatible hazardous wastes are stored separately from one another.

Biological Safety

27 Sharps are disposed in a proper container that is kept closed unless waste is being added.

Regulated medical waste is placed in red bags within boxes that are properly labeled or in another

suitable container (e.g. 55-gallon fiberboard drum).

Biological materials are not stored in hallways or chaseways in unlocked freezers or refrigerators.

30 Disinfectants are on hand for sanitizing bench tops and treating spills.

31 Biohazard signs are posted in labs handling infectious materials (BSL2 >).

32 Lab coats, gowns or scrubs are in use in labs handling infectious materials (BSL2 >).

33 Biological safety cabinet(s) (in labs BSL2>) were certified within the last 12 months.

Radiation Safety

34 If radioactive material is present, a proper sign is posted on the lab door.

35 Radioactive and/or mixed waste containers are properly labeled.

36 The GM meter(s) is calibrated at least once per year.

37 The radioactive material use area is marked properly.

38 The radioactive material storage freezer is properly labeled.

39 Vials of radioactive material within a freezer are stored in a proper "lock box".

Comments:

Q #

Laboratory Safety Inspection Form Responses

The laboratory door must be closed and locked when no one is in the lab. Hazardous chemicals/biological

material/radioactive material must be kept secured from unauthorized access.

Legs and feet must be covered when working in a lab. No shorts or sandals are permitted in a lab.

Depending on the specific hazard analysis for said lab (which is the responsibility of the Dept. Head or Principal

Investigator), proper personal protective equipment must be used whenever there is a risk of exposure and when

engineering controls are not a viable option.

The aisles must be clear for walking to the emergency eyewash and exit door in case of an emergency. The laboratory

floor should not be used to store boxes and chemical containers.

Food and drink are strictly prohibited in laboratories, including desks in labs and areas where hazardous chemicals,

biological materials and/or radioactive materials are stored and used.

Post the University Police phone number, the name and 24 hour contact information for the responsible person(s) (i.e.

Principal Investigator), and the lab emergency plan near the phone or by the door (or both!).

Do not block the emergency eyewash with lab equipment. Lab workers should be able to find the eyewash with their

eyes closed.

Fume hoods are not to be used to store chemicals. They are designed to be used to protect lab workers handling

hazardous materials. Storage and clutter will interfere with proper air flow.

Indoor mold growth can and should be prevented or controlled by maintaining proper moisture (humidity) levels

indoors. If there is mold growth, it must be cleaned up and

the water problem fixed.

Chemical containers must be identified with the product name and the appropriate hazard warning. Containers that

come from the manufacturer (primary container) are labeled by the manufacturer. Any secondary container (rinse

bottles, etc) that will not be under the control of the lab worker at all times must be labeled by the lab worker.

The total amount of flammable liquids (new, in use and waste) on bench tops and open shelves cannot exceed 25

gallons. If additional flammable liquids must be kept in the room, an approved flammable storage cabinet must be used.

Flammable chemicals can not be safely stored in domestic refrigerators. Flammable chemicals that need to be

refrigerated must be stored in a laboratory safe refrigerator.

Cylinders must be transported, stored and used upright (with the valve up), and must be securely fastened to prevent

them from falling or being knocked over. Suitable racks, straps, chains or stands are required to support cylinders.

Cylinder valves are to be protected with the protective cap when not in use (empty or full). “In Use” means that the

cylinder and regulator are attached to another piece of equipment or the gas is in use during that work day.

Shelves and containers must be inspected weekly to confirm that no containers are leaking, bulging or have labels

falling off and that the shelves are not rusted or have spilled materials on them.

Spill control equipment must be readily available to quickly respond to minor releases of the types of chemicals used

and hazardous waste generated in your laboratory. It is the responsibility of each laboratory to purchase their own spill

kits.

Incompatible materials (i.e. acids and bases, oxidizers and organics) must be separated by either secondary

containment or by distance (preferred).

Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) must be under the control of the individual directly responsible for the process that

generates the waste. SAA must be at or near each specific point of generation where wastes initially accumulate.

Q# LaboratorySafetyInspectionFormResponses

19 MaximumcapacityofcontainersstoredateachSAAis55gallonsofhazardouswasteand/oronequartofacutely

hazardouswaste.Whentheamountofhazardouswasteexceeds55gallonsortheamountofacutelyhazardouswaste

exceedsonequart,theexcesswasteshallbedatedimmediatelyandwithin3

days,movedtothemainstorageareaand

comeintocompliancewithallregulationspertainingtothatarea.Toarrangeforahazardouswastepickupforwaste

thathasexceededitsstoragecapacity,submitaWorkOrderorcall631‐420‐2105forfurtherinstruction.

20 Containersmustbeingoodcondition

(freeofrustand/orstructuraldamage).

21 Eachcontainershallbemarkedwiththewords"HazardousWaste".

22 Eachcontainershallbemarkedwiththefullchemicalnamesofallhazardousconstituents(e.g.,acetone,toluene); do

notuseabbreviationsorformulas.

23 Allhazardouswastestoragecontainersmustbekeptclosedunlessaddingorremovingwaste.

24 Secondarycontainmentcapableofcontaining10%ofthetotalvolumeofallwastecontainersbeingstoredor110%of

thelargestcontainermustbeusedforallliquidhazardouswastecontainersstoredatornear

adrain.Secondary

containmentbinscanbeobtainedbycallingtheEH&SOfficerat631‐420‐2105

25 Secondarycontainmentcapableofcontaining10%ofthetotalvolumeofallliquidwastecontainersbeingstoredor

110%ofthelargestliquidcontainermustbeingoodcondition(freeofcracks,gapsand

impervioustoleaks).Secondary

containmentbinscanbeobtainedbycallingtheEH&SOfficerat631‐420‐2105.

26 Incompatiblehazardouswastes(i.e.acidsandbases,oxidizersandorganics)mustbeseparatedbyeithersecondary

containmentorbydistance(preferred).

27 Allsharpswastemustbedisposedofinaproperlylabeled,

puncture‐resistantcontainerthatiskeptclosedwhennotin

use.

28 AllRMWmustbedisposedofbyusingaredRMWbagandstoredwithinaproperlylabeledoutercardboardboxorin

anotherapproved ,alternativecontainer(i.e.55‐gallonfiberboarddrum).

29 Allbiologicalmaterialsmustbestoredin

asecurelocationtoensurethattheyaresafefrominadvertentexposuresand

misusebyunauthorizedusers.

30 Alllabsworkingwithbiologicalmaterialsmustdisinfectbenchtopsdailyandafteranyspillswithadisinfectanteffective

forthebiologicalagentsinuse.

31 Alllabsusingorstoringinfectiousagentsmustposta

biohazardsignthatappropriatelyidentifiesthehazard(s).

32 AllpersonnelworkingatBSL2orabovemustwearprotectiveclothing(labcoats,gowns,orscrubs)whenworkingwith

biohazardousmaterials.

33 BiologicalSafetyCabinetsrequireannualcertificationtoensurethattheywillcontainbiohazardousmaterialsand

adequatelyprotectlabpersonnel.

34 Allroomsauthorized

forusewithradioactivematerialsmusthavea"CautionRadioactiveMaterials"signpostedonthe

exteriordoor.

35 Allcontainersusedtodisposeofradioactivewastemusthavearadioactiveinventorylogsheetanda"caution

radioactivematerials"stickerontheexteriorofthecontainer.

36 Allinstrumentsusedinthelaboratory

todetectandmonitorradioactivitymustbecalibratedatleastonceperyear.

37 Allareasinthelaboratorythatareusedforresearchwithradioactivematerialsmustbeclearlydelineatedfrom

nonradioactivematerialuseareas.

38 Thefreezer,refrigerator,cabinetusedtostorevialsofradioactivematerialsmustbeposted

witha"CautionRadioactive

Materials"sticker.

39 Vialscontainingradioactivematerialwithinafreezermustbesecuredinsidea"lockbox".

Appendix G

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Air Contaminants, 29 CFR 1910.1000, Subpart Z, Toxic and Hazardous Substances (1993).

American National Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection Devices.

ANSI/ISEA Z87.1-2010.

Annual Report on Carcinogens. National Toxicology Program U.S. Department of Health and

Human Services, Public Health Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC,

(latest edition).

ANSI/AIHA Z10–2005, “Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems.”

Bretherick, L. Bretherick’s Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 4th edition. Boston, MA:

Butterworth and Company, 1990.

Code of Federal Regulations, 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart Z. U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, DC (latest edition).

DHHS, NIH, ORF and ORS NIH Waste Disposal Guide. Version 1, from

http://orf.od.nih.gov/environmentalprotection/wastedisposal/Pages/default.aspx

EPA’s Chemical Compatibility Chart, retrieved March 3, 2014, from

http://www.ehs.harvard.edu/sites/ehs.harvard.edu/files/chemical_waste_chemical_compatibility_

chart.pdf

Facility Management. National Institutes of Health Office of Research Facilities, from

http://orf2.od.nih.gov/PropertyManagement/FacilityManagement.asp

Gottesman, Dr. Michael. (2008, June 26). Appropriate Laboratory Clothing and Mandatory Use

of PPE. National Institutes of Health Office of Research Services, from

http://www.ors.od.nih.gov/sr/dohs/Documents/AppropriateLabClothing.pdf

Handbook of Laboratory Safety. 5th edition, Ed. A. Keith Furr. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc.,

2000.

Hazard Communication, 29 CFR 1910.1200 (1994, revised 2012).

Introduction to Laboratory Safety. National Institutes of Health Office of Management, Division

of Occupational Health and Safety, from https://www.safetytraining.nih.govNIH Division of

Occupational Health and Safety | March 2014 | 18

IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. Albany

NY: World Health Organization Publications Center, (latest edition).

National Research Council (US) Committee on Prudent Practices in the Laboratory. Prudent

Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Management of Chemical Hazards: Updated Version.

Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2011. Available from:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55878/.

NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection

Association, 2008.

NFPA 325M Fire Hazard Properties of Flammable Liquids, Gases and Volatile Solids. Quincy,

MA: National Fire Protection Association, 1994.

NFPA 45 Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. Quincy, MA: National Fire

Protection Association, 2011.

NFPA 491M Manual of Hazardous Chemical Reactions. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection

Association, 1991.

NIH Policy Manual, Chapter 26101-42-F: Shipping Policies and Procedures. (2008, February

26). Retrieved March 3, 2014, from http://oma1.od.nih.gov/manualchapters/acquisitions/26101-

42-F/

NIH Policy Manual, 3015: Admittance of Minors to Hazardous Areas. (2010, June 1). Retrieved

March 3, 2014, from http://oma1.od.nih.gov/manualchapters/intramural/3015/.

NIH Supply Catalog, National Institutes of Health Office of Logistics and Acquisition

Operations, from http://nihsc.od.nih.gov/Forms/NIH%20SC%20Supply%20Catalog.pdf

NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. NIOSH Pub. No. 85-114, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1985 (or latest edition).

Occupational Exposures to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories, 29 CFR 1910.1450 (1990).

Pohanish, Richard P., Green, S. A. Wiley. Guide to Chemical Incompatibilities, 3rd Edition.

New York, NY: John and Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.

Prudent Practices in the Laboratory: Handling and Disposal of Chemicals. Washington, DC:

National Academies Press, 1995.NIH Division of Occupational Health and Safety | March 2014 |

Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,

Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and

Health, revised annually, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Respiratory Protection, 29 CFR 1910.134 (1998).

Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories. 7

th edition. Washington, DC: American Chemical

Society, 2003. (2 volume set).

Safety in Academic Chemistry Laboratories. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2003.

Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of

Governmental Industrial Hygienists (latest edition)

Twelfth Report on Carcinogens. (2011). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National

Toxicology Program, from http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdf.

Appendix H

RECORD OF TRAINING

Employee Name:

SS Number or RAM ID:

Job Assignment:

Job Location:

The above-named employee has received training, as specified in the applicable Chemical

Hygiene Plan, in the following areas (check all that apply):

 Federal & state chemical hygiene

standards

 Location and content of the

Chemical Hygiene Plan

 Hazards of chemicals in the

workplace

 Proper procedures for requesting

authorization to obtain and use

chemicals considered too hazardous

for general school laboratories

 Labeling and storage practices,

and information to interpret labels

 Location and content of SDSs

 Location of safety references

 Location and proper use of

protective apparel & equipment

 Appropriate first aid techniques

 Procedures for responding to

chemical exposures

 Procedures for reporting accidents

 Methods to detect presence or

release of hazardous chemicals

used in the laboratory

 Proper operation of fire extinguisher

Trainer: ___________________________ ___________________________ _____________

Printed Name Signature Date

Employee: _________________________ ___________________________ _____________

Printed Name Signature Date

Submit this original, signed Record of Training to the Chemical Hygiene Officer at Horton

Hall and maintain a copy for your records.

Chemical Hygiene Officer Date of Receipt: _____________

Chemical Hygiene Officer: _________________________ ___________________________

Printed Name Signature

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