Form 8814 (2019)
Page 3
General Instructions
Future Developments
For the latest information about developments related to Form 8814
and its instructions, such as legislation enacted after they were
published, go to www.irs.gov/Form8814.
Purpose of Form
Use this form if you elect to report your child’s income on your
return. If you do, your child will not have to file a return. You can
make this election if your child meets all of the following conditions.
• The child was under age 19 (or under age 24 if a full-time student)
at the end of 2019. “Student” is defined below.
• The child’s only income was from interest and dividends, including
capital gain distributions and Alaska Permanent Fund dividends.
• The child’s gross income for 2019 was less than $11,000.
• The child is required to file a 2019 return.
• The child does not file a joint return for 2019.
• There were no estimated tax payments for the child for 2019
(including any overpayment of tax from his or her 2018 return
applied to 2019 estimated tax).
• There was no federal income tax withheld from the child’s income.
You must also qualify. See Parents who qualify to make the
election below.
Student. A student is a child who for some part of each of 5
calendar months during the year was enrolled as a full-time student
at a school, or took a full-time, on-farm training course given by a
school or a state, county, or local government agency. A school
includes a technical, trade, or mechanical school. It does not
include an on-the-job training course, correspondence school, or
school offering courses only through the Internet.
Certain January 1 birthdays. A child born on January 1, 2001, is
considered to be age 19 at the end of 2019. You cannot make this
election for such a child unless the child was a full-time student.
A child born on January 1, 1996, is considered to be age 24 at the
end of 2019. You cannot make this election for such a child.
How to make the election. To make the election, complete and
attach Form(s) 8814 to your tax return and file your return by the
due date (including extensions). A separate Form 8814 must be filed
for each child whose income you choose to report.
Parents who qualify to make the election. You qualify to make
this election if you file Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR and any of
the following apply.
• You are filing a joint return for 2019 with the child’s other parent.
•
You and the child’s other parent were married to each other but file
separate returns for 2019 and you had the higher taxable income.
• You were unmarried, treated as unmarried for federal income tax
purposes, or separated from the child’s other parent by a divorce or
separate maintenance decree. The child must have lived with you
for most of the year (you were the custodial parent). If you were the
custodial parent and you remarried, you can make the election on a
joint return with your new spouse. But if you and your new spouse
do not file a joint return, you qualify to make the election only if you
had higher taxable income than your new spouse.
Note: If you and the child’s other parent were not married but lived
together during the year with the child, you qualify to make the
election only if you are the parent with the higher taxable income.
Tax benefits you cannot take. If you elect to report your child’s
income on your return, you cannot take certain deductions that your
child could take on his or her own return such as:
• Additional standard deduction of $1,650 if the child is blind,
• Penalty on early withdrawal of child’s savings, and
• Itemized deductions such as the child’s charitable contributions.
If your child received qualified dividends or capital gain
distributions, you may pay up to $110 more tax if you make this
election instead of filing a separate tax return for the child. This is
because the tax rate on the child’s income between $1,100 and
$2,200 is 10% if you make this election. However, if you file a
separate return for the child, the tax rate may be as low as 0% (zero
percent) because of the preferential tax rates for qualified dividends
and capital gain distributions.
If any of the above apply to your child, first figure the tax on your
child’s income as if he or she is filing a return. Next, figure the tax as
if you are electing to report your child’s income on your return.
Then, compare the methods to determine which results in the lower
tax.
Alternative minimum tax. If your child received tax-exempt interest
(or exempt-interest dividends paid by a regulated investment
company) from certain private activity bonds, you must take this
into account in determining if you owe the alternative minimum tax.
This type of interest should be shown in box 9 of Form 1099-INT.
See Form 6251, Alternative Minimum Tax—Individuals, and its
instructions for details.
Net Investment Income Tax. For purposes of figuring any Net
Investment Income Tax liability of the parents on Form 8960, the
following rules apply.
1. All income reported on line 12 is included in the parents’
modified adjusted gross income, and
2. All net investment income included on line 12 (except for
Alaska Permanent Fund dividends) is included in the parents’ net
investment income.
For more information on Net Investment Income Tax, go to
www.irs.gov/NIIT.
Investment interest expense. Your child’s income (other than
qualified dividends, Alaska Permanent Fund dividends, and capital
gain distributions) that you report on your return is considered to be
your investment income for purposes of figuring your investment
interest expense deduction. If your child received qualified
dividends, Alaska Permanent Fund dividends, or capital gain
distributions, see Pub. 550, Investment Income and Expenses, to
figure the amount you can treat as your investment income.
Foreign accounts and trusts. You must complete Schedule B
(Form 1040 or 1040-SR), Part III, and file it with your tax return if
your child:
1. Had a foreign financial account, or
2. Received a distribution from, or was the grantor of, or
transferor to, a foreign trust.
Enter “Form 8814” on the dotted line next to line 7a or line 8,
whichever applies. Complete line 7b if applicable.
Note: If you file Form 8814 with your income tax return to report
your child’s foreign financial account, you have an interest in the
assets from that account and may be required to file Form 8938,
Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets. See the Form 8938
instructions for details.
Change of address. If your child filed a return for a previous year
and the address shown on the last return filed is not your child’s
current address, be sure to notify the IRS, in writing, of the new
address. To do this, use Form 8822, Change of Address.
Additional information. See Pub. 929, Tax Rules for Children and
Dependents, for more details.
Specific Instructions
Name and social security number. If you are filing a joint return,
enter both names but enter the social security number of the person
whose name is shown first on the return.
Line 1a. Enter all taxable interest income your child received in
2019. Do not include tax-exempt interest in the total for line 1a, but
be sure to include it on line 1b.
