The Old Man and the Sea Study Guide
Finding the Beauty in Suffering
After failing to catch a single fish for 84 days, old Cuban fisherman, Santiago, makes the catch of
a lifetime: a massive marlin too strong to reel in. For three days, Santiago struggles against the
monstrous and beautiful fish in an epic battle between man and beast. What will this battle
teach Santiago about nature, suffering, and ultimately, himself?
Be a Better Reader
As you work through the study guide for The Old Man and the Sea, you’ll also practice these skills, which
will help you when you read novels in the future, for school assignments or just for fun.
1. Describe how characters in a novel are developed.
2.
D
escribe the plot development and structure of a novel.
3.
D
escribe and analyze the role of setting in a novel.
4. Identify and analyze the themes in a novel.
5.
I
dentify and analyze an author’s purpose and perspective.
6.
E
xplain how historical context affects readers’ understanding and appreciation of a novel.
Behind the Scenes
At the age of 18, American author Ernest Hemmingway volunteered as a Red Cross ambulance
driver during World War One. During a battle in Italy, he was badly injured by shrapnel and
forced out of service. His first novel, A Farewell to Arms, fictionalized his wartime experience
and ultimately led him to his new career as a writer. His sparse description and short sentences
revolutionized the literary world, and he soon became known for his hyper-masculine
representation of men. This depiction, however, was actually a representation of Hemingway
himself, who enjoyed fishing, hunting, boxing, and even bullfighting!
In the 1930’s, Hemingway moved to a coastal town in Cuba, surrounding himself with beautiful
scenery in where he found great inspiration. While writing for Esquire Magazine, Hemingway
documented the real-life story of a Cuban fisherman and his battle with a massive marlin. The
fisherman was dragged out to sea by the fish, and during an epic-battle, sharks destroyed the
fisherman’s prized catch. The fisherman was rescued days later, dehydrated and delirious. As
he had done with A Farewell to Arms, Hemmingway fictionalized the moving, real-life events to
create a bestselling novel, The Old Man and the Sea.