Fill - Free fillable FORM Courtesy of: APPLICATION TO RENT Landlord.com Each (Department of Internal Affairs New Zealand) PDF form

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DESCRIBE EACH & EVERY PERSON WHO WILL OCCUPY THE PREMISES

WILL YOU HAVE ANY PETS? IF YES, PLEASE DESCRIBE

WILL YOU HAVE ANY LIQUID FILLED FURNITURE? IF YES, DESCRIBE

APPLICATION TO RENT

Each Individual Occupant Who is Responsible for Rent Payment

MUST Complete A Separate Application Form

(California Residents 18 years or older Apply)

(APPRENT2.PDF

)

LAST NAME

FIRST NAME

MIDDLE NAME

SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBER

DRIVER'S LICENSE NO.

DATE OF BIRTH

HOME PHONE NUMBER

()

1

PRESENT HOME ADDRESS

CITY

STATE

ZIP CODE

LENGTH OF TIME

LANDLORD NAME

LANDLORD PHONE NO.

()

STATE REASON FOR MOVING

2

PREVIOUS HOME ADDRESS

CITY

STATE

ZIP CODE

LENGTH OF TIME

LANDLORD NAME

LANDLORD PHONE NO.

()

STATE REASON FOR MOVING

3

NEXT PREVIOUS HOME ADDRESS

CITY

STATE

ZIP CODE

LENGTH OF TIME

LANDLORD NAME

LANDLORD PHONE NO.

()

STATE REASON FOR MOVING

Current Gross Income

Year

PER

Week

Month

$

Account NumberBranch or Address

Name of your Bank

Checking

Savings

EMPLOYMENT/FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Employer

Present

Name

Occupation

Employer

PhoneHow long with

()

address

number

this Employer

Name of your

Supervisor

Employer

Prior

Name

Occupation

Employer

Phone

How long with

()

number

address

this Employer

Name of your

Supervisor

PROPOSED OCCUPANT(S)

Name of Creditor

Address

Phone Number

Monthly Payment Amt.

()

Please List ALL of your Financial Obligations

()

(If More Creditors Use Additional Sheet of Paper)

()

FORM Courtesy of

Landlord.com

STATE

EMAIL ADDRESS

VEHICLE MAKE

MODEL

YEAR

LICENSE NO.

VEHICLE MAKE

MODEL

YEAR

LICENSE NO.

MOTORCYCLES (OTHER VEHICLES)

MODEL

YEAR

LICENSE NO.

PERSONAL REFERENCES

1 .

ADDRESS

PHONE

YEARS KNOWN

2.

3.

Have you ever filed for bankruptcy?

Have you ever been evicted or asked to move?

IF YES, DATE BK FILED AND DESCRIBE:

APPRENT2.PDF

IN CASE OF EMERGENCY, NOTIFY:

1.

ADDRESS

PHONE

RELATIONSHIP

2.

EMERGENCY/PERSONAL REFERENCE INFORMATION

VEHICLE INFORMATION- (

Please state exact number of motor vehicle that will be at the premises

)

APPLICANT AUTHORIZATION

MOTHER'S MAIDEN NAME:

IF YES, PLEASE DESCRIBE:

Applicant represents that all the above statements are true and correct and hereby authorizes landlord/agent to verify the above items including, but not limited

to, the obtaining of a credit report and agrees to furnish additional credit references upon request.

The undersigned makes application to rent housing accommodations designated as:

Address of:

per

and upon approval of this application agrees to sign a rental or lease

the rental for which is $

agreement and to pay all sums due, including required deposits, before occupancy.

Signature of Applicant

Date

Apt. No.

City/State

WeekMonth

Other

Landlord/Agent received a payment of $

which will be used to verify Applicant's credit history and other background information.

The amount charged is itemized as follows:

1. Actual cost of credit report, including any eviction search, and/or other verifying reports:

$

2. Landlord/Agent cost to process and screen applicant's supplied information:

3. TOTAL FEE charged (not to exceed $30.00 per applicant (California Residents Only)):

$

22. LEAD-BASED PAINT (If checked):

Premises was constructed prior to 1978. In accordance with federal law, Landlord gives and

Tenant acknowledges receipt of the disclosures on the attached form (C.A.R. Form FLD) and a federally approved lead pamphlet.

Premises:

Date:

23. MILITARY ORDNANCE DISCLOSURE:

(If applicable and known to Landlord) Premises is located within one mile of an area once

used for military training, and may contain potentially explosive munitions.

24. PERIODIC PEST CONTROL:

Landlord has entered into a contract for periodic pest control treatment of the Premises and shall

give Tenant a copy of the notice originally given to Landlord by the pest control company.

25. DATABASE DISCLOSURE:

NOTICE: The California Department of Justice, sheriff’s departments, police departments serving

jurisdictions of 200,000 or more, and many other local law enforcement authorities maintain for public access a database of the

locations of persons required to register pursuant to paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) of Section 290.4 of the Penal Code. The data

base is updated on a quarterly basis and a source of information about the presence of these individuals in any neighborhood. The

Department of Justice also maintains a Sex Offender Identification Line through which inquiries about individuals may be made. This

is a “900” telephone service. Callers must have specific information about individuals they are checking. Information regarding

neighborhoods is not available through the “900” telephone service.

26. POSSESSION:

Tenant is not in possession of the premises. If Landlord is unable to deliver possession of Premises on Commencement Date,

such Date shall be extended to the date on which possession is made available to Tenant. If Landlord is unable to deliver

) calendar days

after agreed Commencement Date, Tenant may terminate this Agreement

Tenant is already in possession of the Premises.

27. TENANT’S OBLIGATIONS UPON VACATING PREMISES:

A.

Upon termination of the Agreement, Tenant shall:

(i)

give Landlord all copies of all keys or opening devices to Premises,

including any common areas;

(ii)

vacate and surrender Premises to Landlord, empty of all persons;

(iii)

vacate any/all parking

and/or storage space;

(iv)

clean and deliver Premises, as specified in paragraph C below, to Landlord in the same condition as

referenced in paragraph 10;

(v)

remove all debris;

(vi)

give written notice to Landlord of Tenant’s forwarding address; and

(vii)

.

B.

All alterations/improvements made by or caused to be made by Tenant, with or without Landlord’s consent, become the property

of Landlord upon termination. Landlord may charge Tenant for restoration of the Premises to the condition it was in prior to any

alterations/improvements.

C. Right to Pre-Move-Out Inspection and Repairs as follows: (i)

After giving or receiving notice of termination of a tenancy

(C.A.R. Form NTT), or before the end of a lease, Tenant has the right to request that an inspection of the Premises take place

prior to termination of the lease or rental (C.A.R. Form NRI). If Tenant requests such an inspection, Tenant shall be given an

opportunity to remedy identified deficiencies prior to termination, consistent with the terms of this Agreement.

(ii)

Any repairs or

alterations made to the Premises as a result of this inspection (collectively, “Repairs”) shall be made at Tenant’s expense.

Repairs may be performed by Tenant or through others, who have adequate insurance and licenses and are approved by

Landlord. The work shall comply with applicable law, including governmental permit, inspection and approval requirements.

Repairs shall be performed in a good, skillful manner with materials of quality and appearance comparable to existing materials.

It is understood that exact restoration of appearance or cosmetic items following all Repairs may not be possible.

(iii)

Tenant

shall:

(a)

obtain receipts for Repairs performed by others;

(b)

prepare a written statement indicating the Repairs performed by

Tenant and the date of such Repairs; and

(c)

provide copies of receipts and statements to Landlord prior to termination.

Paragraph 27C does not apply when the tenancy is

terminated

pursuant

to

California Code

of

Civil

Procedure

§

1161(2), (3) or (4)

.

28. BREACH OF CONTRACT; EARLY TERMINATION:

In addition to any obligations established by paragraph 27, in the event of

termination by Tenant prior to completion of the original term of the Agreement, Tenant shall also be responsible for lost Rent, rental

commissions, advertising expenses and painting costs necessary to ready Premises for re-rental. Landlord may withhold any such

amounts from Tenant’s security deposit.

29. TEMPORARY RELOCATION:

Subject to local law, Tenant agrees, upon demand of Landlord, to temporarily vacate Premises for a

reasonable period, to allow for fumigation (or other methods) to control wood destroying pests or organisms, or other repairs to

Premises. Tenant agrees to comply with all instructions and requirements necessary to prepare Premises to accommodate pest

control, fumigation or other work, including bagging or storage of food and medicine, and removal of perishables and valuables.

Tenant shall only be entitled to a credit of Rent equal to the per diem Rent for the period of time Tenant is required to vacate

Premises.

30. DAMAGE TO PREMISES:

If, by no fault of Tenant, Premises are totally or partially damaged or destroyed by fire, earthquake,

accident or other casualty that render Premises totally or partially uninhabitable, either Landlord or Tenant may terminate this

Agreement by giving the other written notice. Rent shall be abated as of the date Premises become totally or partially uninhabitable.

The abated amount shall be the current monthly Rent prorated on a 30-day period. If the Agreement is not terminated, Landlord shall

promptly repair the damage, and Rent shall be reduced based on the extent to which the damage interferes with Tenant’s reasonable

use of Premises. If damage occurs as a result of an act of Tenant or Tenant’s guests, only Landlord shall have the right of

termination, and no reduction in Rent shall be made.

31. INSURANCE:

Tenant’s or guest’s personal property and vehicles are not insured by Landlord, manager or, if applicable, HOA,

against loss or damage due to fire, theft, vandalism, rain, water, criminal or negligent acts of others, or any other cause.

Tenant is

advised to carry Tenant’s own insurance (renter’s insurance) to protect Tenant from any such loss or damage.

Tenant shall

comply with any requirement imposed on Tenant by Landlord’s insurer to avoid:

(i)

an increase in Landlord’s insurance premium (or

Tenant shall pay for the increase in premium); or

(ii)

loss of insurance.

32. WATERBEDS:

Tenant shall not use or have waterbeds on the Premises unless:

(i)

Tenant obtains a valid waterbed insurance policy;

(ii)

Tenant increases the security deposit in an amount equal to one-half of one month’s Rent; and

(iii)

the bed conforms to the floor

load capacity of Premises.

Tenant's Initials ( ) ( )

Landlord's Initials ( ) ( )

Date

Reviewed by

A.

possession within

5 (or

by giving written notice to Landlord, and shall be refunded all Rent and security deposit paid. Possession is deemed terminated

when Tenant has returned all keys to the Premises to Landlord.

B.

LR REVISED 2017 (PAGE 4 OF 6)

Landlord and Tenant acknowledge and agree Brokers:

(a)

do not guarantee the condition of the Premises;

(b)

cannot verify

representations made by others;

(c)

cannot provide legal or tax advice;

(d)

will not provide other advice or information that exceeds

the knowledge, education or experience required to obtain a real estate license. Furthermore, if Brokers are not also acting as

Landlord in this Agreement, Brokers:

(e)

do not decide what rental rate a Tenant should pay or Landlord should accept; and

(f)

do

not decide upon the length or other terms of tenancy. Landlord and Tenant agree that they will seek legal, tax, insurance and other

desired assistance from appropriate professionals.

Tenant Date

Landlord Date

(Owner or Agent with authority to enter into this Agreement)

Landlord Date

(Owner or Agent with authority to enter into this Agreement)

THIS FORM HAS BEEN APPROVED BY THE CALIFORNIA ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS® (C.A.R.). NO REPRESENTATION IS MADE AS TO THE LEGAL VALIDITY OR

ADEQUACY OF ANY PROVISION IN ANY SPECIFIC TRANSACTION. A REAL ESTATE BROKER IS THE PERSON QUALIFIED TO ADVISE ON REAL ESTATE

TRANSACTIONS. IF YOU DESIRE LEGAL OR TAX ADVICE, CONSULT AN APPROPRIATE PROFESSIONAL.

This form is available for use by the entire real estate industry. It is not intended to identify the user as a REALTOR®. REALTOR® is a registered collective membership mark

which may be used only by members of the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS® who subscribe to its Code of Ethics.

Premises:

Date:

Landlord Address City

R

Date

Reviewed by

Address City State Zip

Telephone Fax E-mail

Tenant Date

Address City State Zip

Telephone Fax E-mail

46. GUARANTEE:

In consideration of the execution of the Agreement by and between Landlord and Tenant and for valuable

consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned (“Guarantor”) does hereby:

(i)

guarantee

unconditionally to Landlord and Landlord’s agents, successors and assigns, the prompt payment of Rent or other sums that

become due pursuant to this Agreement, including any and all court costs and attorney fees included in enforcing the Agreement;

(ii)

consent to any changes, modifications or alterations of any term in this Agreement agreed to by Landlord and Tenant; and

(iii)

waive any right to require Landlord and/or Landlord’s agents to proceed against Tenant for any default occurring under this

Agreement before seeking to enforce this Guarantee.

Guarantor Date

Address City State Zip

Telephone

Fax E-mail

Guarantor (Print Name)

47. OWNER COMPENSATION TO BROKER:

Upon execution of this Agreement, Owner agrees to pay compensation to Broker as

specified in a separate written agreement between Owner and Broker (C.A.R. Form LCA).

48. RECEIPT:

If specified in paragraph 5, Landlord or Broker, acknowledges receipt of move-in funds.

Telephone Fax E-mail

State Zip

REAL ESTATE BROKERS:

A.

Real estate brokers who are not also Landlord under the Agreement are not parties to the Agreement between Landlord and

Tenant.

B.

Agency relationships are confirmed in paragraph 42.

C. COOPERATING BROKER COMPENSATION:

Listing Broker agrees to pay Cooperating Broker (Leasing Firm) and Cooperating

Broker agrees to accept:

(i)

the amount specified in the MLS, provided Cooperating Broker is a Participant of the MLS in which the

Property is offered for sale or a reciprocal MLS; or

(ii)

(if checked) the amount specified in a separate written agreement

between Listing Broker and Cooperating Broker.

Real Estate Broker (Leasing Firm)

By (Agent) Date

Address City State Zip

Telephone

Fax E-mail

Real Estate Broker (Listing Firm)

By (Agent) Date

Address City State Zip

Telephone

Fax E-mail

LR REVISED 2017 (PAGE 6 OF 6)

▪ San Fernando Valley (818)988-9200 ▪ Los Angeles (323)937-8811 ▪ Long Beach (562)597-2422 ▪ Garden Grove (714)539-6000 ▪ San Diego (619)280-7007 ▪ Northern California (510)769-7521

Bedbug Addendum

This agreement is an addendum and part of the rental agreement dated _______________________ between

_____________________________________________________________, hereby known as Owner/Agent and

____________________________________________________________________ hereby known as Resident(s)

for the premises located at ____________________________________________________________________,

unit number _______ in the city of _____________________________________, CA.

• Residents acknowledge that the Owner/Agent has inspected the unit and is aware of no bedbug infestation.

• Residents claim that all furnishings and personal properties that will be moved into the premises are free of bedbugs.

__________(Resident Initials) __________(Resident Initials) __________(Resident Initials)

Resident(s) hereby agree to prevent and control possible infestation by adhering to the below list of responsibilities:

1. Check for hitch-hiking bedbugs. If you stay in a hotel or another home, inspect your clothing, luggage, shoes

and personal belongings for signs of bedbugs before re-entering your apartment. Check backpacks, shoes and

clothing after using public transportation or visiting theaters. After guests visit, inspect beds, bedding and

upholstered furniture for signs of bedbug infestation.

2. Resident shall report any problems immediately to Owner/Agent. Even a few bedbugs can rapidly multiply to create

a major infestation that can spread to other units.

3. Resident shall cooperate with pest control efforts. If your unit or a neighbor’s unit is infested, a pest

management professional may be called in to eradicate the problem. Your unit must be properly prepared for

treatment. Resident must comply with recommendations and requests from the pest control specialist prior to

professional treatment including but not limited to:

• Placing all bedding, drapes, curtains and small rugs in bags for transport to laundry or dry cleaners.

• Heavily infested mattresses are not salvageable and must be sealed in plastic and disposed of properly.

• Empty dressers, night stands and closets. Remove all items from floors; bag all clothing, shoes, boxes,

toys, etc. Bag and tightly seal washable and non-washable items separately. Used bags must be disposed

of properly.

• Vacuum all floors, including inside closets. Vacuum all furniture including inside drawers and nightstands.

Vacuum mattresses and box springs. Carefully remove vacuum bags sealing them tightly in plastic and

discarding of properly.

• Wash all machine-washable bedding, drapes, and clothing etc on the hottest water temperature and dry

on the highest heat setting. Take other items to the dry cleaner making sure to inform the dry cleaner

that the items are infested with bedbugs. Discard any items that cannot be decontaminated.

• Move furniture toward the center of the room so that technicians can easily treat carpet edges where

bed bugs congregate, as well as walls and furniture surfaces. Be sure to leave easy access to closets.

4. Resident agrees to indemnify and hold the Owner/Agent harmless from any actions, claims, losses, damages

and expenses including but not limited to attorneys’ fees that Owner/Agent may incur as a result of the

negligence of the Resident(s) or any guest occupying or using the premises.

5. It is acknowledged that the Owner/Agent shall not be liable for any loss of personal property to the Resident,

as a result of an infestation of bedbugs. Resident agrees to have personal property insurance to cover such

losses.

By signing below, the undersigned Resident(s) agree and acknowledge having read and understood this addendum.

________________________________________ ________________________________

Resident Date

________________________________________ ________________________________

Resident Date

________________________________________ ________________________________

Owner/Agent Date

Flood Disclosure Addendum

San Fernando Valley: (818) 988-9200 - Los Angeles: (323) 937-8811 - Long Beach: (562) 597-2422 - Garden Grove: (714) 539-6000 - San Diego: (619) 280-7007 – Northern California: (510) 769-7521

This agreement is an addendum and part of the rental agreement dated

between , hereby known as Owner/Agent, and

, hereby known as Resident(s),

for the premises located at ,

unit number in the city of , CA.

Per Government Code 8589.45, the landlord is required to disclose if rental property is at risk of

flooding.

Lessor’s Disclosure (initial one):

_____ The owner has NO knowledge that this property is located in a special flood hazard area or area

of potential flooding.

OR

_____ This property is located in a special flood hazard area or area of potential flooding, and the

owner has actual knowledge of that fact. The owner is considered to have actual knowledge if:

• the owner has received notice from a public agency that the property is located in a special

flood hazard zone or an area of potential flooding;

• the owner's mortgage holder requires the owner to carry flood insurance; or

• the owner currently carries flood insurance.

Tenants can obtain information about hazards that may affect the property from the Office of

Emergency Services web site at www.caloes.ca.gov.

Owner's insurance does not cover the loss of tenant's personal possessions or for any relocation

expenses. Any losses would be the sole responsibility of the tenant. The tenant should consider

purchasing their own insurance to cover these items. Owner does not need to provide any additional

information concerning flood hazards to the property.

The following parties have reviewed the information about and certify, to the best of their knowledge,

that the information provided by the signatory is true and accurate.

_________________________________ ______________________________

Resident Date

_________________________________ ______________________________

Resident Date

_________________________________ ______________________________

Owner/Agent Date

CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL

PROTECTION AGENCY

RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL

HAZARDS:

A Guide For Homeowners, Homebuyers,

Landlords and Tenants

2011

This guide was originally developed by M. B. Gilbert Associates, under contract with the

California Department of Real Estate in cooperation with the California Department of

Health Services. The 2005 edition was prepared by the California Department of Toxic

Substances Control, in cooperation with the California Air Resources Board and the

California Department of Health Services, and meets all State and Federal guidelines

and lead disclosure requirements pursuant to the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard

Reduction Act of 1992. The 2005 edition incorporates the Federal “Protect Your Family

from Lead” pamphlet. The 2011 update was developed California Department of Toxic

Substances Control. This booklet is offered for information purposes only, not as a

reflection of the position of the administration of the State of California.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 1 of 48

January 2011

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 3

CHAPTER I ASBESTOS 3

CHAPTER II CARBON MONOXIDE 10

CHAPTER III FORMALDEHYDE 13

CHAPTER IV HAZARDOUS WASTE 17

CHAPTER V HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE 21

CHAPTER VI LEAD 24

CHAPTER VII MOLD 31

CHAPTER VIII RADON 36

APPENDIX A LIST OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES 42

APPENDIX B GLOSSARY 46

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 2 of 48

January 2011

Introduction

The California Departments of Real Estate and Health Services originally prepared this

booklet in response to the California legislative mandate (Chapter 969, Statutes of

1989, AB 983, Bane) to inform the homeowner and prospective homeowner about

environmental hazards located on and affecting residential property.

The 2005 edition was prepared by the California Department of Toxic Substances

Control, in cooperation with the California Air Resources Board and the California

Department of Health Services’ Childhood Lead Poisoning

Prevention Program, Radon Program, and Division of Drinking Water and

Environmental Management, in response to a 1994 legislative mandate (Chapter 264,

Statutes of 1994, AB 2753, Sher). The 1994 legislation also requires this booklet to

consolidate the California disclosure requirements (Ch. 969, Statutes of 1989) and the

federal disclosure requirements (The Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction

Act of 1992).

The information contained in this booklet is an overview of some environmental hazards

which may be found on or in residential property and which may affect residential real

estate. Since this booklet is not meant to be all inclusive, it should be used only for

general guidance. Although law requires the disclosure of known hazards, an

environmental survey may be conducted to obtain further information. Homeowners,

tenants, and prospective homeowners may wish to obtain other literature for additional

information on hazards of concern.

In California, sellers are required to disclose the presence of any known environmental

hazard. A statement that the homeowner is unaware of environmental hazards is not a

guarantee that the property is free of such hazards. It is in the homeowner’s and

prospective homeowner’s interest to know what hazards are common, where they are

found, and how they might be mitigated. This booklet will provide homeowners and

prospective homeowners with the information and additional resources needed to make

an informed decision about environmental hazards that may be present on a property.

Because of the contribution of household hazardous wastes to the problem of

hazardous waste disposal, a section on proper storage and disposal of household

hazardous products is included. In discussing health impacts of hazardous substances,

lifetime exposure to low levels is emphasized because the resident is more likely to

encounter this type of exposure than exposure to high levels of hazards for a short time.

Sources of additional information and a list of government agencies are provided for

further information.

Pursuant to AB 983, if this environmental hazards booklet is made available to

homeowners or prospective homeowners, real estate licensees and home sellers are

not required to provide additional information on such hazards. However, delivery of this

publication to homeowners or prospective homeowners does not relieve home sellers

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 3 of 48

January 2011

and real estate licensees of the responsibility to disclose the existence of environmental

hazards when such hazards are known to them.

The material is presented with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in

offering legal or other professional advice. If legal or other expert assistance is required,

the services of a skilled professional should be obtained.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 4 of 48

January 2011

CHAPTER I ASBESTOS

What is Asbestos?

Asbestos is the name given to a number of naturally occurring fibrous silicate minerals

that have been mined for their useful properties such as thermal insulation, chemical

and thermal stability, and high tensile strength. The three common types of asbestos

are chrysotile, amosite, and crocidolite. Chrysotile, also known as white asbestos and a

member of the serpentine mineral group, is the most common. Asbestos can only be

identified under a microscope.

Where is asbestos found in the home?

Asbestos has been used in many products found in the home that provide insulation,

strength, and fire protection. In 1989, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.

EPA) announced a phased ban of asbestos products to be completed by 1996.

However, in 1991, the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned and remanded the

asbestos ban and phase-out rule to EPA. Today, most asbestos products can still be

legally manufactured, although production of asbestos containing materials has

decreased dramatically since the late 1970s. The most common items in the home that

may contain asbestos are:

• Vinyl flooring

• Duct wrapping on heating and air conditioning systems

• Insulation on hot water pipes and boilers

• Some roofing shingles, and siding

• Vermiculite attic insulation

• Ceiling and wall insulation

• Sheet rock taping compounds and some ceiling materials

Asbestos that has been sprayed on ceilings often has a spongy, “cottage cheese”

appearance with irregular soft surfaces. Asbestos troweled on walls has a textured, firm

appearance. Vermiculite attic insulation, found both in the attic between trusses and in-

between walls, also has the potential to contain asbestos. Vermiculite attic insulation is

a pebble-like, pour-in product and is usually light-brown or gold in color.

Manufacturers can provide information on the asbestos content of home products. A

certified asbestos consultant can be hired to test building material and determine

whether or not asbestos is present and to give advice about how to take care of it

safely. Current asbestos bulk testing methods may be insufficient to determine the

presence of asbestos in vermiculite attic insulation. For more information on vermiculite,

see U.S. EPA’s Protect Your Family from Asbestos-Contaminated Vermiculite at

www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/verm_questions.html.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 5 of 48

January 2011

How is asbestos harmful?

Intact or sealed (painted or taped over) asbestos is not harmful unless it becomes

damaged and friable. Friable means the material can be easily crushed or pulverized to

a powder by hand pressure. Friable materials have a higher potential to release fibers.

Asbestos fibers that are released into the air and inhaled can accumulate in the lungs

and pose a health risk. This risk can be divided into two general categories: risk of

asbestosis (lung scarring); and increased risk of cancer.

The U.S. EPA classifies asbestos as a known human carcinogen. If asbestos fibers are

inhaled, the chance of contracting lung cancer or mesothelioma (cancer of the lining of

the chest or abdomen) increases. The more asbestos is inhaled, the greater risk of

developing cancer. Smokers who are exposed to high levels of asbestos have a much

greater risk of developing lung cancer than nonsmokers exposed to the same level.

Symptoms of cancer may not develop until 10-40 years after the first exposure to

asbestos.

Is there a safe level of asbestos?

There is no safe level of asbestos exposure. The more asbestos fibers you inhale, the

greater your risk of developing lung cancer and asbestos-related disease. Exposure to

asbestos should always be avoided.

How can asbestos content in materials be determined?

When you suspect asbestos is present in building materials, it is important to have the

materials tested by a qualified laboratory. Visual inspection alone is not enough to

identify the presence of asbestos. It is recommended that you contact a certified

asbestos consultant to take samples of potential asbestos containing materials and

have them tested by a qualified laboratory. A list of asbestos consultants who have

been certified by the California Department of Industrial Relations, Division of

Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) for evaluating building materials and

recommending a course of action may be obtained on the Internet at

www.dir.ca.gov/Databases/doshacru/acruList.asp or by calling 510-286-7362 .

How should the homeowner repair or remove asbestos?

Repair or removal of asbestos by the homeowner may be unwise if the damage is

severe, since it may result in unnecessary exposure to airborne fibers. In cases where

planned remodeling projects are expected to damage asbestos-containing materials, it

is wise to hire a qualified contractor to remove the material. The homeowner should use

the following guidelines in choosing a qualified contractor:

• Check to see if the contractor is licensed by the California Contractors State

License Board and registered with the California Department of Industrial

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 6 of 48

January 2011

Relations, Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) for doing

asbestos work.

• Be aware that some contractors may remove material incorrectly and still charge

a substantial fee.

• Require references from the contractor and check them to see if the contractor's

work is satisfactory.

• Require the contractor to specify his safety procedures in writing.

The homeowner can expect to pay three times as much for a small removal job than a

large one as it is expensive for a contractor to set up all the necessary safety

equipment. You should consider hiring a certified asbestos consultant to review safety

procedures and oversee the performance of the contractor.

Does the law require asbestos mitigation?

Asbestos mitigation is at the discretion of the homeowner. Even if material contains

asbestos, the homeowner may choose to leave it alone or, if necessary, repair it. If the

home owner chooses to do his or her own repairs, the home owner must comply with

the law. The free Department of Toxic Substances Control fact sheet “Managing

Asbestos Waste” is available on the DTSC Web site at

www.dtsc.ca.gov/PublicationsForms/upload/OAD_FS_Asbestos1.pdf

What about naturally occurring asbestos that is found near the home?

Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA) includes six regulated naturally occurring minerals

(actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, and tremolite) and is commonly

found in California within serpentine and other ultramafic rocks and soils of the Coastal

Ranges, Klamath Mountains, and the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The California

Geological Survey has produced a map that identifies areas more likely to contain NOA

in California. The map may be found online at

www.consrv.ca.gov/cgs/minerals/hazardous_minerals/asbestos/index.htm.

Asbestos fibers may be released into the air as a result of activities which disturb NOA-

containing rock or soils. Development construction activities in areas that contain NOA

may release asbestos. Also, driving on roads or driveways surfaced with asbestos

containing gravel, such as serpentine, may release asbestos. The California Air

Resources Board (ARB) has established Asbestos Airborne Toxic Control Measures

(ATCMs) to regulate the surfacing of roads with asbestos-containing gravels and

construction and grading activities in areas potentially containing asbestos. For more

information about naturally occurring asbestos, go to

www.arb.ca.gov/toxics/asbestos/asbestos.htm.

Hotlines:

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 7 of 48

January 2011

For information on the identification and abatement of asbestos hazards in the home,

and other information about asbestos visit the U.S. EPA Asbestos Web site at

www.epa.gov/asbestos .

For technical assistance and information about:

• Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA);

• Regulations and programs administered under TSCA, including

asbestos, lead-based paint, and PCB’s; and

• EPA’s 33/60 voluntary pollution prevention program;

Contact the Toxic Substances Control Act Assistance Information Service (T.A.I.S.),

Washington, D.C. at:

Telephone: (202) 554-1404

Fax: (202) 554-560

E-mail: tsca-hotline@epa.gov

Publications:

Indoor Air Quality Infosheet - Asbestos

This free publication is available from:

American Lung Association

Environmental Health Department

909 12th Street

Sacramento, CA 95814

Telephone: (800) LUNG-USA [(800) 586-4872]

The Inside Story - A Guide to Indoor Air Quality

Asbestos in Your Home

These free publications are available from:

U.S. EPA Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse

P.O. Box 37133

Washington, D.C. 20013-7133

Telephone: (800) 438-4318

FAX: (202) 484-1510

E-mail: iaqinfo@aol.com

Web: www.epa.gov/iaq

Asbestos in the Home and Workplace

This list is available on the Internet from:

California Department of Health Services

Indoor Air Quality Program

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 8 of 48

January 2011

http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/IAQ/Documents/IAQ_Asbestos_2000-03.pdf

List of Certified Asbestos Consultants

This list is available on the Internet or by mail for $8.00 from:

California Department of Industrial Relations

Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA)

Asbestos Consultant Certification Unit

2211 Park Towne Circle, Suite 1

Sacramento, CA 95825

Telephone: (916) 574-2993

Web: www.dir.ca.gov

List of Asbestos Abatement Contractors

This list is available for $25.00 from:

California Department of Industrial Relations

Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA)

Asbestos Contractor Registration Unit

455 Golden Gate Avenue, 10th Floor

San Francisco, CA 94102

Telephone: (415) 703-5190

Web: www.dir.ca.gov

What You Should Know Before You Hire a Contractor

This free publication is available from:

California Contractors State License Board

9835 Goethe Road

P.O. Box 26000

Sacramento, CA 95827

Telephone: (800) 321-2752 (To receive the publication, leave your name and address

on message phone.)

Note: Telephone numbers and prices were correct at the date of publication of this

booklet, but are subject to change.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 9 of 48

January 2011

CHAPTER II CARBON MONOXIDE

What is carbon monoxide?

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless and tasteless gas. It is highly toxic to

humans and animals in higher quantities.

Because it is impossible to see, taste or smell, breathing CO can incapacitate or kill you

before you are aware it is present in your home. At lower concentrations, CO may

produce flu-like symptoms, including headache, dizziness, disorientation, nausea and

fatigue.

What are the sources of carbon monoxide in the home?

CO is the result of incomplete combustion of carbon fuels and is produced from both

man-made and natural sources. Typical sources of CO in the home are:

• Unvented kerosene and gas space heaters

• Gas water heaters

• Improperly adjusted or maintained furnaces or boilers

• Wood stoves and fireplaces

• Gas stoves and ovens

• Gasoline powered equipment, such as generators

• Automobile exhaust

• Tobacco smoke

How is carbon monoxide harmful?

Following inhalation, CO combines with hemoglobin in the blood producing

carboxyhemoglobin, which is ineffective in delivering oxygen to the body tissues.

Carbon monoxide binds to other molecules such as myoglobin and mitochondrial

cytochrome oxidase and may cause significant damage to the heart and central nervous

system.

At low concentrations, CO exposure may result in fatigue in healthy individuals and

chest pain in people with heart disease. At higher concentrations, CO may result in

headache, nausea, dizziness, confusion, impaired vision, angina and reduced brain

function, depending upon the concentration in air and length of exposure. Exposure to

very high concentrations of CO can be fatal.

Breathing high levels of CO during pregnancy may result in miscarriage. Breathing

moderate levels of CO during pregnancy can result in slower than normal mental

development of your child. In animal studies, exposure to CO during pregnancy had

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 10 of 48

January 2011

effects on birth weight, the heart, the central nervous system and development. Children

with asthma may be more susceptible to respiratory effects following exposure to CO.

What levels of carbon monoxide are found in the home?

Typical levels in homes with no gas appliances range from 0.5 to 5 parts per million

(ppm). Levels measured near properly adjusted gas appliances were between 5 and 15

ppm, while levels near poorly adjusted appliances can be 30 ppm or higher.

Is there a safe level of carbon monoxide?

No standards for CO have been adopted for indoor air. The National Ambient Air Quality

Standards for outdoor air are 9 ppm for eight hours and 35 ppm for one hour. The State

of California Air Resources Board (ARB) air quality standards for CO are 9 ppm for eight

hours and 20 ppm for one hour. The State of California, Office of Environmental Health

Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) established an acute, one hour exposure level of 23,000

micrograms per cubic meter of air (µg/m

3

) or 20 ppm for CO. This exposure level was

based on heart toxicity.

Can carbon monoxide be detected and measured?

California Senate Bill 183 (SB 183) will require owners of single family homes that have

a fossil-fuel burning appliance, fireplace or attached garage to install a CO alarm(s) by

July 1, 2011. CO detectors trigger an alarm based on accumulation of CO over time or

continuous detection of CO.

What can be done to reduce exposure to carbon monoxide?

Always make sure that gas appliances are maintained and properly installed. Here are

some common tips to reduce potential CO levels in your home:

• Make sure appliances that burn natural gas, kerosene or other fuels are properly

installed and vented.

• Have all appliances maintained on a regular basis.

• Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and instructions for

installation of these devices.

• Do not use portable gas heaters in enclosed indoor settings.

• Do not let your car idle for long periods of time inside the garage.

• Install and use an exhaust fan vented to the outside over gas stoves.

• Make sure the flue is open when using your fireplace.

• Use properly sized wood stoves certified to meet emission standards.

• Most importantly, install carbon monoxide detectors throughout the home.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 11 of 48

January 2011

.

Links to Additional Information on Carbon Monoxide:

U.S. EPA, An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Basic Information on

Pollutants and Sources of Indoor Air Pollution, Carbon Monoxide,

www.epa.gov/iaq/co.html

OEHHA, Impacts of Criteria Air Pollutants on the Respiratory Health of Children

www.oehha.ca.gov/public_info/public/kids/pdf/balmes.pdf

USFA, DHS, Exposing an Invisible Killer: The Dangers of Carbon Monoxide

www.usfa.dhs.gov/citizens/co/fswy17.shtm

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Fact Sheet

www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm

Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, CDC,ToxFAQs for Carbon

Monoxide

www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tf.asp?id=1163&tid=25

American Lung Association, Carbon Monoxide Indoors

www.lungusa.org/healthy-air/home/resources/carbon-monoxide-indoors.html

US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), Carbon Monoxide Questions

and Answers

www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/466.html

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 12 of 48

January 2011

CHAPTER III FORMALDEHYDE

What is formaldehyde?

Formaldehyde is a colorless, pungent gas that is soluble in water and most organic

solvents. It is used as a raw material in the manufacture of building materials, many

consumer products, and some fabrics. Formaldehyde is found in the outdoor air at an

average concentration of approximately 3 parts per billion (ppb) or 3.7 micrograms per

cubic meter of air (µg/m

3

).

How is formaldehyde harmful?

The Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) has concluded that

exposures to formaldehyde can cause cancer in humans. In 2004, the International

Agency for Cancer Research upgraded formaldehyde to a Group I (known human)

carcinogen, based on human epidemiology studies of nasopharyngeal cancer.

Exposure to airborne formaldehyde may also cause other illnesses, such as irritation to

the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract; coughing; sore or burning throat; nausea; and

headaches. Formaldehyde may also worsen asthma or allergy symptoms in those with

such pre-existing sensitivities. Reducing exposures to formaldehyde will reduce these

health risks.

What levels of formaldehyde are found in the home?

The average formaldehyde concentration inside California homes is about 14 ppb (17

µg/m

3

) in conventional homes and 37 ppb (45 µg/m

3

)in manufactured homes.

Formaldehyde concentrations have been measured at levels greater than 200 ppb (246

µg/m

3

) in both manufactured and new conventional homes. However, concentrations

inside manufactured homes are generally higher than those in conventional homes due

to the increased use of composite wood products.

What are the sources of formaldehyde in the home?

Indoor sources are the major cause of exposures to formaldehyde because people

spend most of their time indoors, and there are many indoor sources of formaldehyde

that typically produce concentrations several times higher than outdoor levels.

Composite wood products are probably the greatest source of formaldehyde in the

home. Other sources include other building materials such as some paints, coatings,

and wallpaper; some consumer products such as fingernail products; permanent

pressed fabric such as clothing and draperies; and combustion sources such as

cigarettes and gas appliances.

What are composite wood products?

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 13 of 48

January 2011

Plywood, particleboard, and oriented strandboard are composite wood products that are

bound together with formaldehyde-containing resins. The two most commonly used

resins are urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde. Composite wood products

used within the home include:

 Particleboard - used for cabinetry, subflooring, shelving, and furniture Hardwood

plywood - used in paneling, furniture, and as a wall covering

 Medium density fiberboard - used in cabinets, doors, table tops, furniture, and

shelving

 Oriented strandboard and softwood plywood - used for exterior use and subflooring,

which are manufactured using low-emitting phenol-formaldehyde resins

Why is formaldehyde emitted from these products?

In the production of the resins, not all formaldehyde is bound tightly. Unbound or free

formaldehyde can be released later as a gas from composite wood products.

Formaldehyde emissions are highest from products made with urea-formaldehyde

resins and new products. Emissions ordinarily decrease to low levels over time, as the

product ages and off-gasses. If properly manufactured, composite wood products that

incorporate phenol-formaldehyde resins do not release significant amounts of

formaldehyde.

Is urea-formaldehyde foam a significant source of formaldehyde in homes?

Urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) was installed in the wall cavities of some

homes during the 1970s and has been used in the manufacture of mobile homes. The

Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the use of UFFI in homes and schools

in 1982. Although a Federal Court subsequently removed this ban for procedural

reasons, UFFI is not currently being installed in homes in California because it does not

meet the insulation standards of the California Energy Commission. In homes where

UFFI was installed prior to 1982, formaldehyde concentrations have declined with time

to levels that are generally comparable to those in homes without UFFI.

How can formaldehyde be detected and measured?

Levels of formaldehyde can be measured by chemical analysis of air samples collected

indoors. In general, ambient air monitoring of formaldehyde is done on a 24-hour or

several day basis using standard analytical techniques and methods established by

federal and state agencies. A useful indicator of the presence of indoor formaldehyde is

knowledge of the formaldehyde content or emissions of products. This information can

usually be obtained from the manufacturer. In general, you do not need to measure

formaldehyde levels if there are few or no materials in the building known to emit high

levels of formaldehyde, because levels would then be expected to approach the lower

outdoor levels. However, if known or suspected sources are extensively present and

cannot be readily removed, it is wise to measure the levels of formaldehyde, to assure

that levels are no greater than 7 ppb (9 µg/m

3

).

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 14 of 48

January 2011

Is there a safe level of formaldehyde?

Most people experience eye and throat irritation when exposed to formaldehyde at

levels above 100 ppb (123 µg/m

3

). Because people differ in their sensitivity to toxic

effects, it is difficult to precisely define a concentration of formaldehyde that would be

harmless to all people under all circumstances.

Levels in the outdoor air may be considered as the lowest levels that can practicably be

achieved in the home. OEHHA has established acute (55 ug/m3, or 44 ppb, one-hour

average) and chronic (9 ug/m

3

, or 7 ppb, long-term average) exposure levels to identify

the levels at which sensitive individuals might experience adverse non-cancer health

effects. For indoor environments, OEHHA has also identified 7 ppb as the eight hour

average level that is protective against non-cancer effects for sensitive individuals.

Because formaldehyde may cause cancer, and there is no known level that is

absolutely risk free, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) recommends that indoor

formaldehyde levels be reduced as much as possible.

What can be done to reduce indoor formaldehyde levels?

Immediate measures include opening windows to increase ventilation and reducing the

number of new composite wood products in a home. Where possible, replace

composite wood products such as bookcases with products made from solid wood or

non-wood materials. Formaldehyde emissions increase with increasing humidity and

temperature. Therefore, reducing the temperature and humidity in the home will reduce

formaldehyde levels.

Where the source of formaldehyde is wood paneling or extensive cabinetry, these

measures may not be adequate. In those cases, removal of the paneling or coating, or

replacement of cabinets may be necessary. Local trade organizations and builders’

associations may be helpful in finding a contractor to do this work. You can find

additional suggestions for reducing indoor formaldehyde levels in the publications listed

below.

Publications:

Formaldehyde in the Home-Indoor Air Quality Guideline #1, updated August 2004,

www.arb.ca.gov/research/indoor/guidelines.htm

OEHHA, Appendix D. Individual Acute, 8-Hour, and Chronic Reference Exposure

Level Summaries, December 2008,

www.oehha.ca.gov/air/hot_spots/2008/AppendixD1_final.pdf#page=128

Determination of Formaldehyde and Toluene Diisocyanate Emissions from Indoor

Residential Sources, www.arb.ca.gov/research/apr/past/indoor.htm , click on Toxic Air

Contaminants, scroll down.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 15 of 48

January 2011

Final Report on the Identification of Formaldehyde as a Toxic Air Contaminant -

1992.

These free publications are available from:

California Air Resources Board, Research Division, Indoor Exposure Assessment

Section

P.O. Box 2815

Sacramento, CA 95812

Telephone: (916) 322-8282 (For first two publications listed)

Telephone: (916) 322-7072 (For third publication listed)

Web: www.arb.ca.gov

The Inside Story - A Guide to Indoor Air Quality

An Update on Formaldehyde

These free publications are available from:

Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse

P.O. Box 37133

Washington, D.C. 20013-7133

Telephone: (800) 438-4318

FAX: (202) 484-1510

E-mail: iaqinfo@aol.com

Web: www.epa.gov/iaq/

A Consumers Guide to Manufactured Housing

Manufactured Housing for Families

These free publications are available from:

California Department of Housing and Community Development

Division of Administration

P.O. Box 31

Sacramento, CA 95812-0031

Telephone: (916) 445-3338

Web: www.hcd.ca.gov

Note: Telephone numbers and prices were correct at the date of publication of this

booklet, but are subject to change.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 16 of 48

January 2011

CHAPTER IV HAZARDOUS WASTE

What is hazardous waste?

Hazardous waste is anything left over from a manufacturing process, chemical

laboratory, or a commercial product that is dangerous and could hurt people, animals,

or the environment. Many industries, such as oil and gas, petrochemical, electronics,

dry cleaners, and print shops, generate hazardous waste.

When hazardous waste is properly managed it is shipped to special facilities for

treatment, storage, disposal, or recycling. Hazardous waste that is not properly

managed may escape into the environment and contaminate the soil, surface and

ground water, or pollute the air. Some causes of hazardous waste releases are leaking

underground storage tanks, poorly contained landfills or ponds, hazardous waste spills,

or illegal dumping directly on land or water.

What is California doing to locate and clean up hazardous waste sites?

The U.S. EPA has targeted about 1,200 sites nationwide for federal cleanup under the

federal Superfund Program. Almost 100 of those sites are in California. California is

overseeing the cleanup of hundreds of other sites under a state Superfund administered

by the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC). DTSC works jointly

with U.S. EPA and other state agencies, such as the California Regional Water Quality

Control Boards and local health departments, to manage hazardous waste problems.

The primary purpose of site cleanup and mitigation activities at hazardous waste sites is

to reduce or eliminate the risks the sites pose to public health or the environment.

How can the prospective homeowner determine if a home is affected by a

hazardous waste site?

State law requires certain written disclosures to be made to prospective homeowners.

The seller is required to disclose whether he or she is aware that the property has any

environmental hazards such as asbestos, formaldehyde, radon, lead-based paint, fuel

or chemical storage tanks, or contaminated soil or water. You can find additional

information on real estate disclosure “Disclosures in Real Property Transactions”

available from the California Department of Real Estate. See Appendix A in this

document for information on how to contact them.

A prospective homeowner may also get information about hazardous waste sites near a

home by consulting the “Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites List” which is

maintained by the California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA). The list is a

comprehensive inventory of hazardous waste sites in California, including contaminated

wells, leaking underground storage tanks, and sanitary landfills from which there is a

known migration of hazardous waste. It also lists active federal and state hazardous

waste sites scheduled for cleanup as well as potential hazardous waste sites.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 17 of 48

January 2011

Information on how you can get a copy of this list is at the end of this chapter. The

addresses of federal and state agencies that manage hazardous waste programs are

listed in Appendix A.

A homeowner or prospective homeowner may choose to hire a registered

environmental assessor to investigate a known or suspected environmental hazard at a

property. To obtain a list of registered environmental assessors, contact the Registered

Environmental Assessor Program at:

P.O. Box 806

Sacramento, CA 95812-0806

Telephone: (916) 324-6881

FAX (916) 324-1379

Web: www.dtsc.ca.gov/rea/

Internet Resources:

You can learn more about the role of the Department of Toxic Substances Control in

protecting Californians from hazardous waste by visiting its Web site at

www.dtsc.ca.gov .

Department of Toxic Substances Control Envirostor Database can be accessed at

http://www.envirostor.dtsc.ca.gov/public/.

The Federal database of potentially contaminated sites is available at

www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/index.htm.

The Hazardous Waste and Substances Sites List (Cortese List) on the locations of

hazardous materials release sites is at

www.dtsc.ca.gov/database/Calsites/Cortese_List.cfm .

The List of Leaking Underground Storage Tanks is available on the Web at

www.geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov.

Hotlines:

For information on the federal Superfund program and the National Priorities List (NPL),

contact the U.S. EPA RCRA, Superfund, EPCRA hotline at:

Telephone: (800) 424-9346

Publications:

Disclosures in Real Property Transactions

This publication is available for $2.00 plus tax from:

California Department of Real Estate Book Orders

P.O. Box 187006

Sacramento, CA 95818-7006 (Mail orders only; a self-addressed envelope is required.)

Web: http://www.dre.ca.gov/pdf_docs/re6.pdf

List of Registered Environmental Assessors

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 18 of 48

January 2011

This list is free if you are hiring a registered environmental assessor. If you wish to use it

as a mailing list, it is available on CD for $6.25 and as a hard-copy printout for $35.00.

It’s also available free on our Web site at:

www.dtsc.ca.gov/rea

Department of Toxic Substances Control

Registered Environmental Assessor Program

P.O. Box 806

Sacramento, CA 95812-0806

Telephone: (916) 324-6881

The Toxics Directory: References and Resources on the Health Effects of Toxic

Substances

This publication is available for $9.90 from:

California Department of General Services

Documents and Publications

P.O. Box l015

North Highlands, CA 95660

(Send written request with your name and street address. Make your check out to

Procurement Publications.)

Ensuring Safe Drinking Water (600M91012)

This free publication is available from:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Public Information Center

1200 Pennsylvania Ave, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20460

Telephone: (800) 490-9198

Consumer’s Guide to California Drinking Water

This publication is available for $4.00 (plus 5% shipping charge and tax) from:

Local Government Commission

1414 K Street, Suite #600

Sacramento, CA 95814

Telephone: (916) 448-1198 x307

Web: www.lgc.org

Is Your Drinking Water Safe? (PB94-203387)

This publication is available for $19.50 plus $4.00 shipping from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Telephone: (800) 553-6847

Web: www.ntis.gov

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 19 of 48

January 2011

Note: Telephone numbers and prices were correct at the date of publication of this

booklet, but are subject to change.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 20 of 48

January 2011

CHAPTER V HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE

What is household hazardous waste?

Although hazardous waste is usually associated with industrial or manufacturing

processes, each year Californians discard tons of hazardous wastes in trash cans or

down the drain. To determine whether a product is hazardous, ask yourself these

questions:

• Is it poisonous when swallowed, touched, or inhaled?

• Does it catch fire easily?

• Is it corrosive? Can it eat through certain containers?

• Is it reactive? Could it explode if it is improperly stored, spilled, or mixed with

other products?

If you answer yes to any these questions, then the product is hazardous. Information

about whether a product is hazardous usually can be found on the container label. The

words “caustic,” “flammable,” “toxic,” and “ignitable” mean that the product is hazardous.

Some products are hazardous on their own, but can become even more dangerous

when they are mixed with other household products. For example, most people know

that bleach is poisonous, but when it is mixed with ammonia-based cleaners it releases

chlorine and hydrazine gases, both of which are extremely poisonous.

Some other hazardous household products are:

• Cleaning products containing ammonia

• Chlorine bleach and cleaning products containing it

• Drain cleaners

• Carpet cleaning products

• Oven cleaners

• Metal polishes

• Garden supplies such as weed and insect killers, rat poison, and fertilizer

• Charcoal lighter fluid, and kerosene

• Automotive supplies such as antifreeze, motor oil, gasoline, batteries and brake

fluid

• Paint, varnish, paint removers, glues, and waxes

• Electronic products such as cathode ray tubes, televisions, computers, cell

phones

• Universal wastes such as fluorescent lights, small batteries, and products

containing mercury

How should hazardous household products be stored?

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 21 of 48

January 2011

Hazardous products should be stored in a cool, dry, secure location. They should be

stored in locked cupboards, locked drawers, or on a high shelf out of the reach of

children and pets. To prevent hazardous products from spilling during an earthquake,

shelves should be firmly secured to the wall and have a restraining bar along the side.

The following guidelines will help you properly store household hazardous products:

• Store poisonous products apart from other products.

• Sort products into hazardous waste categories of poisonous, flammable,

corrosive, and reactive and store them separately. For example, flammable

products such as charcoal lighter and waste oil should be stored apart from

corrosive products such as drain cleaner and acid batteries. It is important to

store reactive products in a separate location.

• Store bleach and ammonia-based cleaners in separate cupboards, so that if

there is a spill the products won’t get mixed and release poisonous gas.

• Store products in their original containers.

• Make sure labels can be read and won’t come off the container.

• Tightly seal containers and check them often to make sure they are not breaking

down. If you notice a container is rusting or leaking, put it inside a larger

container and label it clearly.

What is the best way to dispose of household hazardous waste?

The best way to dispose of household hazardous waste is to take it to a community

household hazardous waste collection center in your area.

You should never pour unused hazardous household products down the drain. That is

illegal in California. It is also illegal to pour used oil and paints on land, down drains,

including the storm drains, or to burn them. Waste motor oil, oil filters, antifreeze, and

used batteries can be recycled. You should take them to a recycling center or a

household hazardous waste collection center. For information about recycling specific

products or about household hazardous waste collection programs in your community,

call 1-800-CLEANUP or visit the

Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle) Web site at

http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/. You can get additional information on household

hazardous waste at www.earth911.org .

Hotlines:

For information on household hazardous waste and used oil collection and recycling

centers, information on buying recycled products, the 3 R’s - Reduce, Reuse and

Recycle, and other environmental tips and events, contact the California Environmental

Hotline at:

Telephone: 1-800-CLEANUP (1-800-253-2687)

Web Site: www.1800cleanup.org

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 22 of 48

January 2011

For information on recycling and collection centers and referrals for county and city

agencies, call the California Integrated Waste Management Board at:

Telephone: (800) 553-2962

To report hazardous waste violations, call the California Department of Toxic

Substances Control Waste Alert hotline at:

Telephone: (800)-69TOXIC [(800) 698-6942]

For general information on hazardous wastes, call the California Department of Toxic

Substances Control at:

Telephone: (800) 61TOXIC [(800) 618-6942]

Publications:

Household Products Management Wheel

This product is available for $4.95 from:

Environmental Hazards Management

Institute 10 New Market Road

P.O. Box 932

Durham, NH 03824

Telephone: (603) 868-1496

FAX: (603) 868-1547

Note: Telephone numbers and prices were correct at the date of publication of this

booklet, but are subject to change.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 23 of 48

January 2011

CHAPTER VI LEAD

How is lead harmful?

Lead is a common environmental toxin that has been used extensively in consumer

products such as paint and gasoline. Much of that lead remains in the California

environment where people may be exposed to it. Children under the age of six years

are particularly at risk. They typically are exposed to lead through the normal hand-to

mouth behavior that occurs as they explore their environment. Crawling or playing on

the floor, and putting their fingers, toys, and other items in their mouths can expose a

child to lead. Lead poisoning, which is often unrecognized, can result in health effects

that are often irreversible, including brain damage, mental retardation, convulsions, and

even death. If lead poisoning goes undetected, it may result in behavior problems,

reduced intelligence, anemia, and serious liver or kidney damage.

Lead is also harmful to adults. Lead poisoning can cause reproductive problems in both

men and women, high blood pressure, kidney disease, digestive problems, nerve

disorders, memory and concentration problems, and muscle and joint pain. Adult lead

poisoning is most often the result of occupational exposure, or exposure following

unsafe home renovation. If a pregnant woman is lead poisoned, the lead can pass into

her baby’s blood and poison the baby.

How can I find out if my family has lead poisoning?

The most important step you can take to protect your children is to prevent them from

being exposed to lead. Most lead poisoning does not cause acute symptoms, so the

only way to know if a person is lead poisoned is by testing the level of lead in his or her

blood.

There are many ways a child can be exposed to lead. The law assumes that, at

minimum, children are at risk if they are on publicly funded programs for low-income

children or if they live in, or spend a lot of time in, a place built before 1978 that has

peeling or chipped paint, or that has been recently renovated. These children must be

tested for lead at age one and two years. Children below the age of six years, who were

not tested at ages one or two, should receive make-up testing as soon as possible. If

you have a job or a hobby where you may be exposed to lead, you should be tested

regularly. If you are pregnant, ask your doctor about a lead test.

A physician can order this simple test. Some doctors and healthcare centers can

perform the test in their offices. Under California law, it must be covered by health

insurance plans. Children from families with modest incomes can be tested at no cost

through the Child Health and Disability Prevention Program (CHDP). The test is a

required part of well-child checkups. For more information on CHDP and to locate an

office in your area visit their Web site at www.dhs.ca.gov/pcfh/cms/chdp.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 24 of 48

January 2011

Because lead poisoning is the result of contact with lead, the primary treatment is to

identify the source of lead, and remove or isolate it. Further medical management may

be necessary, depending on factors such as the severity and duration of exposure.

Adults and children who become lead poisoned will need regular testing to monitor

levels of lead in the body.

Where is lead found in the home?

Many houses and apartments built before 1978 have paint that contains lead. In 1978,

the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned paint containing high levels of lead

for residential use. If your home or apartment was built before 1978, you should assume

it has lead paint.

Lead-based paint that is peeling, chipping, chalking, or cracking is a hazard and needs

immediate attention. Lead-based paint may also pose a hazard on surfaces children

can chew or in areas with heavy wear. These areas include windows, windowsills, doors

and doorframes, stairs, railings, banisters, porches, and fences. When painted surfaces

bump or rub together, they generate lead dust. Likewise, dry-scraping, sanding, or

heating lead paint during repainting or remodeling also creates large amounts of lead

dust. This dust can poison your family.

Soil may be contaminated with lead from leaded gasoline emissions and from

deteriorating exterior paint. Lead in soil can be a hazard to children who play in the bare

soil. It can also contaminate the home and floor dust when people track soil into the

house on their shoes.

Other Sources: Lead can be found in jobs such as battery repair or recycling, radiator

repair, painting or remodeling, and lead smelting. Lead from the workplace poses a

hazard for workers’ families. Workers can bring lead into their homes on their work

clothes, shoes, and bodies without knowing it. Some hobbies also use lead. These

include ceramics, stained glass, fishing weights, and bullet casting or firing. Lead can

leach into food cooked, stored, or served in some imported dishes or handmade pottery.

Some traditional remedies

such as Azarcon, Greta, Pay-loo-ah, Surma, Kohl, and Kandu contain large amounts of

lead and present a serious danger. Imported candy, especially chili or tamarind candy

or its packaging, is frequently lead contaminated. Lead has been found in painted toys

and inexpensive costume jewelry, particularly imported items. Older water systems may

have pipes containing lead or pipes with lead solder.

How can I check my home for lead hazards?

To inspect your home for lead hazards, hire an individual who has been certified by the

California Department of Public Health (CDPH). CDPH certification is now required for

all those doing lead hazard evaluations, lead abatement plan preparation, lead

abatement work and lead clearance inspections for residential and public buildings in

California (Title 17, CCR § 35001-35050 and § 36000-36100)

. A CDPH-certified

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 25 of 48

January 2011

inspector/assessor can determine the lead content of painted surfaces in your home

and identify sources of lead exposure such as peeling paint, lead contaminated soil, or

lead-contaminated dust. The assessment should outline the actions to take to address

these hazards.

A CDPH-certified inspector/assessor may use a variety of methods to assess lead

hazards in your home. These include visual inspection of paint condition; laboratory

tests of paint, dust and soil samples; and a portable

x-ray fluorescence lead testing (XRF) machine.

You may have seen home lead test kits in your local hardware store. Recent studies

suggest, however, that they are not accurate for testing paint, soil, or dust. They may be

used, however, to test pottery and ceramics for the presence of lead.

How can I reduce lead hazards safely?

If your house has lead hazards, you can take action to reduce your family’s risk. Most

importantly, if you have young children, be sure they receive a blood lead test. This is

particularly critical if you live in a unit that has been recently renovated or have

remodeled your home.

Second, keep your home as clean and free of dust and deteriorated paint chips as

possible. Clean floors, window frames, windowsills, and other horizontal surfaces

weekly. Use a mop, sponge, or disposable cloths with a solution of water and an all-

purpose cleaner. Rinse out mops and sponges thoroughly after use. Use doormats or

remove shoes before entering your home to avoid tracking in lead from bare soil. Have

children play in grassy or landscaped areas instead of bare soil.

Wash children’s hands often, especially before meals and bedtime. Keep play areas

clean. Wash bottles, pacifiers, toys, and stuffed animals regularly. Feed your children

nutritious meals that include foods high in iron and calcium. Give children regular meals

and snacks. Children with full stomachs and nutritious diets tend to absorb less lead.

How can I significantly reduce lead hazards?

In addition to regular cleaning and good nutrition, you can temporarily reduce lead

hazards by repairing damaged painted surfaces and planting grass or using

landscaping materials to cover soil with high lead levels. These actions are not

permanent solutions and need ongoing attention.

To permanently remove lead hazards, you should hire a lead abatement contractor.

Abatement methods include removing, sealing, or enclosing lead-based paint with

special materials. Simply painting over lead-based paint with regular paint is not a

permanent solution. Hire an individual who has been certified by the CDPH as a

Supervisor. CDPH-certified Supervisors and Workers have the proper training to do this

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 26 of 48

January 2011

work safely. They have the proper equipment to clean up thoroughly. They will also

follow strict safety rules set by the state and federal governments.

What precautions should I take when remodeling my home?

Before you begin any remodeling or renovations that will disturb painted surfaces, (such

as scraping or sanding paint, or tearing out walls) test the area for lead-based paint. To

fully protect your family from unsafe renovation hazards, hire a CDPH-certified

Supervisor.

Never use a dry scraper, belt-sander, propane torch, or heat gun to remove lead-based

paint. These actions create large amounts of poisonous lead dust and fumes. This lead

dust can remain in your home long after the work is done, and can make your family

very sick. It is important to move your family (especially children and pregnant women)

out of the home until the work is completed and the area has been properly cleaned.

You can find out about other safety measures by calling (800) 424-LEAD [(800) 424-

5323]. Ask for the brochure “Reducing Lead Hazards when Remodeling Your Home.”

This brochure explains what to do before, during, and after renovations.

What is the source of lead in water?

The source of lead in water is most likely to be lead in water pipes, lead solder used on

copper pipes, and some brass plumbing fixtures. Lead pipes are generally found only in

homes built before 1930. The use of lead-based solder in plumbing applications in

homes and buildings was banned in 1988. However, many homes built prior to 1988

may contain plumbing systems that use lead solder. The levels of lead in water from

these homes are likely to be highest during the first five years after construction. After

five years there can be sufficient mineral deposit, except where the water is soft, to form

a coating inside the pipe; this coating prevents the lead from dissolving. However,

recently, new chemical agents being used in some water systems have been

associated with increased corrosion and have resulted in increased levels of lead in

water.

How can lead levels in water be determined?

If you suspect lead contamination in drinking water, you may submit water samples to a

laboratory certified by the CDPH. For a list of certified laboratories, see Publications at

the end of this chapter. Consult with the laboratory on the proper procedures for sample

taking. Information on the possibility of lead contamination in your municipal water

supply may be obtained from the water utility serving your area.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 27 of 48

January 2011

How can levels of lead in water be reduced?

Lead levels in water can be reduced by removing lead piping or lead solder, by installing

a home treatment system certified by the CDPH, or regularly flushing each tap before

consuming the water. Another alternative for homeowners is to purchase bottled water.

A detailed discussion of home treatment systems is presented in, “Consumers Guide to

California Drinking Water” (see Publications).

Where there are elevated lead levels in water, homeowners who choose not to install a

treatment system, or use bottled drinking water, should flush each tap before the water

is consumed. Water which has been standing in the water pipes for more than six hours

should be flushed from the tap until the temperature changes, and then, for about 15

seconds more. Because lead is more soluble in hot water, the homeowner should not

drink or prepare food using hot water from the tap. The flushed water should be saved

and used for other purposes, such as washing clothes or watering plants.

What are my responsibilities if I am selling, renting, or remodeling a home

built before 1978?

If you are planning to buy, rent, or renovate a home built before 1978, federal law

requires sellers, landlords, and remodelers to disclose certain information prior to

finalizing contracts.

Landlords must:

• Disclose known information on lead-based paint hazards.

• Give you a lead hazard pamphlet before leases take effect. Leases must also

include a federal form about lead-based paint.

Sellers must:

• Disclose known information on lead-based paint hazards.

• Give you a lead hazard pamphlet before selling a house. Sales contracts must

also include a federal form about lead-based paint. Buyers have up to 10 days to

check for lead hazards.

Renovators must:

• Give you a lead hazard pamphlet before starting to work.

If you want more information on these requirements, call the National Lead Information

Clearinghouse at (800)

424-LEAD [(800) 424-5323].

Hotlines:

For more information on lead in drinking water and information on federal regulations

about lead in drinking water, contact the U.S. EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline in

Washington, D.C. at:

Telephone: (800) 426-4791

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 28 of 48

January 2011

For information on how to protect children from lead poisoning, contact The National

Lead Information Center at:

Telephone: (800) Lead-FYI [(800) 532-3394]

For other information on lead hazards, call The National Lead Information Center

Clearinghouse at:

Telephone: (800) 424-LEAD [(800) 424-5323]

To request information on lead in consumer products, or to report an unsafe consumer

product or a product-related injury, contact the Consumer Product Safety Commission

at:

Telephone: (800) 638-2772

To request local lists of CDPH-certified inspectors or abatement workers, contact the

Lead-related Construction Hotline at:

Telephone: (800) 597-LEAD [(800) 597-5323] or visit the CDPH Web site at

www.cdph.ca.gov

To obtain additional information on lead poisoning, or a list of local county lead

programs, contact the CDPH Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Branch at:

Telephone: (510) 620-5600 or visit the CDPH Web site at

www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/CLPPB.

Publications:

List of Certified Laboratories to Perform Hazardous Waste Analysis

This free list is available from:

California Department of Health Services

Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program

850 Marina Bay Parkway, Ste. G365/EHL

Richmond, CA 94804

Telephone: (510) 620-2800

Web: www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/labs/Documents/ELAPLablist.xls

Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in

Housing

This publication is available for $45.00 from:

Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)

Information Services, HUD User

P.O. Box 6091

Rockville, MD 20849

Telephone: (800) 245-2691

Web: www.huduser.org

Lead in your Drinking Water

This publication is available from:

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 29 of 48

January 2011

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Public Information Center

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20460

Telephone: (202) 272-0167

The Inside Story - A Guide to Indoor Air Quality

This free publication is available from:

Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse

P.O. Box 37133

Washington, D.C. 20013-7133

Telephone: (800) 438-4318

Web: www.epa.gov/iaq/

Consumers Guide to California Drinking Water

This publication is available for $4.00 (plus 5 percent shipping charge, and tax) from:

Local Government Commission

1414 K Street, Suite #250

Sacramento, CA 95814

Telephone: (916) 448-1198 x 307

Web: www.lgc.org

Lead Poisoning Prevention Wheel

This publication is available for $3.95 from:

Environmental Hazards Management Institute

10 New Market Road

P.O. Box 932

Durham, NH 03824

Telephone: (603) 868-1496

Note: Telephone numbers and prices were correct at the date of publication of this

booklet, but are subject to change.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 30 of 48

January 2011

CHAPTER VII MOLD

What are molds?

Molds are simple, microscopic organisms present virtually everywhere, indoors and

outdoors. Molds, along with mushrooms and yeasts, are fungi and are needed to break

down dead material and recycle nutrients in the environment.

For molds to grow and reproduce, they need only a food source – any organic material,

such as leaves, wood, paper, or dirt – and moisture. Because molds grow by digesting

organic material, they gradually destroy whatever they grow on. Sometimes, new molds

grow on old mold colonies. Mold growth on surfaces can often be seen in the form of

discoloration, frequently green, gray, brown, or black but also white and other colors.

Molds release countless tiny, lightweight spores, which travel easily through the air.

How am I exposed to indoor molds?

Everyone is exposed to some mold on a daily basis without evident harm. There are

usually mold spores in the air inside homes. Most indoor mold spores come from

outdoors by blowing through open windows or being tracked into homes as dust on

shoes. Mold spores primarily cause health problems when they are present in large

numbers and people inhale high concentrations of spores in air This can occur when

there is active mold growth in a home, office, or school where people live or work.

People can also be exposed to mold by touching moldy materials and by eating

contaminated foods. Molds will grow and multiply whenever conditions are right, that is

when sufficient moisture is available and organic material is present. The most

important factor allowing mold to grow is dampness or moisture accumulation in the

home. The following are common sources of indoor moisture that may lead to mold

problems:

• Flooding

• Leaky roofs

• Sprinkler spray hitting the house

• Plumbing leaks

• Overflow from sinks, showers, bathtubs, or sewers

• Damp basement or crawl space

• Steam from bathing, doing laundry, or cooking

• Humidifier use

• Wet clothes drying indoors or clothes dryers exhausting hot, humid air indoors

Warping floors and discoloration of walls and ceilings can be indications of moisture

problems. Condensation on windows or walls is also an important indication, but it can

sometimes be caused by an indoor combustion problem. Have fuel-burning appliances

routinely inspected by your local utility or a professional heating contractor.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 31 of 48

January 2011

Should I be concerned about mold in my home?

Yes, if indoor mold growth is extensive, it can cause very high and persistent airborne

spore exposures. Persons exposed to high spore levels can become sensitized and

develop allergies to the mold or other health problems. Mold growth can also damage

your furnishings, such as carpets, sofas, and cabinets. Clothes and shoes in damp

closets can become soiled. In time, unchecked mold growth can cause serious damage

to the structure of your home.

What symptoms are commonly seen with mold exposure?

Exposure to large amounts of mold can cause health effects through inflammation,

allergic response, or, rarely, infection. Allergic reactions, often referred to as hay fever,

are the most common health problems reported following mold exposure. Typical

symptoms that mold-exposed persons report, alone or in combination, include:

• Breathing problems, such as wheezing, difficulty breathing, and shortness of

breath

• Nose or sinus congestion (stuffy feeling, sinus headache)

• Eye irritation (burning, watery, or reddened eyes)

• Dry, hacking cough

• Nose or throat irritation (runny nose, sneezing, sore throat)

• Skin rashes or red, itchy skin

Headaches, memory problems, mood swings, nosebleeds, body aches and pains, and

fevers are occasionally reported in mold cases, but their cause is not understood.

How much mold can make me sick?

For some people, encountering even a relatively small number of mold spores can

trigger an asthma attack or lead to other health problems. For other persons, symptoms

may occur only when exposure levels are much higher. Nonetheless, indoor mold

growth is unsanitary and undesirable. Basically, if you can see or smell mold inside your

home, take steps to identify and eliminate the excess moisture and to cleanup and

remove the mold.

Are some molds more hazardous than others?

Allergic persons have different levels of sensitivity to molds, both as to the amount and

the types that cause them to feel ill. In addition to being able to cause allergies, certain

types of molds, such as Stachybotrys chartarum, may produce compounds that have

toxic properties, which are called mycotoxins. Mycotoxins are not always produced, and

whether a mold produces mycotoxins while growing in a building depends on what the

mold is growing on as well as environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity,

and other unknown factors. When mycotoxins are present, they occur in both living and

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 32 of 48

January 2011

dead mold spores and may be present in materials into which mold has grown. While

Stachybotrys chartarum and some other types of molds are growing, a wet slime layer

covers the spores, preventing them from becoming airborne. However, when the mold

dies and dries up, air currents or physical handling can cause spores to become

airborne.

At present there is no readily available, inexpensive test to determine if a mold growing

in a building is producing toxins. A limited number of specialized laboratories can test

for mycotoxins in dust or building materials such as gypsum wallboard. These tests are

very expensive and the results are not helpful in determining if there is an additional

health risk from mycotoxins. There are also no blood or urine tests that a physician can

use to determine if an individual has been exposed to the spores of a toxin-producing

fungus or its mycotoxins.

How can I tell if I have mold in my house?

You may suspect that you have mold if you see discolored patches or cottony or

speckled growth on walls or furniture or if you smell an earthy or musty odor. You also

may suspect mold contamination if mold-allergic individuals experience some of the

symptoms listed earlier when in the house. Evidence of past or ongoing water damage

should also trigger a more thorough inspection. You may find mold growth underneath

water-damaged surfaces or behind walls, floors, or ceilings.

Should I test my home for mold?

The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) does not recommend testing as a

first step to determine if you have a mold problem. Reliable air testing for mold can be

expensive and requires experience and equipment that is not available to most people.

Owners of individual private homes and apartments generally will need to pay a

contractor to do such testing, because insurance companies and public health agencies

seldom provide this service. Mold inspection and cleanup is usually considered a

housekeeping task that is the responsibility of the homeowner or landlord, as are roof

and plumbing repairs, house cleaning, and yard maintenance.

Another reason the CDPH does not recommend testing for mold is that there are few

available standards for judging what is an acceptable amount of mold. In all locations,

there is some level of airborne mold outdoors. If air testing is carried out in a home, an

outdoor air sample also must be collected at the same time, to allow comparison of

indoor and outdoor spore types and numbers. Because some people are much more

sensitive to mold spores than are other people, mold testing is at best a general guide.

The simplest way to deal with a suspicion of mold contamination is, if you can see or

smell mold, you likely have a problem and should take the steps outlined below. Mold

growth is likely to recur unless the source of moisture that is allowing mold to grow is

removed and the contaminated area is cleaned.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 33 of 48

January 2011

Assessing the Size of a Mold Contamination Problem

There will be a significant difference in the cleaning recommendations for a small mold

problem – total area of visible mold growth is less than 10 square feet – and a large

mold problem – more than 100 square feet. In the case of a relatively small area, the

homeowner using personal protective equipment, such as a dust mask, safety goggles,

and household gloves, can handle the cleanup. However, for larger areas, choose an

experienced, professional contractor.

General Cleanup Procedures

• Find and remove sources of moisture

• Find and determine the extent and area of visible mold growth

• Clean and dry moldy areas – do not allow dust from the moldy areas to get into

the rest of the home

• Bag and dispose of all material that may have moldy residues, such as rags,

paper, leaves, and debris

Clean up should begin after the moisture source is fixed and excess water has been

removed. Wear gloves when handling moldy materials. Spores are more easily

released when moldy materials dry out, so it is advisable to remove moldy items

as soon as possible. Detailed cleanup procedures are available in the California

Department of Health Services Indoor Air Quality Section fact sheet entitled, “Mold in

My Home: What Do I Do?” It is available on the Internet at

www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/IAQ/Documents/MIMH_2006-06_2009-03rev6p.doc or by

calling (510) 620-2874.

How can I prevent indoor mold problems in my home?

Inspect your home regularly for signs and sources of indoor moisture and mold. Take

steps to eliminate sources of water as quickly as possible. If a leak or flooding occurs, it

is essential to act quickly so that wet materials can dry within 48 hours:

• Stop the source of the leak or flooding.

• Remove excess water with mops or wet vacuum.

• Move wet items to a dry, well-ventilated area. Move rugs and pull up wet carpet

as soon as possible.

• Open closet and cabinet doors and move furniture away from walls to increase

circulation.

• Run portable fans to increase air circulation. Do NOT use the home’s central

blower if flooding has occurred in it or in any of the ducts. Do NOT use fans if

mold may have already started to grow, or if it has been more than 48 hours

since the flooding.

• Run dehumidifiers and window air conditioners to lower humidity.

• Do NOT turn up the heat or use heaters in confined areas, as higher

temperatures may increase the rate of mold growth.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 34 of 48

January 2011

• If water has soaked inside the walls, it may be necessary to open wall cavities by

removing the baseboards and drilling a hole through the bottom of the wet wall,

or by prying away wall paneling.

Publications:

Mold in My Home: What Do I Do?

This free document is available from:

California Department of Public Health

Indoor Air Quality Section

850 Marina Bay Parkway, G365 EHLB

Richmond, CA 94804

Telephone: (510) 620-2874

Web: www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/IAQ/Documents/MIMH_2006-06_2009-03rev6p.doc

Numerous mold-related articles

and documents are available from:

California Department of Public Health

Environmental Health Investigation Branch

850 Marina Bay Parkway

Building P, 3rd floor

Richmond, CA 94804-6403

Web: www.ehib.org/search.jsp?ss=mold&google=on

Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Buildings

A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home

These free documents are available from:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

IAQ Information Clearinghouse

Telephone: (800) 438-4318

Web: www.epa.gov/mold/moldresources.html

Repairing Your Flooded Home

This free publication is available from:

American Red Cross

8928 Volunteer Lane, Sacramento, CA 95826

Telephone: (916) 368-3131

Web: www.redcross.org

For local assistance, contact your county or city Department of Health, Housing, or

Environmental Health. Phone numbers for these agencies are located in the blue

government pages at the front of your local telephone directory.

Note: Telephone numbers and prices were correct at the date of publication of this

booklet, but are subject to change.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 35 of 48

January 2011

CHAPTER VIII RADON

What is radon?

Radon is a naturally occurring colorless, tasteless, and odorless radioactive gas that

comes from the decay of uranium found in nearly all soils. It enters buildings from the

ground through cracks and openings in concrete slabs, crawl spaces, floor drains,

sumps, and the many tiny pores in hollow-wall concrete blocks. When the pressure

within a home is lowered, more radon can be drawn from the soil and enter the home.

Indoor air pressure may be lower during colder months when heated air rises from the

floor level to the ceiling or second story level in the house. Indoor pressure may also be

lowered in tightly sealed houses through use of exhaust fans such as those in many

kitchens and bathrooms.

Once inside a building, radon can become trapped. Unless the building is properly

ventilated to remove it, the gas can become a health hazard.

Where is radon found?

Radon is typically present in rocks containing uranium such as certain granites and

shales. The amount of radon that can enter soils and groundwater depends on the

concentrations of uranium in the underlying rock. Radon can also be found in the air at

very low concentrations.

If radon is present in tap water, it can be released when water is used indoors for

showering, washing dishes, or washing clothes. Radon is of most concern when water

is obtained directly from a well that draws water from a source exposed to uranium and

radium. Most of the radon in water obtained from a surface source, such as a reservoir

or well water stored in an open tank, has been released before it reaches the home.

Building materials are not a significant source of radon except where they incorporate

rocks rich in radium or uranium such as granite and shales.

Why is radon harmful?

Long-term exposure to elevated levels of radon can increase your risk of getting lung

cancer. Tobacco smokers are at an even greater risk. Radon levels vary throughout the

country. The amount of radon entering homes varies from home to home. Because

radon is colorless, odorless, and tasteless, testing is the only way to find out if you and

your family are at risk from it.

Exposure to radon does not result in any immediate symptoms. For example, it does not

result in acute respiratory effects such as colds or allergies. Any cancer resulting from

inhaling radon is not likely to arise for at least 20-30 years after exposure begins, and

both the level of exposure and duration of exposure are factors which determine the risk

of developing lung cancer.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 36 of 48

January 2011

Where are the highest levels of radon in the home?

Generally, the living area closest to the soil surface has the highest level of radon.

Upper stories have lower levels of radon. Consequently, radon is rarely a concern in

high rise apartment buildings, other than at ground level.

Do adjacent houses have similar levels of radon?

Because the amount of uranium and radium in the soil varies, and because houses are

constructed and used in different ways, houses in the same neighborhood will have

different radon levels.

Is there a safe level of radon?

We know that the greater the exposure to radon, the greater the risk of developing lung

cancer. But we do not know if there is a radon level that is harmless. Both the duration

of exposure and the level of radon in the air are

important in determining the risk of developing lung cancer. Smoking may be a large

contributing factor to lung disease associated with radon exposure. Currently, the

California Department of Public Health (CDPH) recommends that you take action to

reduce radon levels in your house if the annual average indoor air concentration

exceeds 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L).

How can radon levels be measured?

Several types of passive radon detectors or active devices can measure the level of

radon in a house. Passive detectors are devices left in place for a period of time that

require no ongoing activity or power. To obtain accurate results, the homeowner should

carefully follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Although short-term measurements of

radon levels are more convenient, health risk can be more accurately determined from

measurements made over a year. Active devices require a source of power and are

used by professional radon testers to monitor radon levels. These devices are usually

used during real estate transactions.

Where can I get a radon detector?

The CDPH Radon Program is now offering short term test kits for $7.00 for California

residents. CDPH has contracted with Alpha Energy Laboratories (DrHomeAir) to

provide this service. The test kit can be ordered on-line at www.drhomeair.com/ . The

CDPH Radon Program maintains lists of currently certified testers, mitigators and

laboratories at

www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/environhealth/Pages/RadonServiceProviders.aspx This list

of certified radon providers can also be obtained by calling the CDPH Radon Program

Hotline at (800) 745-7236.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 37 of 48

January 2011

What must be done to reduce indoor radon levels?

The U.S. EPA and CDPH recommend that homeowners attempt to reduce radon levels

in any home that has an annual average level of radon at or above 4 pCi/L. The

mitigation method chosen will depend on the construction of the house, extent of radon

reduction required, and cost. After installing a mitigation system, we recommend that

radon levels be monitored at regular intervals to make sure the mitigation is working.

A qualified contractor should install the radon mitigation system unless the homeowner

fully understands the principles of the mitigation system.

When should water be tested for radon?

When a test shows that indoor levels of radon are at or above 4 picocures per liter,

homeowners should also consider a water test. If the water comes from a water system,

information about the source of the water and any radon tests done on it can be

obtained from the company supplying the water. For information or assistance with

interpreting test results, contact the CDPH Division of Drinking Water and

Environmental Management (see Appendix A) at .

www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/Pages/DDWEM.aspx .

The radon concentration of water from a private well can be measured by having a

sample analyzed at a laboratory certified to test for radon in water. Homeowners should

consult the CDPH radon program at (916) 449-5674 for guidance on the type of water

analysis appropriate to the area and well type. The method of sample collection is

critical. To get a list of certified laboratories, call the CDPH at (800) 745-7236 or visit

their website at

www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/environhealth/Pages/RadonServiceProviders.aspx .

How can levels of radon in water be reduced?

Radon levels in water can be reduced by 99 percent by the installation of a granular

activated carbon unit (GAC) on the water line entering the house. GAC units should be

certified by the CDPH. As radon accumulates and decays in the GAC unit, the unit itself

becomes radioactive. Therefore, these units must be shielded or located away from the

house to protect occupants from radiation. The GAC filters also require special handling

during replacement and disposal. Aeration may also remove radon from water. This

technique may be more costly but avoids the problem of radiation build up. Selection of

the proper water treatment technology depends primarily upon its removal efficiency

(other contaminants in the water may adversely affect this), safety, initial costs, and

operating and maintenance costs. Therefore, professional guidance is strongly advised.

Does the law require mitigation?

Mitigation of radon is not required by law and is at the discretion of the homeowner.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 38 of 48

January 2011

Hotlines:

For information on how to purchase a radon detector, how to find someone to test your

home, or for informational publications on radon, call the CDPH Radon Program Hotline

at: (800) 745-7236 or visit their website at

www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/environhealth/Pages/Radon.aspx

For specific assistance, call the CDPH Radon Program at: (916) 449-5674

Publications:

List of Certified Providers of Radon Services

This publication is available by calling CDPH Radon Program Hotline at (800) 745-745-

7236 or at

www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/environhealth/Pages/RadonServiceProviders.aspx

California Department of Public Health

Indoor Radon Program

1616 Capitol Avenue, 2nd Floor

P.O. Box 997413

Sacramento, CA 95899-7413

Telephone: (800) 745-7236

Web: www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/environhealth/Pages/Radon.aspx

Radon in California

A Citizen’s Guide to Radon

Homebuyers and Sellers Guide to Radon

The Inside Story - A Guide to Indoor Air Quality

How to Reduce Radon Levels in your Home

Model Standards for Radon in New Residential Buildings

These free publications are available from:

U.S. EPA Indoor Air Quality Information Clearinghouse

P.O. Box 37133

Washington, D.C. 20013-7133

Telephone: (800) 438-4318

Fax: (202) 484-1510

Email: iaqinfo@aol.com

Web: www.epa.gov/iaq/

Note: Telephone numbers and prices were correct at the date of publication of this

booklet, but are subject to change.

Federal Agencies

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development

(HUD)

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 39 of 48

January 2011

Office of Lead Hazard Control

451 7th Street S.W., Room B133

Washington, D.C. 20410

Telephone: (202) 755-1785

Web: www.hud.gov

HUD helps people build and maintain communities of

opportunity.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA)

Public Information Center

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20460

Telephone: (202) 272-0167

Web: www.epa.gov

The U.S. EPA is a regulatory agency responsible for

implementing federal laws designed to protect our air,

water, and land from past and future environmental

hazards.

State Agencies

California Air Resources Board

Research Division

Indoor Exposure Assessment Section

1001 I Street

P.O. Box 2815

Sacramento, CA 95814

Telephone: (916) 322-8282

Web: www.arb.ca.gov

California Contractor's State License Board

9821 Business Park Drive

P.O. Box 26000

Sacramento, CA 95827

Telephone: (800) 321-2752

Web: www.contractorslicense.com

This board is responsible for licensing contractors, including

asbestos abatement.

California Department of Industrial Relations

Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/

OSHA)

Asbestos Consultant Certification Unit

2211 Park Towne Circle, #1

Sacramento, CA 95825

Telephone: (916) 574-2993

Web: www.dir.ca.gov

Cal/OSHA is the state equivalent to the Federal Occupational

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 40 of 48

January 2011

Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and

regulates protection of workers.

California Department of Public Health

Call your local county health department listed in the

front of the white pages or, on the Internet, visit

www.cdph.ca.gov

California Department of Public Health

Environmental Management Branch, Radon Program

1616 Capital Avenue, 2nd Floor, MS 7405

P.O. Box 997413

Sacramento, CA 95899-7413

Telephone: (800) 745-7236

Web: www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/environhealth/Pages/Radon.aspx

This branch provides publications and information about

radon hazards.

California Department of Public Health

Environmental Lab Accreditation Program

850 Marina Bay Parkway

Building P, Third Floor

Richmond, CA 94804-6403

Telephone: (510) 620-5600

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 41 of 48

January 2011

APPENDIX A List of Federal and State Agencies

Contact information provided was correct as of the date of publication, but is subject to

change.

This office may provide information about test procedures

for analyzing environmental pollutants.

California Department of Public Health

Division of Drinking Water and Environmental

Management

Drinking Water Technical Program Branch

Sacramento Headquarters

1616 Capital Avenue, MS 7400

P.O. Box 997413

Sacramento, CA 95899-7413

Telephone: (916) 449-5600

This division collects and evaluates water quality information

on drinking water in California and supervises the

activities of all public water systems. It also provides

assistance to local health departments, water purveyors, and

the general public on issues related to water quality, water

supply, and water treatment:

Northern California Section

Sacramento District

8455 Jackson Road, Room 120

Sacramento, CA 95826

Telephone: (916) 229-3126

Lassen, Valley, Klamath & Shasta Districts

415 Knollcrest Drive, Suite 110

Redding, CA 96002

Telephone: (916) 224-4800

North Coastal Section

San Francisco & Santa Clara Districts

2151 Berkeley Way, Room 458

Berkeley, CA 94704

Telephone: (510) 540-2158

Mendocino & Sonoma Districts

50 D Street, Suite 200

Santa Rosa, CA 95404-4752

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 42 of 48

January 2011

Telephone: (707) 576-2145

Monterey District

1 Lower Ragsdale, Bldg. 1, Suite 120

Monterey, CA 93940

Telephone: (831) 655-6939

Central California Section

Merced & Visalia Districts

1040 East Herndon Avenue, Suite 205

Fresno, CA 93720-3158

Telephone: (559) 447-3300

Stockton District

31 E. Channel Street, Room 270

Stockton, CA 95202

Telephone: (209) 948-7696

Tehachapi District

1200 Discovery Drive, Suite 100

Bakersfield, CA 993309

Telephone: (661) 335-7315

Southern California Section

Los Angeles District & Metropolitan Districts

1449 W. Temple Street, Room 202

Los Angeles, CA 90026

Telephone: (213) 580-5723

Santa Barbara District

1180 Eugenia Place, Suite 200

Carpinteria, CA 93013

Telephone: (805) 566-1326

South Coastal Section

San Bernardino District

464 West 4th Street, #437

San Bernardino, CA 92401

Telephone: (909) 383-4328

San Diego & Riverside Districts

1350 Front Street, Room 2050

San Diego, CA 92101

Telephone: (619) 525-4159

Santa Ana District

28 Civic Center Plaza, Room 325

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 43 of 48

January 2011

Santa Ana, CA 92701

Telephone: (714) 558-4410California

Department of Toxic Substances

Control

1001 I Street

P.O. Box 806

Sacramento, CA 95812-0806

Telephone: (916) 324-1826

Web: www.dtsc.ca.gov

DTSC issues permits for treatment, storage, and

disposal of hazardous wastes; inspects facilities; maintains

a Superfund list; and has a site cleanup program.

Northern California Regional Offices

Sacramento Office

8800 Cal Center Drive

Sacramento, CA 95826-3268

Telephone: (916) 255-3618

Clovis Office

1515 Tollhouse Road

Clovis, CA 93611-0522

Telephone: (559) 297-3901

Berkeley Office

700 Heinz Avenue, Suite #200

Berkeley, CA 94710-2721

Telephone: (510) 540-2122

Southern California Regional Offices

Chatsworth Office

9211 Oakdale Avenue

Chatsworth, CA 91311-6505

Phone: (818) 717-6500

Cypress Office

5796 Corporate Avenue

Cypress, CA 90630-4732

Telephone: (714) 484-5300

San Diego Office

9174 Skypark Court, Suite 150

San Diego, CA 92123

Telephone: (858) 637-5531

California Department of Housing and Community

Development

Division of Administration - Manufactured Housing

1800 Third Street, Room 260

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 44 of 48

January 2011

P.O. Box 31

Sacramento, CA 95814

Telephone: (916) 445-3338

Administration of codes and statutes relating to mobile

homes. It also allocates grants and loans for low-income

housing, house rehabilitation, and disaster relief.

California Department of Real Estate (DRE)

Fresno District Office

Department of Real Estate

2550 Mariposa, Room 3070

Fresno, CA 93721-2273

Telephone: (559) 445-6153

Oakland District Office

Department of Real Estate

1515 Clay Street, Room 702

Oakland, CA 94612-1462

Telephone: (510) 622-2552

Los Angeles Executive Office

Department of Real Estate

320 W. 4th Street, Suite 350

Los Angeles, CA 90013-1150

Telephone: (213) 620-2072

San Diego District Office

Department of Real Estate

1350 Front Street, Room 3064

San Diego, CA 92101-3687

Telephone: (619) 525-4375

Sacramento Principal Office

Department of Real Estate

2201 Broadway

P.O. Box 187000

Sacramento, CA 95818-7000

Telephone: (916) 227-0864

This unit provides information on lead toxicity and

treatment of lead toxicity in children.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 45 of 48

January 2011

APPENDIX B Glossary

AERATION: A technique by which air is introduced into a liquid; bubbles and aerosols

are generated and dissolved gases released. For example, water aerated by passing

through a shower head will release dissolved radon gas.

ACTIVATED CARBON: A material made from burnt wood which is used to remove

organic solutes, such as pesticides, and some inorganic solutes, such as chlorine, from

water. Dissolved organic solutes are removed from the water by absorption onto the

activated carbon. The activated carbon must be periodically replaced when it becomes

saturated and unable to adsorb any more solute. Activated carbon is not effective in

removing heavy metals, such as lead, and salts, which make water hard.

ANNUAL AVERAGE LEVEL: The average of measurements taken at different times

over the period of one year or the level measured by a device left in place for a full year.

CARCINOGEN: A substance that causes cancer.

CATHODE RAY TUBE: The cathode ray tube, or CRT, is the display device used in

most computer displays, video monitors, and televisions.

CERTIFIED LABORATORY: A laboratory that has demonstrated that it can meet the

federal and state standards for accuracy and precision for a given analytical procedure.

DISTILLATION: As referenced in this booklet, distillation is a technique used to purify

water by removal of inorganic contaminants such as salts through heating the solution

and condensing the steam. The resultant distilled water has a reduced salt

concentration. Distillation is not effective in removing pesticides and volatile organic

contaminants such as chloroform and benzene.

EXPOSURE: Contact with an agent through inhalation, ingestion, or touching. For

example, exposure to radon is primarily through inhalation; exposure to lead is primarily

through ingestion.

FILTRATION: Purification of water by removing undissolved solids or sediment by

passing the water through a filter or sieve. Filtration does not remove dissolved salts or

organic contaminants.

FRIABLE: Easily crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to a powder by hand.

LEVEL: Another term for concentration; also, the amount of a substance in a given

volume of air, liquid or solid.

LITER: Metric unit of volume equivalent to 1.057 quarts of liquid. One gallon is

equivalent to about four liters.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 46 of 48

January 2011

MILLIGRAM: A unit of weight. There are 1,000 milligrams in one gram and about 28

grams in one ounce.

MITIGATION: Mitigation means any action taken to reduce or eliminate the risk to

human health and the environment from hazardous waste.

PARTS PER MILLION: A unit of concentration. For example, air that contains 1 part per

million formaldehyde contains 1.2 milligrams formaldehyde in 1 million milliliters air, i.e.

1,000 liters air. Also, water which contains 1 part per million lead contains 1 milligram

lead in 1 million milligrams water, i.e., 1 kilogram water. One part per million can be

compared to one cent in ten thousand dollars.

PASSIVE DETECTOR: A measuring device that functions without any energy input or

ongoing attention from the user. For example, use of a passive radon detector to

measure radon requires only that the detector be left in place for a specified time.

PICOCURIE: A unit of amount used in measurement of radioactive substances. For

example, five picocuries of radon are five trillionths of a curie and are equivalent to 11

radioactive radon atoms decaying every minute.

RADIOACTIVE: A term used to describe atoms that are unstable and break down or

decay to form another kind of atom. For example, radium breaks down to form radon. In

the process of decay some high-energy particles are emitted. The detection of these

particles by special instruments indicates that a substance is radioactive. The high-

energy particles and gamma rays are called radiation.

REACTIVE: A solid waste that is normally unstable, reacts violently with water, or

generates toxic gases when exposed to water or other materials.

REVERSE OSMOSIS: A technology used to purify water by removing the salts from

water. Osmosis involves the diffusion of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution

across a semi-permeable membrane that allows only the passage of water. In reverse

osmosis, water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane from a concentrated

solution to a stream of purified water. For example, in the desalination of seawater,

reverse osmosis is used to separate the salts from the water generating drinking water

and a residue of salts.

RISK: In the context of this booklet, risk indicates the chance of developing a disease

after exposure to an environmental hazard. Risk depends on the time period for which a

person is exposed to a particular hazard and the level of the hazard.

SOFT WATER: Water that does not contain large amounts of dissolved minerals such

as salts containing calcium or magnesium.

SOLDER: A metallic compound used to seal joints between pipes. Until recently, most

solder contained about 50 percent lead. Lead solder is now banned for plumbing

applications.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 47 of 48

January 2011

TOXICITY: The extent to which a material is toxic.

Residential Environmental Hazards Booklet Page 48 of 48

January 2011

Fill Online, Printable, Fillable, Blank FORM Courtesy of: APPLICATION TO RENT Landlord.com Each (Department of Internal Affairs New Zealand) Form

Related forms

Fillable FORM Courtesy of: APPLICATION TO RENT Landlord.com Each (Department of Internal Affairs New Zealand)

Fill Online, Printable, Fillable, Blank FORM Courtesy of: APPLICATION TO RENT Landlord.com Each (Department of Internal Affairs New Zealand) Form

Related forms

First 20 documents completely FREE!