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Improving Data Center Energy Performance
General Services Administration
Office of Federal High-Performance Green Buildings
WELCOME
Let’s begin
Information in this PDF is excerpted from the GSA
report: "Living in a High-Performance Building:
The Story of EPA's Region 8 Headquarters."
June 20, 2013
The full report and executive summary are
available Here.
All cost savings estimates are based on energy costs specific to
the Denver, CO area at the time in which the report was written.
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Who Should Care?
This course provides easy to use energy conservation strategies for an existing data center.
These Quickly Contribute to:
Achieving significant energy savings
Increasing operational efficiencies
Reducing total facility operating cost
Who Should Care?
Facility Managers
Data Center Managers
Building Engineers
Building Owners
Data centers with old/legacy equipment housed in sub-optimum space.
Building Tenant
What Size/Type of Data Center Are We Talking About?
A 1,500 square foot data center located in an office building
Rack-mounted computer hardware in a hot aisle/cold aisle configuration
A one foot high access floor system
Cooling provided by floor mounted CRAC units
Ventilation air provided by a separate system
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Tuning Up Your Existing Data Center
Begin by Working with Your Utility Provider and Management Team on the Following:
How can I improve energy performance?
What actions yield the best Return on Investment (ROI)?
Review your Data Center Energy Strategies:
Existing data centers can be more energy efficient using a variety of strategies
You should develop these strategies and review them annually
Many strategies shown on the next pages are simple and cost effective
These strategies can contribute to a reduction in facility operating costs,
improved energy conservation and performance
And then Evaluate these Five Main Operational Areas:
1. IT Equipment Improvements
2. Optimizing Airflow Management
3. Equipment Replacement
4. Cooling System Retrofit
5. Lighting Upgrades
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Please Choose
Develop Your Strategy
There Are Three Levels of Strategies:
Level 1
What Can I Accomplish with Little or No Funding?
Level 2
What Can I Accomplish with Funding for Equipment?
Level 3
What Can I Accomplish with Capital Improvement Funding?
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Level 1: What Can I Accomplish if I Have Little
or No Funding?
Here Are Some Energy Saving Ideas That You Can Explore
IT Environment Improvements
Server Virtualization
Server Consolidation
Optimize Airflow Management
Server Layout and Cooling Needs
Floor Diffuser Locations
Install Separation Curtains
Install Blank Cover Plates in Open Rack Locations
Seal Wall and Floor Openings
Cable Management
Reduce Direct Heat Loads from Lighting
Ventilate Air After Hours
Return air plenum located directly over server racks
Hot
Aisle
Cold
Aisle
Hot
Aisle
Physical Separation
Raised floor with underfloor supply air diffusers
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Level 1 Example: Estimated Energy and
Cost Savings
Assumptions:
1) Installed cost for fire rated thermal release data center curtains = estimated $5,000.00
2) Hot/cold aisle containment may reduce the load enough to turn off one CRAC unit
・
Only fan energy is considered as a conservative number.
・
5 hp motor x 8760 hrs/yr x 0.746 kW/hp = 32,675 kWh/yr
3) Blended electric rate of $0.10 / kWh
Energy Conservation
Measures
Seal Exposed Openings
Remove Unused Diffusers
Relocate Floor Diffusers
Install Containment Curtains
Install Blanks into Racks
Cable Management
Total
Total Cost
(materials
and labor)
$100
$100
$200
$5,000
$200
$1,000
$6,600
Energy Savings
(kWh/yr)
-
-
-
-
-
-
32,675
Cost Savings
($/yr)
-
-
-
-
-
-
$3,267
Simple Payback
(years)
-
-
-
-
-
2.0
Estimated Energy and Cost Savings Using Optimizing Airflow Management Strategies
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Level 2: What Can I Accomplish if I Have Funding
for Equipment?
Here Are Some Energy Saving Ideas That You Can Explore:
Computer Room Air Conditioner (CRAC) Unit Upgrade
Replace motors and pumps with high efficiency
– variable speed models
Ventilation System Upgrades
Replace motors and fans with high efficiency
– variable speed models
Modular Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Unit
Replace unit with modular equipment when new
batteries are needed. Properly size the UPS unit
– more is not better if capacity is underutilized.
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Cold Aisle
Replace older Legacy servers
CRAC Unit Upgrades
Modular UPS Unit
Cloud Storage
Level 2: What Can I Accomplish if I Have Funding
for Equipment?
Here Are Some Energy Saving Ideas That You Can Explore:
Legacy Servers
Replace older Legacy servers with new servers that
have energy-efficient power supplies and variable
speed fans. This can be accomplished through regular
technology refresh cycles.
Cloud Storage
Continue efforts to move data to cloud storage
reducing the number of servers needed.
Virtualization saves money since less hardware is
required. A Central Processing Unit (CPU)
utilization goal should be set between 60-70%.
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Level 2 Example: Estimated Energy and Cost Savings
Assumptions:
1) Power Distribution Unit (PDU) utility data showed IT load of 39 kW
2) Assumed a 30% reduction in load, 20 Legacy servers replaced at $5,000 per server
3) Assumed 500 hours of labor for server replacement, virtualization and active consolidation
4) Blended electric rate of $0.10 / kWh
Assumptions:
1) Replacing the 73% efficient UPS with a 97% efficient unit would reduce losses by 15 kW power distribution unit
Energy Conservation
Measures
Replace, Virtualize and
Consolidate IT Servers
Total Cost
(materials
and labor)
$150,000
Energy Savings
(kWh/yr)
239,148 kWh
Cost Savings
($/yr)-
$23,915
Simple Payback
(years)
6.3 yrs
Energy Conservation
Measures
Replace UPS with Modular,
High Efficiency UPS
Total Cost
(materials
and labor)
$75,000
Energy Savings
(kWh/yr)
131,400 kWh
Cost Savings
($/yr)-
$13,140
Simple Payback
(years)
5.7 yrs
Estimated Energy and Cost Savings Using Server Upgrades
Estimated Energy and Cost Savings Using Modular UPS
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Level 3: What Can I Accomplish with Capital
Improvement Funding?
Here Are Some Energy Saving Ideas That You Can Explore:
Cooling System Retrofit
A cooling system retrofit can reduce energy use and provide more efficient cooling for the data center
There are two options to consider:
Option A. New Air Handling Unit (AHU)
Install a new AHU for the data center with economizer and direct evaporative cooling
New construction may be required depending on unit size and location
Cold air is supplied into the underfloor air system and discharged in front of the racks by perforated tiles
Option B. Retrofit an Existing AHU
If it is not possible to implement Option A, then the existing AHU could be considered for modification to
include an economizer and evaporative cooling. Retrofit elements that might be necessary include:
・
Additional variable air volume (VAV) boxes, duct work, and diffusers may be needed to provide the needed
cubic feet per minute airflow during unoccupied hours
・
During occupied hours, one CRAC unit would still need to operate
・
An exhaust duct would need to be installed to relieve the hot aisle air. This would require a pathway
to the exterior of the building.
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Level 3: What Can I Accomplish with Capital
Improvement Funding?
Four Different Cooling Technologies:
These technologies should be evaluated individually and in combination with others to determine
the best cooling strategy for your data center.
1. Direct Expansion. The most common type of cooling equipment in smaller data centers. These units
are usually the least efficient cooling technology for data centers.
2. Airside Economizer. Take advantage of favorable outside air conditions, such as nighttime and mild
winter conditions. This approach is typically the lowest-cost option.
3. Direct Evaporative Cooling. Provides free cooling via a direct evaporative cooling unit. These systems
typically will reduce cooling system energy use over a standard air-cooled CRAC unit by as much as 70%.
4. Multistage Indirect Evaporative Cooling. High-performance evaporative coolers that
surpass standard evaporative cooling performance.
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Level 3 Example: Estimated Energy and Cost Savings
Assumptions:
1)
Cost Savings for Option A
= 63.4 kW x 8760 hrs/yr x $0.10/kWh
2) Cost Savings for Option B = 33 kW x 6000 hrs/yr x $0.10/kWh
3) Implementation costs were estimated from consultation with mechanical design engineers
4) Does not include water savings
5) On-site staff should investigate implementing a water deduct meter to measure how much
water is being evaporated by the cooling towers, to achieve sewer cost savings.
Energy Conservation
Measures
Option A: Install New AHU
with Economizer +
Evaporative Cooling
Total Cost
(materials
and labor)
$100,000
Energy Savings
(kWh/yr)
555,384 kWh
Cost Savings
($/yr)
$55,538
Simple Payback
(years)
1.8 yrs
Option B: Retrofit Existing
AHU to Include Economizer
$50,000 198,000 kWh $19,800 2.5 yrs
Estimated Energy and Cost Savings Using Cooling System Retrofit
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
Feedback
In our continued effort to provide you with reliable, accurate information,
we would appreciate any feedback or suggestions.
Please view the questions opposite and
email any feedback you have to us!
All submissions will be in strict confidence!
Did you find this information valuable?
Are there other suggestions or best practices for improving data
center energy performance that you would like to share? If so,
please tell us about it.
Do you have plans to upgrade your data center? If so, do you plan
to use information in this PDF?
LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
FEEDBACK
HOME
LEVEL 1
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