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CoNveNtioN CoMproMise at the CoNstitutioNal Instructions for Teachers (Architect of the Capitol)

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CoMproMise at the
CoNstitutioNal
CoNveNtioN
Notes for Teachers
This activity is designed to help
students understand the debates
at the Constitutional Convention
in 1787 that shaped America’s
legislative branch of government.
The primary goal of this activity
is for students to discover how
a compromise balanced the
needs of large states and small
states and how this led to the
creation of the current House of
Representatives and Senate.
In contrast to the real convention,
this activity is simplied and
focused to come to a conclusion
in a class period. Delegates
went to the Constitutional
Convention with many ideas
and views on government.
Other topics discussed at the
convention included the nature
of the executive and judicial
branches; whether to include a
Bill of Rights; and the future of
slavery in the United States. This
activity does not address those
debates, nor does it consider the
Three-Fifths Compromise. Each
of those topics could easily be the
basis of its own lesson.
Source material for this lesson
can be found in “Constitutional
Journal: Correspondent’s Report
from the Convention of 1787” by
Jerey St. John.
Instructions for Teachers
This activity can be approached as an individual assignment or as
a class activity. Students assume the roles of delegates at the Constitutional
Convention. The rst task is to read the Virginia and New Jersey Plans. It
will be useful for students also to read the opinions of other delegates. Each
delegate page includes a scale for students to record their agreement or dissent.
In the classroom, or live online, page 11 is a good place to stop and poll
your students. On page 14, where the Connecticut Plan is introduced and
students are asked to make a nal vote, you may wish to open the classroom
to debate before taking a nal vote. The last two pages oer students an
opportunity to sign the Constitution, just as delegates did in 1787. The
rst signing page allows students to add their names to the list of historic
signatures. The second signing page can be used for the whole classroom to
sign in a group activity.
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Instructions for Teachers and Students
CoMproMise at the
CoNstitutioNal
CoNveNtioN
Instructions for Students
In this activity, you will learn about how delegates
struggled to structure a federal government that
balanced the needs of the states. The year is 1787.
You have been chosen to attend the Constitutional
Convention in Philadelphia.
After reviewing the Articles of Confederation, you will consider the views and
opinions of other delegates. You will consider two plans: the Virginia Plan
and the New Jersey Plan. There is a scale at the bottom of the page for each
delegate. On this scale, mark how much you agree or disagree with this plan.
How do these viewpoints shape your own opinion about what our government
should look like? Will you vote for one of the presented plans, or do you have
an alternative in mind?
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Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 3 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Welcome to Philadelphia.
America declared its independence from
Great Britain here in 1776, but things have
not gone smoothly since then. In important
ways, the states are not acting united. If we
don’t do something now, our new country
may fall apart. We need your help.
Will you serve as a delegate in Philadelphia
to the Constitutional Convention? Will you
consider the opinions and proposed plans?
As you know, our country has been guided by
the Articles of Confederation since 1781. Since
we did not want to create a king, the framers
designed our national government to be weaker
and left considerable power in the hands of
individual states.
While some people still support this framework,
many think changes are needed. But which
changes can we agree to? Others think we
should create a brand new government, but
what would that look like?
Before you travel to Philadelphia for these
debates, it’s important to review what’s in the
Articles of Confederation:
1. Each state maintains a level of independence. It is a
league of 13 states working together.
2. There is a Congress of the Confederation that
serves as a national legislature. Each state can have a
delegation of two to seven members. Each delegate is
chosen by the state legislature and cannot serve more
than three years at a time. Each state gets one vote.
3. The Congress can create a national army in
a time of war, negotiate treaties and appoint
foreign ambassadors.
4. Congress may act as a court for disputes between
the states.
5. Congress can ask for money from the states but
cannot tax the states.
6. There is no national executive or national court system.
7. To pass any new law, nine states in the Congress must
approve it.
The Constitutional Convention, 1787
Welcome
to
Philadelphia
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 4 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Things to Consider
1.DowetrytoxtheArticlesorcreatesomething
brand new?
2. What would the new government look like?
3. The states vary in geographic size and population.
4. Will larger states, like Pennsylvania and Virginia,
have more power?
5. Will smaller states, like New Hampshire,
still have a voice?
It’s time to get to work.
First, read over the proposed
plans. Next, consider the opinions
of other delegates and think about
where you stand. To help you
evaluate your own opinion, use the
scale under each speaker to mark
how much you agree or disagree
with their position.
Major
Problems
1. The states refuse to
work together
2. The states act like
13 countries rather
than one nation
3. The states have
dieringinterests
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 5 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
The convention will start May 14, 1787, in Philadelphia.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 6 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Delegate from Virginia
Age at Convention: 36
Mark your answer on the scale.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Briefly explain your answer.
I believe my Virginia Plan to be the best form of
government for our young country. I served briey in
the Congress under the Articles of Confederation, and
I assure you that it did not work. We couldn’t even get
members to show up to Congress, let alone run the
country. So here is what I propose:
• Make big changes to the Articles of Confederation
• Establish three branches of government: legislative, executive,
and judicial
• All branches have equal power
• Bicameral legislature (meaning two legislative assemblies
or houses)
• Membersofthersthouseelectedbythepeopleoftheirstate
• Membersofthesecondhousechosenbythersthouse
• The number of members in both houses based on state population
• Largerstatesshouldhavegreaterinuence
• Theexecutiveandjudgeswouldbechosenbythelegislature
• The national government must have more power than the states
James Madison
Do you agree
or disagree with
Mr. Madison’s
Virginia Plan?
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 7 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Delegate from Pennsylvania
Age at Convention: 31
I support the Virginia Plan. I have heard
several members of this convention saying
that we do not have the authority to create
a new government, but I say to them that we
must. Imagine we go to war, is it better to
have one government or 13?
United behind one government we may spill
less blood and spend less money. Many of
you fear anarchy while others fear creating a
tyrant. I say the time is now to create a new
government, one where we can prevent both
anarchy and dictators. It is for these reasons
that many of you support changing the
government. This is the time to do it.
Gouverneur
Morris
Do you agree or
disagree with
Mr. Morris?
Mark your answer on the scale.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Briefly explain your answer.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 8 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Delegate from Maryland
Age at Convention: 39
Luther Martin
Do you agree or
disagree with
Mr. Martin?
I cannot support the Virginia Plan.
I believe the job of our national
government is to protect the power of
our individual states. Mr. Madison’s
plan seems to forget that our states
even exist. The states must be equal.
I support my fellow delegates who think
that each state should have one vote in
the legislature.
The Virginia Plan gives a greater
voice to the larger states, particularly
Virginia, Pennsylvania and
Massachusetts. These three states will
dominate the other ten. I cannot trust
the government if this to be the case.
Mark your answer on the scale.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Briefly explain your answer.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 9 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Delegate from New Jersey
Age at Convention: 31
I do not care for the Virginia Plan,
and so I created my own plan:
the New Jersey Plan. I do not
recommend major changes to the
Articles of Confederation. Here’s
what I propose:
• Unicameral legislature (meaning one
legislativeassemblyorhouse)
• One state, one vote
• Three branches of government: executive,
legislative and judicial
• An executive council and national court will
beselectedbythelegislature
• National government needs power to tax
• States must have their own power
William Paterson
Do you agree or disagree
with Mr. Paterson’s
New Jersey Plan?
Mark your answer on the scale.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Briefly explain your answer.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 10 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Delegate from New York
Age at Convention: 33
My position is with Mr. Paterson
from New Jersey. We cannot just
introduce a radically different
government all at once. Why don’t
we introduce changes slowly, over
time? My biggest concern is that
Mr. Madison’s plan will take away
the power of our individual states.
No state will hand over their
power to the national government.
And for those reasons, I support
the New Jersey Plan.
John Lansing Jr.
Do you agree or
disagree with
Mr. Lansing?
Mark your answer on the scale.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Briefly explain your answer.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 11 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Delegate from Massachusetts
Age at Convention: 32
Rufus King
Do you agree or
disagree with Mr. King?
I do not support this New Jersey Plan.
It will not give us the strong national
government that we need. In my
own state, Massachusetts, we had a
rebellion just last year. The national
government must be given the power
to stop these uprisings.
If we allow all the states to be
completely equal, nothing will
get done and the government will
continue to be weak. We must bury
this New Jersey Plan.
Mark your answer on the scale.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Briefly explain your answer.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 12 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
We are in a deadlock.
The small states believe the large states want power all for themselves.
The large states think it isn’t fair for the small states to be equal to them. Some think
the Virginia Plan gives too much power to the national government, while others
believe the New Jersey Plan is too weak. No one can agree. Delegates from New
York are so unhappy with the options that they left the convention.
Now that you have heard from some of the delegates,
would you choose the Virginia Plan, the New Jersey Plan, or neither?
Virginia Plan or New Jersey Plan or Neutral
(CIRCLE ONE)
Briefly explain your answer.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 13 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Word is spreading that Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth, from Connecticut,
are writing a new plan to break the stalemate. Let’s hear about their plan.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 14 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Delegate from Connecticut
Age at Convention: 66
We must have compromise if we are
to achieve anything. Here is what
Mr. Ellsworth and I propose in
our Connecticut Compromise. We
should have a bicameral legislature
as suggested in the Virginia Plan.
However, the lower house will reect
each state’s population, giving larger
states more seats. In the upper house,
each state, no matter its size, will get
two representatives. This will give the
smaller states equal voices. Hopefully
this compromise will help balance the
needs of both large and small states.
Roger Sherman
Do you agree or disagree
with Mr. Sherman’s plan?
Mark your answer on the scale.
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Briefly explain your answer.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 15 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
It is time for you to decide. Your vote is needed.
Which plan do you like the most?
Virginia Plan, New Jersey Plan, or the Connecticut Compromise.
(CIRCLE ONE)
In the space below, write your support for one of the three plans.
You may add your own proposal if you do not support one of the three plans.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 16 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
SEPTEMBER 17, 1787: After months of debate, we nally have
a Constitution. Ultimately, Mr. Sherman and Mr. Ellsworth’s
compromise broke the stalemate. We have created a government with
three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. Our legislature has
a House of Representatives, based on state population, and a Senate
with two senators per state. Our national government is stronger, but
the states still have powers of their own. It is time to let the people
decide and ratify our document.
Butrst,willyousign?Areyouwillingtoputyournameon
this document with the other delegates? Add your signature on
the following page.
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 17 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
U.S. CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER 18 COMPROMISE AT THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
CVC 21-010
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CoNveNtioN CoMproMise at the CoNstitutioNal Instructions for Teachers (Architect of the Capitol)

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