1.0 Introduction
This guide provides an overview of the technical tools available in the Indian Health Service (IHS)
information systems for the management of high-risk patients. Demonstration of the concepts
presented in this guide can be viewed in the accompanying PowerPoint presentation. The
information in this guide assumes the reader has a basic understanding of the fundamentals of
iCare. For additional information, please consult the iCare User Manual
.
Risk stratification enables practices to identify the right level of care and services for distinct
subgroups of patients. It considers objective and subjective data for identifying the level or risk
to patients, then uses this information to direct care and improve overall health outcomes.
Population health management requires practices to consider patients as both individuals and
as members of a larger community or population. The use of risk stratification identifies patients
with higher potential rates of health care utilization and increased financial liability. A patient's
risk category is the first step in planning, developing and implementing a personalized care plan.
The potential benefits of risk stratification for population health management have been
incorporated into programs such as the Comprehensive Primary Care (CPC) initiative, which
requires participating practices to perform a two-step risk stratification of their empaneled
populations. Some state-led and funded programs have also emphasized the importance of
targeting resources toward complex patient groups to better address their needs, lower costs,
and improve health outcomes
.
2.0 Risk Stratification: Identifying High-Risk Patients
2.1 Two-Step Method of Risk Stratification
Risk stratification provides a systematic way to identify and predict patients who are high
risk or likely to be at high risk to target care management resources and prevent worse
outcomes. There is interest in risk stratification within IHS, but the guidelines and best
practices are still under development. Methodologies may vary between across sites,
provider specialties and patient populations.
This guide features technical tools used to identify and manage high-risk patients at Chinle
Hospital and Northern Cheyenne/Lame Deer. Both facilities used a two-step process to
identify patients with multiple comorbidities, factoring in social determinants of health to
cull out the patients who have the most potential to benefit from intensive care
management. Both sites use iCare to stratify because iCare is available, intuitive,
affordable and totally integrated with cradle-to-grave historical patient data.
Risk stratification is a two-step process of evaluation, combining objective and subjective
data to assign risk levels:
1. Objective: The first step uses iCare (or any data algorithm) to identify patients who
have multiple comorbidities (diagnostic tags).